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PROCEEDINGS
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Pages 1-7 9-18 19-22
23 25-27 29-35
37-38 39-50
51-52 53-56 57-72 73-76 wi-19 81-82 83-84 85-86 87-89
91-92 93-94
95-98
CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI
A third species of Chilonycteris from Cuba, by GLovEeR Morir Aman. platen. hae asa cee Soe cea Four new and interesting ants from the mountains of Borneo and Luzon, by W1tLt1AM Morton WHEELER.... New amphibians and a new reptile from Sarawak, by Tuomas Barpour and GLADWYN KinGLsEy NOBLE .... The smaller mockingbird of the northern Bahamas, by OUTRAMEBIANGS ecru ncie ae elie tel ee eee ee ae Two undescribed birds from the Falkland Islands, by WINTHROP SPRAGUE BROOKS 05.5 5 cee Sale cute ae tae Two new ants from Texas and Arizona, by WILLIAM IMGRTON Wiebe hea bih t)5 .)e yee ae RA RU a he age A new swift from Santo Domingo, by JAMEs Ler PETERS. . New American Sphingidae, by BENJAMIN Preston CLaRK. Av plabese.: Biwi cite REISS Lo sat lel aries ogo er ag Two new West Indian birds, by THoMas Barsour and WINTHROP SPRAGUE BROOKS...........2240c0000000- An extinct Cuban Capromys, by GLover Morritt ALLEN New Sphingidae, by BENJAMIN Preston CiarK. 3 plates Notes on the geographical races of Tangara gyroloides, by OUTRAM, BANGSH le P fs, ena Be ee CD of | ce ae An undescribed race of Henslow’s sparrow, by WILLIAM SRR WSTEB 1d Sissel Ms Sali! te Aaa dn uaa a ea Two undescribed Newfoundland birds, by CHar.es Foster ES ACEC TUIDUAD) EER bs 2x eee ch atc Aaa. aks ac oe aehe Aenea oat a ae Vermileo comstockt, sp. nov., an interesting Leptid fly from California, by W1LL1AM Morton WHEELER........... Description of a new woodpecker from Peru, by Ourram BANGS andi Gis NOBLE Asi). oe stceasae wee ors ase Notes on the species and subspecies of Paecilonitta Eyton, DYLOUTRAMUBDANGSIAS ous. 5 vas shea okt ahaa eee A new genus of Caprimulgidae, by OuTRAM BaNGs........ A new race of the black-throated green wood warbler, by OUPRAM/ BANGS sins Sues hate atin ae Ue
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99-114 Some undescribed Sphingidae, by BENJAMIN PRESTON
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Fesruary 8, 1916 Vor. VI, pp. 1-7
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
A THIRD SPECIES OF CHILONYCTERIS FROM CUBA.
BY GLOVER MORRILL ALLEN.
In the Greater Antilles two species of bats of the genus Chilonyc- teris are well known to occur: a larger (C. parnelliz), and a much smaller (C. macleayii). The typical form of the latter is from Cuba, and slightly differentiated races are currently recognized in Jamaica, in Haiti and San Domingo, and in Porto Rico. Of the larger species, the type is from Jamaica, and a local form is de- scribed from Cuba, and another from Porto Rico. As yet the larger species is unrecorded from Haiti and San Domingo, though its presence there can hardly be doubted.
In 1900, Messrs. William Palmer and J. H. Riley collected a large series of Chilonycteris from two localities in Cuba: Guanajay and Baracoa. Four of these proved to be the Cuban representative of C. parnellii (C. p. boothi), and the others were all referred by Mr. G. S. Miller, Jr.,! to C. macleayii. Nevertheless he discovered that these again were readily separated into two series: one repre- senting a larger, the other a smaller form, “the differences between
1 Miller, G.S, Jr., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1904, vol. 27, p. 342.
x
N.E.Z.C. 2 ALLEN — CHILONYCTERIS TORREI Pa a
which are fairly constant and quite independent of age and sex.” He supposed these represented two variants of a single dimorphic species. Subsequently Rehn,' in his revision of the genus, working with part of Miller’s series, followed him in treating the two as one species, macleayit, and so they have since stood.
Through the generous interest of Professor Carlos de la Torre, of the Universidad de la Habana, the Museum of Comparative Zoology has lately received a collection of bats in alcohol from the caves at Baracoa and Maisi, Cuba. Among the specimens are several Chilonycteris, some of which represent the larger, some the smaller of the two supposed variants of macleayit. The striking contrast in bulk between the two led me to examine the series more closely, with the result that several characters were found which sufficiently establish the specific distinctness of the large and the small bats. In the larger species the fleshy protuberances at the sides of the nostrils are more prominent, and the upper rim of each nostril is produced into a squarish lobe. In the smaller spe- cies the lateral lobes are less prominent, while the upper border of the nostril, instead of forming an erect lobe, is rimmed by a series of from four to six small wart-like papillae. The ears of the larger species are proportionally broader, and on the inner edge, near the point of greatest width, bear three small blunt papillae, which in the smaller bat are more prominent and tooth-like. The skulls of the two show further differences. In addition to its much less size, that of the smaller species is more pointed at the muzzle in dorsal view, and the interorbital region is more abruptly con- stricted. In his paper previously quoted Mr. Miller states that part of his series was sent to the British Museum for comparison with Gray’s type of macleayii, with the result that the name was found to have been based on the larger of these two bats. This leaves the smaller animal without a name, unless Gundlach’s Lobostoma quadridens* can be satisfactorily identified with it. But this seems not to be the case. The greater part of his descrip- tion applies equally to both species. The name quadridens is
1 Rehn, J. A. G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1904, p. 186. 2 Gundlach, J., Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1840, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 357.
Ee | ALLEN — CHILONYCTERIS TORREI 3 evidently based on the fact that, at the point of greatest breadth of the ear, Gundlach found four small tooth-like projections (“4 Zibnchen’’). These are present in both species, though more prominent in the smaller. Their number, however, in our speci- mens does not exceed three on each ear. The only part of Gund- lach’s description that seems diagnostic, is the following: The fleshy papillae at the side of the nose on its upper rim projecting in a point (“Die Hautlappen zur Seite der Nase an ihrem oberen Rande in eine Spitze hervortretend”’). Though not altogether clear, this description, as may be seen by reference to the figures (Plate I, figures 1, 2) seems to apply better to the larger bat, whether the papillae intended be those on the upper margin of each nostril or the fleshy protuberances one at each side on the upper lip. The few measurements given are: length of the entire body (“ganzen Korpers”), 1’ 63’” = 39.2 mm.; tail in the membrane, 63’” = 13.7 mm.; free part of tail, 3” = 6.3 mm.; calcar, 73"’ = 16 mm.; expanse, 8” 3’ = 209.5 mm. If ‘entire body’ means head and body, the measurement 39 mm. is nearer that of the smaller animal; yet, as Miller’s table of dimensions shows, the head-and-body measurement of the smaller bat may be as great as 45.6 mm. or as small as 40; on the other hand the same dimension of the larger species may vary between 40 and 51 mm. However, the measure- ment is one that cannot be made with great accuracy in alcoholic or even fresh specimens. The sum of Gundlach’s measurements of head and body plus tail is 59.2 mm., which is smaller than any of the total-length measurements published by Miller for the two species, though in consequence agreeing more nearly with that of the smaller. The tail measurement (20 mm.) is more nearly that of the latter also. All Gundlach’s measurements are small, yet, of themselves, they are insufficient to be characteristic of either spe- cles; we may even suppose his specimen to have been young or shrunken in preservative, or his method of measurement may have been different. It seems clear that his description is not suffi- ciently diagnostic to render the name quadridens certainly appli- cable to either species. He may have had both before him at the time. Though his measurements accord more nearly with those of the smaller species, his description of the nose lappets seems
P.N.E.Z.C. CHILONYCTERIS TORREI [ Vol. VI
4 ALLEN
better to fit the larger, macleayii, of which L. quadridens has been usually considered a synonym, and I shall therefore continue to regard it so.
The smaller bat may be known as
Chilonycteris torrei sp. nov.
1840. Lobostoma quadridens Gundlach, Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 357 (part ?).
1855. Chilonycteris quadridens Wagner, Schreber’s Saiugethiere, Suppl., vol. 5, p. 678 (part ?; quotation of Gundlach).
1904. Chilonycteris macleayit Miller, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 342 (part; the “smaller form’’).
1904. Chilonycteris macleayii Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 185 (part; the ‘‘smaller form’’).
Type, adult female, alcoholic with dry skull, no. 11,672, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, from La Cueva de la Majana, Baracoa, Cuba; collected June 15, 1915, by Senor Victor Jose Rodriguez y Verrier and presented by Professor Carlos de la Torre y Huerta.
General Characters.— Slightly smaller than C. macleayii, with forearm 36-38 mm., against 41-48 mm. in the latter; the fleshy papilla at each side of the muzzle lower and less prominent; the dorsal rim of each nostril surmounted by a transverse row of from four to six small roundish warts (Plate I, fig. 1); a low transverse cutaneous ridge on the muzzle behind the nose pad; a group of two or three minute tooth-like papillae at a point about half-way on the inner margin of the ear, more attenuated than in macleayit. Skull smaller than in macleayii, the muzzle less inflated.
Description.— The color does not appear to be different from that of macleayii. Size, however, smaller throughout; ear proportionally a trifle narrower; the minute papillae half-way on its inner margin distinctly more prominent and filiform. The structure of the chin lappets is practically the same in both species, but the protuberances of the muzzle differ notably. In macleayzi the two lateral papillae are more prominent, and on the upper rim of each nostril is a squarish lobe separated by a well-marked notch from its fellow on the other nostril. In torre the upper edge of the nostrils is not produced into a lobe, but each is rimmed by a transverse line of from four to six low rounded warts, with a median depression barely indicated. A low cutaneous ridge is present on the muzzle behind the nose pad, but is practically absent in macleayii. The caleaneum, as in macleayii, is long and slender; it terminates in a minute lobe at the point of greatest length of the interfemoral membrane, In the type this lobe is exceptionally
Feb. | ALLEN — CHILONYCTERIS TORREI 5
prominent. The free edge of the interfemoral membrane between these tips of the calcanea is slightly thickened, but not otherwise peculiar. In macleayii, on the other hand, the longitudinal lines of minute papillae with which the membrane is studded, become raised and thickened so as to form eight longitudinal ridges, well marked, at the free border of the membrane. In other particulars of external structure the two species seem to be practically alike.
Skull.— In addition to its much smaller size, the skull of C. torrez is less inflated at the tip of the rostrum, as compared with that of C. macleayii, so that in dorsal view the muzzle is decidedly more tapering. This fact was noticed by Rehn, who, however, supposed it to be a sexual character of the males of the latter species. The interorbital constriction is slightly more abrupt, giving, from above, a rounder outline to the brain-case; a distinet isthmus, bounded by a transverse sulcus at either end, marks off the brain-case from the rostrum somewhat more sharply than in macleayii.
Except for slight differences of proportion, the teeth of the two species seem to be essentially similar. The molars of C. torre are relatively larger, however, so that the palatal region between the molar rows is decidedly more narrowed; the minute lower premolar (pm;) seems to be crowded slightly more to the inner side of the tooth-row as well.
Measurements — In his paper of 1904, Mr. Miller (p. 343) gives the external measurements of a series of both these species under the name macleayti. The individuals with forearm measurements 36-38 mm. are torre. It will therefore suffice to append the dimensions of the type of lorrei, with the corresponding measurements of a specimen of macleayii (M.C. Z., no. 11,668) in parenthesis, following each: head and body (anus to muzzle, approximately), 40 mm. (43); tail from anus (approximately), 19.5 (25.5); ear from meatus, 15.5 (18); tibia, 15.5 (17); hind foot, 8 (9); forearm, 37 (43); third finger, 69.5 (74.5); fifth finger, 44 (50). Skull: greatest length, 14.5 (16.1); basal length, 12.2 (13.8); palatal length, 7.2 (8.2); zygomatic breadth, 7.7 (8); greatest breadth at base of rostrum, 6 (6.5); mastoid width, 7.6 (8.2); width of brain-case, 6.7 (7.3); inter- orbital constriction, 3 (3); upper tooth-row, 7.0 (7.8); lower tooth-row, 7.0 (7.8).
Remarks.— It is a pleasure to associate with this species the name of Professor de la Torre, to whose keen interest in the natural history of Cuba many important discoveries are due.
The recognition of this third West Indian species of Chilonycteris makes it necessary to determine if the representatives of the genus on other Greater Antillean islands that have hitherto been con- sidered subspecies of macleayzi are really of that type; it will also
eee Vol. VI.
6 ALLEN — CHILONYCTERIS TORREI be interesting to discover if both species have mainland representa- tives. <A series from Jamaica, presented by Dr. J. A. Cushman, is unquestionably the subspecies C. macleayii grisea of Gosse, and agrees perfectly in the general characters of ear notches and nose- leaf with macleayii. Rehn, in recognizing this subspecies in his review (1904), describes it well, and Dobson’s figure of the type specimen leaves no room for doubt.
In his key to the species of the genus, Rehn (1904) groups with ‘macleayii’ ( = torrei, part) the subspecies fuliginosa Gray, from Haiti, and inflata Rehn, from Porto Rico, because the “cutaneous ridge surmounting the superior margin of the nostrils” is “without a deep median emargination”’ —a fact which seems to fix the re- lationship of Rehn’s specimens with the small species torrez. It is not so clear that Gray’s specimen was one of this group, however. His all too brief description (Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1843, p. 20) gives little that is diagnostic. The forearm measurement he says is 1 inch, 7 lines, (= 40 mm.), while Rehn gives 37.7 mm. It is not impossible that Gray may have had a representative of the macleayit group, and Rehn a form of the smaller torret. In that case torre? would stand as a subspecies of C. inflata, or if Rehn’s assumption is correct, both would be forms of fuliginosa. Until a final revision of the West Indian species can be made, however, forrei May stand as an insular species. Rehn has pointed out the characters separating fuliginosa and inflata trom the last, which he called macleayii. The “short and bullate rostrum” and “rather expanded zygomata”’ of znflata are distinctive, while fuliginosa (of Rehn), with its short calcanea, is the smallest of the group.
From the resemblance in size and in the general form of the nose pad and cutaneous ridge on the rostrum, it seems not unlikely that C. parnellit is the Antillean representative of C. rubiginosa mexi- cana of the mainland of Mexico (Oaxaca and Vera Cruz, southward). The continental relatives of the two other species (macleayw and torre’) are yet to be determined, but, to judge from Rehn’s careful description, C. psilotis Dobson is very similar to torre in the form of the nose pad and in the shape of the ear, with its four prominent denticles on the internal margin. It is, however, a somewhat larger bat. Dobson’s original specimen was without record of
ree ALLEN — CHILONYCTERIS TORREI
<3
locality, but Miller in 1902 (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 15, p. 249) recorded specimens from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Dr. J. A. Allen in 1911 considered these as probably identical with C. personata from Venezuela.
The almost total lack of a transverse fleshy ridge on the muzzle behind the nose is a character, so far as known, peculiar to C. macleayti and its races; and, together with the form of the nose pad, it would be a good clue to possible relationship, should a continental species be found in which these structures are similar.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.
Figure 1. Nose pad of Chilonycteris torrei, X 4.5. Figure 2. Nose pad of Chilonycteris macleayti, X 4.5.
Figure 3. Ear of C. torrei, to show its narrowness and the denticles on the inner margin, X 3.5.
Figure 4. Har of C. macleayit, X 3.5.
yas ©
Frsruary 10, 1916 Vou. VI, pp. 9-18
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
FOUR NEW AND INTERESTING ANTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS OF BORNEO AND LUZON.
BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER.
For some time specimens of ants from Borneo, the Philippines and other East Indian ‘islands have been accumulating in my collection. Among these are four species belonging to rare and archaic genera, and although they are represented by single speci- mens, it seems advisable to describe and figure them by them- selves, as pressure of other work may greatly delay publication of the entire collection. The first species described below, Metapone bakeri, belongs to an extraordinary, recently discovered East Indian and Australian genus, which in certain respects is inter- mediate between two great subfamilies, the Ponerine and Myrmi- cine, although it has now been assigned to a special tribe of the latter. The second species, Dilobocondyla borneénsis, belongs to a small and imperfectly known group of rare ants allied to Atopo- myrmex. 'The third ant, Myrmoteras donisthorpei, is of peculiar interest because it is the unknown female of a singular genus founded many years ago by Forel on worker specimens of another species, taken in Burma by the late Col. C. F. Bingham. These ants, though very highly specialized, are evidently very rare sur- vivors of an ancient, probably Mesozoic, fauna. The fourth
t
10 WHEELER — ANTS FROM BORNEO AND Luzon [PQuP¥iO
species, Dimorphomyrmex luzonensis, is also a very ancient form. The genus is known from two species in the Baltic Amber (Lower Oligocene) and a single extant species from Borneo. The female of the genus, however, was previously unknown.
Metapone bakeri sp. nov.
Figure 1.
Female. Length 6.4 mm.
Head subrectangular, longer than broad, distinctly broader behind than in front, with scarcely concave posterior border, rounded posterior corners and rather convex cheeks. Eyes large, feebly convex, their anterior
Figure 1.— Melapone bakeri sp. nov. a, Female in profile: 6, head of same, dorsal view; c, petiole and postpetiole, dorsal view.
orbits at the median transverse diameter of the head; ocelli rather small. Mandibles moderately convex, with abruptly bent tips, the apical border with four subequal, acute teeth and a rounded basal lobe. Clypeus convex,
—S j
a <i
2
Feb. ar] 1916
WHEELER — ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON 11 its median lobe projecting, straight in the middle, with a blunt tooth-like projection on each side, not separated behind by a suture from the head. Frontal carinze overarching well-developed scrobes for the accommodation of the antenne as in the other species of the genus, continued anteriorly into sharp lateral expansions of the clypeus. Though deep above, the scrobes become broad and much shallower ventrally, where they pass over into the cheeks without ventral bounding ridges. Antenne inserted under the dorsal borders of the scrobes at about their middle, much flat- tened, 11-jointed; the scape very short, elliptical, a little more than twice as long as broad and extending only to about the middle of the dorsal orbit. First funicular joint a little more than one and one-half times as long as broad; joints 2-6 much broader than long, seventh joint relatively longer, joints 8-10 forming a very distinct club, the eighth and ninth subequal and each nearly as long as broad, together as long as the broadly elliptical terminal joint. Thorax narrower than the head, very long, nearly three times as long as high, broadest in the region of the insertion of the fore wings, its sides submarginate above; pronotum with subangular humeri, broader than long, separated by a pronounced suture from the mesonotum, which together with the scutellum is broadly elliptical and longer than broad; epinotum subcuboidal, with parallel sides, longer than broad, its base in profile feebly and evenly convex, longer than the perpendicular and inferiorly concave declivity into which it passes through a rounded but abrupt angle. Petiole seen from above narrower than the epinotum, a little longer than broad, broader behind than in front, with marginate an- terior, lateral and posterior borders, the anterior and lateral borders straight, the posterior deeply and somewhat angularly excised in the middle, so that the segment has two large, flat, posteriorly directed tooth-like projections; in profile the petiole is anvil-shaped, fully one and one half times as high as long, with the sides decidedly concave as are also the anterior and posterior surfaces. Its upper surface is horizontal, its ventral surface with two large, blunt, angular projections. Postpetiole from above transversely elliptical, broader than the petiole and nearly twice as broad as long, its anterior and lateral borders convex and evenly rounded, its anterior and lateral surfaces abrupt, its posterior border straight; in profile it is sub- triangular, with straight dorsal and short ventral surface, provided with a blunt projection in front and a small tooth behind. Gaster rather small, suboblong, with rounded anterior border and feebly convex, subparallel sides. Sting well developed but slender. Legs short, the femora broad and elliptical, distinctly compressed. ‘Tips of tibie and metatarsi of the middle and hind legs with spurs and a circlet of teeth, much as in the other species of the genus. Wings rather short, with closed marginal cell, a single cubital and a well-developed discal cell. Apterostigma rather large.
Extremely smooth and shining throughout, with sparse, very inconspicu- ous, piligerous punctures on the upper surface; posterior portion of anten- nal scrobes densely, longitudinally striated.
12 WHEELER — ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON [En ae
Hairs whitish, short, sparse, erect, nearly lacking on the pleure, most conspicuous on the gaster and legs.
Black; mandibles tinged with red; antennz, fore legs, tibie, tarsi and tips and bases of femora of the middle and hind pairs, reddish castaneous; wings feebly infuscated, especially along the anteroapical margin; veins resin-colored; apterostigma dark brown.
Described from a single specimen taken by Prof. C. F. Baker on Mt. Banahao, Luzon Island, Philippines.
The genus Metapone was founded in 1911 by Forel on a species (M. greeni) from Peradenyia, Ceylon. As the types were taken by Mr. E. E. Green “from galleries in a decayed branch, which was also infested by two species of termites,’ Forel concluded that Metapone must be termitophagous. In 1913 he described a second species (M. sauteri) from a female taken by H. Sauter at Yokutsu, Formosa, and in 1915 a third species (M. mjébergi) taken by Dr. E. Mjéberg at Malanda, Queensland. The Museum of South Aus- tralia has recently sent me several worker and female specimens of this last species taken by Mr. A. M. Lea on Mt. Tambourine, Queensland, and at Dorrigo, New South Wales. All of these species differ from M. bakeri in several characters, such as the shape of the head, petiole and postpetiole, and in color and sculpture. They are all dark brown, much less shining, and have the head and thorax longitudinally striated. It thus appears that the genus Metapone, though only recently brought to light, has a wide dis- tribution in the Indomalayan and Australian regions and comprises at least four species.
Dilobocondyla borneénsis sp. nov.
Figure 2.
Worker. Length 4.5 mm.
Head, excluding the mandibles, a little longer than broad, subrectangular, slightly broader behind than in front, with acutely pointed posterior corners, broadly excavated posterior borders and nearly straight sides. Eyes moderately large and convex, at the middle of the sides of the head. Man- dibles convex, 6-toothed. Clypeus rather flat, abruptly descending, with a median and on each side three lateral ridges, which are scarcely more than longitudinal ruge; the anterior border distinctly notched in the
Feb. | 1916
WHEELER — ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON 13 middle and on each side. Frontal area indistinct; frontal carine long, diverging behind and bordering distinct antennal scrobes. These and the carine, though as long as the antennal scapes, do not reach the posterior corners of the head. Antenne 12-jointed; scapes reaching a little behind the eyes; funiculi with a very distinct 3-jointed club, the first joint of which is longer than the second, the first and second together equal to the termi- nal joint; the first and eighth joints of the remainder of the funiculus as long as broad, the intermediate joints distinctly transverse. Thorax narrower than the head, broadest through the pronotum, which has acute humeral angles and is feebly and evenly convex above. In front it rises abruptly from the neck, and is sharply marginate anteriorly and down each side to the insertions of the fore coxe. There is a very distinct meso- epinotal constriction, and the epinotum is small and unarmed,
rounded in profile, without dis- eet tinct base and declivity and with- A
out lamellate metasternal angles. Petiole cylindrical, seen from above nearly twice as long as broad, with straight parallel sides, in profile without a node, slightly convex above, its ventral surface
in front with a stout tooth. Post- Figure 2.— Dilobocondyla borneensis sp. petiole about one and one third nov. Head and pronotum of worker in times as long as broad, slightly profile.
broader than the petiole, broader
behind than in front, with a distinct node above, highest posteriorly. Gaster nearly circular, flattened dorso-ventrally, formed almost entirely of the first segment. Femora and tibie strongly incrassated.
Somewhat shining; mandibles very coarsely and densely rugose; head between the frontal carinze with ten coarse, equidistant, longitudinal ruge, the spaces between which on the front are opaque and densely punctate, behind traversed by cross-ruge. Posterior corners, sides and ventral surface of head very coarsely reticulate-rugose, with shining spaces between the rugee. Antennal scrobes in front with three transverse ruge, behind densely punctate. Thorax, petiole and postpetiole very coarsely reticu- late-rugose, like the back of the head; mesopleure and sides of the epi- notum coarsely longitudinally rugose. Gaster and fore coxe subopaque, densely punctate, the former also with short radiating ruge at the extreme base. Legs shining, the femora with small, scattered, piligerous punctures, the tibiz very finely longitudinally striated.
Whole body covered with erect, delicate but blunt, whitish hairs; pu- bescence absent.
Brownish black; mandibles, except their teeth, antennal scapes, base of funiculi, trochanters and terminal tarsal joints, reddish brown.
14 WHEELER— ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON F SOE
Described from a single specimen taken by Mr. John Hewitt on Bongo Mountain, Sarawak, Borneo.
This species seems to be very close to the type of the genus, D. selebensis Emery of Celebes, which, however, is based on a female specimen. It differs from the worker of borneénsis in having the antennal scrobes extending to the posterior corners of the head, the antennal clava very indistinct and with the penultimate longer than the antepenultimate joint, and in lacking the ventral tooth of the petiole. From the other known species, D. fouqueti Santschi of Tonkin, the Bornean species differs in color and sculpture, in the shorter antennal scrobe, convex epinotal declivity, ete.
Myrmoteras donisthorpei sp. nov.
Figure 3.
Female. Length 4.2 mm.
Head large, including the eyes and excluding the mandibles, as long as broad, rather convex above, its short occipital portion about half as broad as the diameter through the eyes, separated from the higher anterior portion by a deep transverse groove; posterior corners of anterior portion prominent and angular. Eyes very large and convex, reniform; cheeks very short; ocelli very small. Mandibles much longer than the head, linear, parallel, flattened, their outer margins very feebly convex, their inner margins straight, dentate throughout, each mandible bearing four- teen teeth. The teeth on the basal two thirds of the margin are small, equidistant, gradually increasing in length distally towards the apical third which bears four long, equidistant teeth, alternating with small teeth, the penultimate tooth being acute and very small. Clypeus as long as broad, flattened and bilobed in front, convex and subcarinate behind in the middle. Frontal area distinct, triangular; frontal groove pro- nounced as far back as the anterior ocellus; frontal carinz small, vesti- gial, far apart. Antenns very slender, 12-jointed; scapes extending fully one fourth their length beyond the posterior border of the head; funi- culi filiform, not enlarged at the tip, all the joimts more than twice as long as broad; terminal joint slightly longer than the two preceding joints together. Thorax small, much narrower than the head; mesonotum con- vex in front, rising well above the pronotum, flattened behind, about as long as broad; epinotum as long as broad, in profile higher than long, its base and declivity subequal, meeting at a rounded obtuse angle. Petiole
Feb. “al 1916
WHEELER— ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON 15 from above longer than broad, with the node situated at its middle, trans- verse, bluntly rounded above, somewhat compressed anteroposteriorly, its anterior surface in profile perpendicular, its posterior surface more sloping. Gaster small, broadly and regularly elliptical, formed very largely of the first segment (but not quite so large as in the figure). Legs long and slender, middle and hind tibiz peculiarly incrassated and fusi- form, attenuated basally. Wings short and rather narrow; anterior pair
Figure 3.— Myrmoleras donisthorpei sp. nov. a, Female, dorsal view; 6, petiole of same in profile.
with the radial cell closed, one cubital and a small discal cell, and the distal segment of the cubital vein absent except at its origin. Hind wings with much reduced venation.
Surface of body shining; mandibles smooth and impunctate; head, ex- cept the occiput, finely and densely rugulose, the rugze on the front longitu- dinal. Thorax more cr less rugulose, the pronotum finely and transversely, the base of the epinotum coarsely and transversely, the mesopleure finely and longitudinally, the mesonotum finely and obscurely longitudinally, punctate-rugulose. Petiole, gaster and legs smooth and shining.
Hairs white, delicate, rather long, sparse, erect, evenly distributed on the body, legs and scapes.
16 WHEELER— ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON [Pe
Castaneous; head somewhat paler and more reddish; mandibles and femora honey-yellow; antenne, fore tibix, tarsi and tips of femora yellow- ish brown, the dilated middle and hind tibize darker brown. Wings brown- ish hyaline, with brown veins and apterostigma.
Described from a single specimen taken by Mr. G. E. Bryant on Mt. Matang, West Sarawak, Borneo, and sent me by my friend Mr. Horace Donisthorpe.
This species is very distinct from the only other known member of the genus, M. binghami. Forel from the Thaungyin Valley, Tenasserim, as I find by comparison with a cotype kindly given me by Prof. Forel several years ago. The Bornean specimen can hardly be the hitherto unknown female of binghamz, as the worker of the latter is larger (5 mm.), has only eleven mandibular teeth, with two minute denticles between the penultimate and terminal long teeth, the legs are decidedly longer, the middle and hind tibize are much less incrassated, the clypeus is of a very different shape, the surface of the body is much smoother and the color much paler.
Dimorphomyrmex luzonensis sp. nov.
Figure 4.
Female. Length about 8.5 mm.
Body slender; head oblong, excluding the mandibles, a little more than one and one half times as long as broad, as broad in front as behind, but distinctly narrowed in the middle, with nearly straight posterior border and convex cheeks; in profile nearly two and one half times as long as high, flattened above and below. Mandibles convex above and on the sides, with six coarse teeth. Clypeus broad, extending to the lateral borders of the head, with a flat median and two convex lateral portions; the former not projecting as far forward as the latter. Frontal area and groove dis- tinct, the former large and triangular, the latter extending to the anterior ocellus. Frontal carine straight, diverging behind, more than twice as far apart as the distance of each from the lateral border of the head, and extending to the middle of the anterior orbits. Eyes large, nearly one third as long as the head, a little further from the anterior border of the clypeus than from the occipital border of the head, subelliptical, with slightly concave medial and convex lateral orbits. Ocelli well developed, situated very far forward so that the posterior pair are nearly on a line connecting
Pep 4°] = WHEELER— ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON 17
1916
the posterior ends of the compound eyes. Antenne small, 10-jointed; scapes distinctly dilated and flattened at their tips, which reach to about the posterior third of the eyes; first funicular joint about twice as long as broad, joints 2-8 slightly longer than broad, terminal joint twice as long as broad (slightly longer and more pointed than in the figure). Thorax elongate elliptical, nearly two and one half times as long as broad, flattened above; pronotum broader than long, mesonotum as long as broad, the promesonotal suture semicircular. Epinotum long and low, with indistinet
=
Yt
NY
Figure 4.— Dimorphomyrmezx luzonensis sp. nov. a, Female, in profile; b, head of same, dorsal! view.
base and declivity, the former longer and passing over into the latter very gradually. Petiole scarcely broader than long, much narrower than the epinotum, the node very thick, low and evenly convex and rounded above. Gaster more than twice as long as broad, somewhat compressed dorso- ventrally. Legs short and stout; femora broad, slightly compressed; middle and hind tibiz with very short spurs. Claws of tarsi well developed. Fore wings with a closed radial cell, a single cubital and small but well developed discal cell and a large apterostigma.
18 WHEELER — ANTS FROM BORNEO AND LUZON [PGES
Surface smooth and shining; mandibles covered with coarse, elongate punctures; median portion of clypeus, cheeks and front longitudinally striated. Thorax very delicately, gaster a little more coarsely, shagreened and covered with minute, scattered punctures.
Hairs yellowish, very short, almost lacking on the body, except on the venter; abundant, stiff and blunt on the mandibles, clypeus and cheeks; tibize with minute, dilute appressed hairs or pubescence.
Yellow; mandibles, a round spot on the ocellar region, a transverse, crescentic blotch occupying the dise of the pronotum, and each of the gastric segments, except its basal and apical border, castaneous. Wings uniformly tinged with brownish yellow, with clear, brown veins and aptero- stigma.
Described from a single specimen taken by Prof. C. F. Baker on Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island, Philippines.
The three previously known species of Dimorphomyrmez, viz. D. theryi Emery and mayri Wheeler of the Baltic Amber and D. janeti Ern. André of Borneo, are known only from worker speci- mens. These have 8-jointed antenne. Although the female above described has 10-jointed antenne, I believe that it must belong to the same genus. We should, in fact, expect the worker and female of Dimorphomyrmez to differ in the number of antennal joints, especially as André found nine joints in one of his specimens of D. janeti. It is even possible that D. luzonensis may be the female of André’s species. The shape of the body and the peculiar sculpture and pilosity of the anterior portion of the head in this phase, so like the conditions in certain species of Colobopsis and Aphomomyrmex, indicate very clearly that the colonies of Dimor- phomyrmex are small and inhabit hollow twigs. Collectors in Borneo and the Philippines should make diligent search in these objects for the missing phases of the two surviving species of this singular archaic genus.
\iaa's =
4
Marcz 8, 1916 Vot. VI, pp. 19-22
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NEW AMPHIBIANS AND A NEW REPTILE FROM SARAWAK.
BY THOMAS BARBOUR AND GLADWYN KINGSLEY NOBLE.
Frew Americans have journeyed as extensively and intelligently in Upper Borneo as has Prof. Harrison W. Smith (Harvard, 1895). A facile knowledge of the Malay and Dyak idioms and the friend- ship and respect of European residents, have made him a welcome sojourner in the land, and he would, we are sure, have us convey his thanks for many courtesies to His Highness The Radja, to Capt. J. C. Moulton, formerly Curator of the Kuching Museum but now with his regiment in India, and to many other helpful friends. A few years ago (1912) Smith returned with a beautifully preserved collection containing, among others, such rarities as Lanthanotus, Calophrynus, and Microhyla leucostigma, but because of his plans to return again to Borneo no report was made upon the material. This year he has given to the Museum of Compara- tive Zoélogy, besides an excellent series of mammals, birds and insects, a far larger collection of reptiles and amphibians taken principally in the zodlogically wholly unknown region about the Limbang and Madalam River districts and near Mount Mulu in northern central Sarawak. Since during the last few years Borneo
20 BARBOUR AND NOBLE — NEW FROGS AND A NEW LIZARD |? ye4j-
has become a really well-known area zodlogically, we do not offer a list of all Smith’s booty, but confine ourselves to description of the new forms. The discovery of another new genus of Dysco- phiid frogs is in a way perhaps not surprising, but it is a striking suggestion of the fact that there are possibly a host of these beauti- ful but retiring creatures still to be found in the East Indies. It is worth while drawing attention to the rarity in museums of specimens of the Dyscophiid genera already known. ‘The little Calliglutus described here is one of the most lovely and delicately colored amphibians which has yet been found.
Calliglutus! gen. nov. Dyscophiidarum.
Pupil round (but possibly only dilated from the horizontal); tongue large, oval, entire and free behind, slightly recurved on its posterior margin, but not forming a definite pocket as in the genus Calpoglossus (Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, 13, 1904, p. 42, pl. 11); palatine teeth forming a long transverse series, very narrowly interrupted in the middle; tympanum hidden; fingers free; toes slightly webbed at the base, the tips not dilated; coracoids strong; precoracoids and clavicles absent, no omosternum, metasternum bilobate (see figure 1); sa- cral diapophyses moderately dilated.
This genus is closely related to Colpoglossus, Boul. (loc. cit.), from which it differs in the form of its pupil, tongue and pectoral girdle.
Figure 1.
Calliglutus smithi sp. nov.
Type, no. 3797, Museum of Comparative Zodélogy, from the Limbang River district, northern central Sarawak, Borneo, between January and March, 1915, H. W. Smith. Paratype, M. C. Z., no. 3798.
Description of the type-— Habit very stout; snout rounded, depressed; no definite canthus rostralis; nostrils almost on the end of the snout; eyes converging anteriorly, the interorbital space anteriorly about three
1 xaos beautiful, yAourds rump.
March 8
i916 | BARBOUR AND NOBLE — NEW FROGS AND A NEW LIZARD 21
times the width of the upper eyelids; fingers short, not dilated, first shorter
than the second; subarticular tubercles only slightly enlarged; no metacarpal tubercles; toes short, slightly dilated, with a very short basal web, (see figure 2), subarticular tubercles slightly distinct, a large inner metatarsal tubercle; the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the anterior border of the eye; skin of the entire body smooth.
Color.— Ground color above, dark brownish gray; symmetrically marked on each side with a curious design of black blotches, each blotch edged with pink- ish; the most striking features being the black marks on the tympanic and femoral regions and the sealing- wax red -shaped spot just above the anus; sides and throat region washed with light brown and stippled with white; belly and thighs white.
Remarks.— Two specimens, both adults, were secured. Smith tells us that when one of his
Figure 2.
Dyak helpers caught these two frogs he was greatly excited and
said that he had never seen anything like them before.
He caught
them in a hole under either a stone or a fallen tree trunk, but of
the exact situation Prof. Smith is not sure.
Rana laterimaculata sp. nov.
Type, no. 3811, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, from Sadong, Sarawak, Borneo, collected by Prof. Harrison W. Smith in 1912.
Description of the type— Vomerine teeth in two small oblique groups, converging posteriorly and not extending behind the posterior margin of the choanae; anterior end of each series very slightly posterior to the anterior margin of a choana; posterior ends of the series separated from each other by a distance slightly greater than the diameter of one of the choanae; nostrils much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; interorbital space slightly greater than upper eyelid; snout concave above, canthus rostralis distinct but rounded, loreal region very concave; tympanum circular, over one half the diameter of the eye, its distance from the latter not over one third of its own diameter; fingers long and tapering, not expanded distally, first extending far beyond the second; toes almost free, long, slender,
Figure 3.
with very small web (see figure 3); outer metatarsal tubercle oblong, equal
22 BARBOUR AND NOBLE — NEW FROGS AND A NEW LIZARD [Pa
in length to the inner; tibio-tarsal articulations reach tip of snout when hind limbs are bent forward; and overlap considerably when they are bent at right angles to axis of body; skin shagreened above, with numerous slightly enlarged tubercles scattered over the whole dorsum; no glandular ridges nor dorso-lateral fold; skin underneath wholly smooth except on posterior aspects of the thighs, where it is finely granular.
Color.— Light umber above, with indistinct darker marblings; tym- panum almost black; very dark brown spots on the sides; anterior aspects of thighs spotted; a narrow light line along upper lip from posterior border of tympanum to beneath the centre of the eye; lower lip dark brown with a few light spots; lower surfaces uniform dirty yellowish brown.
Dasia moultonii sp. nov.
Type, no. 11,203, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, from Sadong, Sara- wak, Borneo, collected by Prof. Harrison W. Smith in 1912.
Description of type.— Rostral large, separated from the frontonasal, the portion visible from above nearly as large as the latter shield; a pair of supranasals in broad contact with each other; nostril in the center of a single shield, nearly dividing it; a very small postnasal; frontonasal sepa- rated from the frontal, broader than long; prefrontals hexagonal, in con- tact with each other; anterior loreal in contact with the second supra- labial, supranasal, frontonasal and prefrontal; frontal about as long as its distance from the tip of the snout, slightly shorter than the length of the frontoparietals and interparietals together, in contact with the first, second and third supraoculars; four supraoculars, none greatly enlarged; a pair of frontoparietals, together equaling about the area of the interparietal; a pair of large parietals (these are the largest scales on the top of the head); parietals separated from each other by the interparietal, not in contact behind it; a single pair of nuchals; lower eyelid scaly; five supra- labials, second or third largest; three slightly enlarged temporals on each side, ear opening very small, anterior part concealed by a small lobe; 30 seales around the middle of the body, dorsals and laterals with three very strong keels; preanals scarcely enlarged, the middle one largest; hind limb stretched forward reaches the elbow, hind limb contained slightly more than twice in the distance between the snout and vent; digits flattened at the base, the distal part compressed; 17 lamellae under the longest toe; tail cylindrical and pointed.
Color.— Ground color gray-brown, lighter below; a series of dark brown cross-bands at regular intervals, starting behind the head and covering the rest of the upper surface; under part of the body not marked by these cross-bands, the under part of the tail faintly marked.
Named in honor of J. C. Moulton, Esq., a kind friend to Prof. Smith and, through him, to the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy.
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Marcu 29, 1916 Von. VinPs 23
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
THE SMALLER MOCKINGBIRD OF THE NORTHERN BAHAMAS.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
Tue smaller mockingbird of the more northern Bahama Islands, has almost universally been referred to the continental Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linn.). Ridgway, however, in ‘Birds of North and Middle America,’ pointed out that it was somewhat different, though he did not name it. The form seems to me to be perfectly distinct, and the two Bahama skins in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy cannot be matched by any individual in an enormously long series of skins from the continent.
The bird is not uncommon in several of the northern islands, especially Andros and Abaco, but it is said to be very shy and difficult to secure, and there are but few specimens in collections.
Mimus polyglottos delenificus subsp. nov.
Type, from Mastic Point, Andros Island, adult <7, no. 68,495, M. C. Z., collected April 24, 1915, by C. J. Maynard.
Characters — Similar to Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (Linn.), but underparts much whiter; breast, belly and throat white; chest very slightly suffused with grayish; ear coverts and sides of face paler and grayer — grayish white. Similar also to Mimus polyglottos elegans Sharpe of Inagua, but at once distinguished by having the inner web of third rectrix mostly dusky, as in M. polyglottos polyglottos.
Measurements.— No. 68,495, adult &, Andros: wing, 110; tail, 112; tarsus, 31.5; culmen, 18 mm. No. 14,977 (Bangs Collection), adult <7, Little Abaco: wing, 113; tail, 120; tarsus, 31; culmen, 20 mm.
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June 28, 1916 j Vout. VI, pp. 25-27
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
TWO UNDESCRIBED BIRDS FROM THE FALKLAND ISLANDS.
BY WINTHROP SPRAGUE BROOKS.
AFTER studying the collections made on the Falkland Islands from October, 1915, to March, 1916, by the John C. Phillips Expe- dition to the Falkland Islands, it has seemed advisable to describe the following two birds as distinct.
Phrygilus malvinarum sp. nov.
Type.— Unsexed immature specimen in first autumn plumage, no. 70438, coll. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. Port Stephens, West Falkland Island, Falkland Islands, collected February 1, 1916, by W. S. Brooks. Orig. no. 1330, Phillips Expedition to Falkland Islands.
Characters— No yellow in the plumage. General color above dark brown, irregularly streaked with cinnamon, the feathers having dark brown centers with broad cinnamon margins, this color becoming more intense and the margin more narrow toward the tips of the feathers. On the rump the color is more rufous in appearance, the dark brown centers of the feathers becoming smaller; lesser wing-coverts fuscous with whitish mar-
26 BROOKS — FALKLAND ISLAND BIRDS
gins; median and greater wing-coverts similar; primaries and secondaries similar, but white margins very narrow, and the inner secondaries having a slight cinnamon tinge to the margins; two outer tail-feathers white except a narrow fuscous area along quills and basal half of the inner web; the two feathers next to these have narrow white margins and small white areas at the tips of the inner webs; the rest of the tail-feathers are fuscous with narrow white margins, widest on the outer webs; crown of head dark brown (this is the last trace of the postnatal plumage); on the lores, about the base of the bill and sides of the crown, the juvenal plumage can be seen, these feathers being dark brown with pale sandy-buff edges, the same coloration appearing on the ear-coverts; throat and breast, sides and flanks, light buff heavily streaked with dark brown, leaving the belly white tinged with a wash of buff; under tail-coverts white. Second, third, and fourth primaries emarginate. Measurements.— Type: wing, 94; tarsus, 21; culmen, 13 mm.
I have placed this new form provisionally in the above genus. Eventually a series of adults may show that it belongs elsewhere.
This single immature specimen is the only finch that was taken besides Phrygilus melanoderus (Quoy & Gaim.), though I was constantly on the alert for Phrygilus xanthogrammus (Gray).
Anthus phillipsi sp. nov.
A series of forty-one pipits was secured on the Falkland Islands. They show sufficient differences from other members of the genus to justify their separation into a distinct insular race.
It is with keen pleasure that I dedicate this new species to Dr. John C. Phillips, under whose generous auspices I had the pleasure of studying the birds of the Falkland Islands.
Type.— Adult male, no. 70,390 Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. Port Stanley, East Falkland Island, Falkland Islands, collected October 30, 1915, by W. 8S. Brooks. Orig. no. 1037, Phillips Expedition to the Falk- land Islands.
Characters.— Averaging decidedly larger throughout than A. correndera Vieillot, but similar in coloration except that the breast is less heavily spotted and the black lines along sides of the throat are less conspicuous.
June | 1916
BROOKS — FALKLAND ISLAND BIRDS Zh The back in phillipsi also averages slightly less dark in color. The second, third and fourth primaries are emarginate.
Measurements— Type, adult male: wing, 81; tail, 61; tarsus, 23; cul- men, 13 mm.
Below are the measurements in millimeters of eight adult males from the Falkland Islands. The measurements of the females are similar, but smaller.
M. C. Z. no. Orig. no. Wing Tail Tarsus Culmen Ad. o 70,391 1284 82.0 62.0 24.0 12.0 Ad. o& 70,392 1200 2.5 62.5 24.0 12.5 Ad. o 70,393 1282 82.0 61.0 24.0 12.5 Ad. & 70,394 1021 82.0 O9ED 25.0 12.5 Ad. of 70,395 1239 80.0 60.5 24.5 120 Ad. co 70,396 1022 80.0 60.5 23.5 12.0 Ad. & 70,397 1023 80.5 61.0 23.5 PALS Ad. o& 70,398 1278 80.5 61.0 24.5 13.0
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OcToBER 18, 1916 Vout. VI, pp. 29-35
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
TWO NEW ANTS FROM TEXAS AND ARIZONA.
BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER.
Tue two peculiar Myrmicine ants described in the following pages, like so many other species of the same genera, are properly neotropical, but as they were taken within our boundaries, we must include them in the fauna of the United States. The Phezdole has evidently strayed from the tierra caliente of Eastern Mexico, the Cryptocerus from the Mexican highlands. The former is most closely related to a species known only from Guatemala and Costa Rica, the latter to one known only from the State of Morelos.
Pheidole ridicula sp. nov.
Soldier (fig.1,aandb). Length about 5 mm.
Closely related to Ph. absurda Forel. Head very large (nearly 2.5 mm. long), one and one half times as long as broad, distinctly broader at the anterior border than behind, with concave cheeks, straight sides, deeply and angularly excised posterior border, flattened dorsal and slightly convex gular surface. Mentum without teeth. Occipital groove deep, continued forward nearly to the frontal area and terminating in a small ocellus-like pit. Eyes small, rather flat, a little behind the anterior fifth of the head. Mandibles very convex. Clypeus very short, ecarinate,
a
30 WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS bee
flattened, its anterior border very feebly and broadly sinuate in the middle. Frontal area rather deep, triangular, with a median carinula. Frontal carinz short, subparallel. Antenne very short, the scapes reaching the lateral borders of the head a little behind the eyes, funicular joints 2-8 distinctly longer than broad, club shorter than the remainder of the funi- culus. Thorax small, through the pronotum about half as broad as the
Figure 1.—a, Pheidole ridicula sp. nov., soldier in profile; 6, head of same from above; c, Pheidole absurda Forel, head of soldier from above.
head. The pronotum is feebly convex and sloping in front, straight and transverse above, with rather prominent but rounded humeri and perpen- dicular sides. Promesonotal suture distinct, somewhat impressed on each side. Mesonotum sloping, straight in profile, without torus or transverse impression, behind more abruptly falling to the deep and rather broad
mia | WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS 31
mesoépinotal constriction. Epinotum small, as long as broad, a litle more than two thirds as broad as the pronotum, with two small, slender, erect, pointed spines, about as long as broad at their bases, and directed upward and outward but not backward. The surface between them is concave and sloping, without a distinct angle between the epinotal base and declivity, bordered laterally by sharp ridges which run into the bases of the spines posteriorly. Petiole less than one and one half times as long as broad, slightly broader behind than in front, with rather straight sides. The node is entire and rather blunt at the summit, and in profile has a long, concave anterior, and short, abrupt posterior, slope. Postpetiole nearly one and one half times as broad as the petiole, and about one and one half times as broad as long, with bluntly angular sides. Gaster much smaller than the head, broadly elliptical, somewhat flattened. Legs rather long, femora somewhat incrassated.
Smooth and shining, covered with sparse, piligerous punctures, which are most distinct on the head. Posterior border of clypeus, antennal fovese and space between the frontal carinz, finely and sharply longitudinally rugose. Mesonotum behind, epinotum and petiole, more opaque and finely punctate, rugulose-punctate on the sides.
Hairs fulvous, erect, rather long, uneven, pointed, moderately abundant, covering the whole body, the legs and antenne, longest on the thorax, pedicel and gaster. Pubescence absent.
Brownish ferruginous; head paler and more reddish; mandibles, cly- peus, frontal area, gaster and a very faint cloud on the middle of the head, reddish castaneous; legs more yellowish; antennal scapes not darker than the funicull.
Described from a single specimen taken by Mr. C. L. Scott at Browns- ville, Texas. I have also seen two soldiers of this species from San Diego, Texas, in the Pergande Collection of the U.S. National Museum.
This species is easily distinguished from Ph. absurda Forel of Central America by its somewhat smaller size, by the shape of the head (compare fig. 1, 6 and ce) and pronotum. In absurda the upper surface of the pronotum, when seen from the front, is not straight and transverse but convex and rounded. This form also has blunt but distinct teeth on the mentum, the gula is more con- vex, the petiolar node is distinctly sharper and more compressed antero-posteriorly, the sides of the postpetiole are more rounded, the epinotal spines are longer, blunter and more erect, that is, less deflected laterally, the antennal scapes are black, and the body, and especially the gaster, are much paler and more yellowish. None of these differences is, perhaps, great enough to prevent one from
Paes ZC.
32 WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS Vol. VI
regarding ridicula as an extreme subspecies of absurda. I have compared the new form with a paratype of absurda, kindly given me by Prof. Emery, and with numerous specimens of the same species which I took some years ago in the neighborhood of Cartago, Costa Rica. The nests of these ants were under flat stones in rather moist, clayey soil, and contained numerous garnered seeds of her- baceous plants, showing that absurda is a harvester. The habits of Ph. ridicula are undoubtedly the same.
Cryptocerus (Cyathocephalus) rohweri sp. nov.
Soldier (fig. 2, a). Length 6 mm.
Closely related to C. wheeleri Forel. Head as broad as long, with rec- tangular posterior corners, and surmounted, as in other members of the subgenus, by a broadly subcordate, saucer-shaped structure, with emargi- nated anterior margin and rather flat floor, feebly convex in the middle. Thorax through the pronotum as broad as the head, a little longer than broad, the pronotum with acute, subdentate anterior corners and a pro- nounced transverse ridge or crest, indistinctly interrupted in the middle, the lateral borders crenate, converging behind and not angularly pro- duced in front of the mesonotum. Promesonotal suture distinct. Sides of mesonotum rounded and convex, but not angulated. Mesoépinotal suture distinct. Epinotal spines longer than broad at the base, rather acute; epinotal declivity rather abrupt, longer than the base and feebly concave. Petiole a little broader than long, each side near the middle with a straight, acute, backwardly and outwardly directed spine. Postpetiole distinctly broader than the petiole, about twice as broad as long, laterally and anteriorly with a pair of straight spines as long as those on the petiole and with a similar direction. Gaster oblong-elliptical, with concave ante- rior border and without dilated anterolateral ridges or margins.
Opaque; mandibles densely punctate-rugulose; head, thorax and pedicel densely punctate or granulated, the concavity of the cephalic saucer some- what shining and with the fine punctures less dense, covered with round foveole, except on the sides and declivity of the epinotum and parts of the mesopleure. These foveole, which are distinctly shining, are smaller and denser on the petiole and postpetiole, larger and uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the head and thorax. Gaster very opaque, densely granulated, at the base also finely, longitudinally rugulose and with a few elongate, shallow foveole. Venter also longitudinally rugulose on its
Oct. |
1916 WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS 33
anterior half. Legs slightly shining, finely and densely punctate and with large, scattered piligerous punctures.
Hairs sparse, short, obtuse and silvery white, absent on the concavity of the cephalic saucer and almost absent on the upper surface of the gaster. Only the foveole on the base of the epinotum, and on the upper surface of the petiole and postpetiole, contain short appressed hairs. Hairs on the legs sparse, erect, similar to those on the body but a little longer.
Figure 2.— a, Cryptocerus rohweri sp. noy.. soldier, dorsal view; 6, worker of same; ce, Cryptocerus wheeleri Forel. soldier; d. worker of same.
Black; anterior border of cephalic saucer scarcely translucent, dull red- dish; extreme tips of antennz, knees and terminal tarsal joints, of the same color.
Worker (fig. 2, b). Length 4.3 mm.
Head trapezoidal, rather flat above, with the horizontally expanded frontal carine rounded in front and very thick, so that they are only slightly translucent, the posterior corners bluntly angular, the posterior margin
poe Vol. VI
34 WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS nearly straight. Clypeus distinct, subtriangular. Thorax narrower than the head, longer than broad, broadest through the pronotum, flattened above, without pronotal crest, with distinct promesonotal and very indis- tinct mesoépinotal sutures. Each side of the pronotum bears a pair of subequal acute spines in front and a rectangular tooth behind. Epinotum with a pair of spines as long as those at the anterior corners of the pronotum. Petiole and postpetiole similar to those of the soldier but of more nearly equal breadth, and the postpetiole is proportionally longer. Gaster regu- larly elliptical, like that of the soldier, without anterolateral ridges.
Sculpture like that of the soldier, but the foveole on the head and thorax smaller, the thoracic dorsum, mesopleure and sides of epinotum also coarsely longitudinally rugose, and the gaster finely longitudinally rugose over its whole surface.
Erect, obtuse, silvery white hairs more abundant than in the soldier, and present also on the upper surface of the head and gaster. The silvery appressed hairs are longer and more conspicuous, and occur in the foveol over the whole dorsal surface as well as on the petiole and postpetiole.
Color like that of the soldier. The expanded frontal carine are deep reddish, as are also the tips of the antenne, the mandibles, tips of tibixe and the terminal tarsal joints.
Described from two soldiers and two workers received from Mr. S. A. Rohwer. These and a series of cotypes in the National Museum were taken by Mr. Chrisman in Buckman Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Ari- zona. Mr. Rohwer writes me that the ants were found ‘‘in galleries exca- vated at the base of dead limbs and against the green wood of palo verde (Cercidium torreyanum). Mr. Chrisman states that these ants are quite common in that vicinity, always occurring in galleries in this tree.’
C. rohwert can be readily distinguished from C. wheelert, which I found many years ago nesting in epiphytes (Tvllandsia) near Cuernavaca, Mexico, by its somewhat larger size (the soldier of wheelert measures only 5—5.5 mm., the worker only 3.2-3.6 mm.), and by several peculiarities of structure, sculpture, pilosity and color. Most of the structural differences will be apparent from a comparison of the figures (fig. 2, a—d). In the soldier of wheeleri (fig. 2, c) the border of the cephalic saucer is much lower laterally and posteriorly than in rohweri, but the anterior translucent portion is somewhat more extensive, and the top of the head forming the floor of this structure is flattened behind and transversely convex in front. The pronotal crest is more distinctly interrupted in the middle, the surface of the body and especially of the gaster is dis-
Oct. |
en WHEELER — TWO NEW ANTS 35
tinctly smoother and more shining, and the foveole are smaller and sparser on the head, thorax and pedicel. In the worker wheeleri (fig. 2, d), besides the structural differences shown in the figures, the mesoépinotal suture is seen to be obsolete, the expanded frontal carine are larger, thinner and whitish yellow, and the an- tenn, knees, tibis: and tarsi are red. The foveole of the head have appressed silvery hairs like those on the thorax and pedicel, and the erect hairs are much longer and more conspicuous than in the worker rohwert.
Besides C’. rohweri only two species of Cryptocerus are known to cross the southern boundary of the United States, C. varians F. Smith, which occurs on the southern tip of Florida, and C. texanus, recently described by Santschi from Texas, without precise locality. Of this form I have long had specimens taken by Mr. Charles Schaeffer at Brownsville, Texas, but I referred them to C. angulosus Mayr, under which name they are cited in my ant book.
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NOV 24 1016
+e |
NoveMBER 23, 1916. Vou. VI, pe. 37-38
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB I BSS A NEW SWIFT FROM SANTO DOMINGO.
BY JAMES LEE PETERS.
WHILE engaged in studying a collection of birds which I made during the winter and spring of 1916 in Santo Domingo for the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, I have noted certain differences in the large resident collared swift of the Island, that render a separation necessary. The form may therefore be known as
Streptoprocne zonaris melanotis subsp. nov.
Type, no. 70,116, coll. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, adult male, Sostia, Santo Domingo, February 28, 1916, collected by James L. Peters (orig. no. 759).
Similar to Streptoprocne zonaris pallidifrons (Hartert), but auricular and orbital regions and sides of head much blacker, less sooty.
Specimens of Streptoprocne zonaris from the Greater Antilles vary so in size, that I have been unable to establish any differences on that basis.
38 PETERS — SANTO DOMINGO SWIFT
MEASUREMENTS (in millimeters).
M.C.Z. no. Sex Wing Tail Bill Tarsus 70,114 on 207 78 8.3 20.0 70,115 J 189 4 9.0 21.0 70,116 oo (type) 193 74 9.2 20.4 ¢ 70,117 2) 194 68 9.6 21.0
While the series examined in this connection is not large, the much blacker color of the sides of the head in birds from Santo Domingo is very striking, as compared with Cuban and Jamaican birds of the same sex and taken at the same season.
/4, 299
DrcpmBer 5, 1916 Vou. VI, pr. 39-50
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE.
BY BENJAMIN PRESTON CLARK.
Ir is with considerable hesitation that an amateur in entomology ventures to describe what he believes to be new forms in the insect world. One, however, who has been able in middle life to take up seriously the study of but one family of lepidoptera, the Sphingidae, and to fulfil a scientific desire which has remained unsatisfied for over thirty years, has a pardonable keenness of interest in the subject. This leads him to desire to make any contribution how- ever small to the better knowledge of a group, which in its variety and beauty as well as in its wide distribution, is preéminent. Any new observations to be of value should be given permanent form; and it is for this reason that I have wished to preserve the record of several American forms which appear to be new, either specifi- eally or subspecifically.
In this connection I cannot refrain from expressing my great appreciation of the cordial weleome which has been given me by lepidopterists both in this country and abroad. ‘To state my thanks for all the courtesies and kindnesses extended to me would
40 CLARK —NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE gee
be to give a list of my many friends in the entomological world. A few, however, I must speak of. It was due to the encourage- ment first given me by my friends William Schaus, Andrey N. Avinoff, Dr. William Barnes and Dr. J. McDunnough, that I have had the courage to attempt the description of new forms. The officials of all the great American museums have given me every facility in the study of their collections and in the exchange of specimens. I wish to acknowledge the many courtesies of the American Museum, the Brooklyn Institute, the California Acad- emy, the Carnegie Institute, the Field Museum of Chicago, the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy, the National Museum, and the Philadelphia Academy. Especially are my thanks due to Dr. William J. Holland, Dr. Frank E. Lutz, Mr. Frank E. Watson, Mr. Jacob Doll, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, Dr. Henry Skinner, Prof. Charles B. Cory, Mr. William J. Gerhard, and Mr. William C. Wood, all good friends of mine, for their assistance and instruction in many ways where I have needed help.
I am indebted to Rev. A. Miles Moss of Para, Brazil, for the opportunity of knowing something of the larval life of the South American Sphingidae, a subject in which his knowledge is so remarkable. From across the water, Dr. Karl Jordan, Mr. Paul Dognin, and Mr. Charles Oberthur have given me their cordial assistance and have been patient with my ignorance. Any refer- ence to the Sphingidae would be incomplete which did not again say that the lasting thanks of all lepidopterists are due to Dr. Walter Rothschild and Dr. Karl Jordan for their wonderful ‘Re- vision’ of that family, which has placed its classification on the modern scientific basis of structural differences.
It is highly probable that mistakes will be found in my observa- tions; for these I alone am responsible; while for whatever sum total of value and accuracy my descriptions may have, my thanks are due to those who have so greatly helped me. I am only giving an experience which must have been shared by many others when I say that the pleasure of coming to count as friends so many men of rare personal charm, as well as of great scientific knowledge, and of codperating with them to the extent of my ability, has given an added happiness to a pursuit sufficiently fascinating in itself.
wis | CLARK—NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE 41
Protoparce brontes haitiensis subsp. nov. Plate IV, figures 1, 2.
Al. ant. long., o', 45 mm.; 9, 50 mm. Al. ant. lat., #7, 20 mm; 9,22mm. Marg. ext., o, 27 mm.; 9, 29 mm.
Locality.— Port au Prince, Haiti. One male and one female taken by Dr. W. M. Mann in December, 19138, and given to the writer.
This form appears to be intermediate between the Cuban and the Jamaican subspecies, but closer to the latter. It is in size larger than a measured series of P. cubensis, and differing but slightly in this particular from P. brontes. The black lines of the upper side of the fore wing are in both sexes slightly, if at all, more prominent than in brontes, and much less conspicuous than in cubensis, The general tone of the fore wing being darker than in brontes, the effect produced is of a more uniform coloration of the fore wing than in that subspecies. This is especially marked in the male. The post-discal interspace and the streak before SM2, on upper side of fore wing in the male, are in the Haitien form of the same gray color as the rest of the wing, not buff or pinkish buff as in brontes. The mesothoracic tegula in the female is as white as in brontes, but the sub- basal and distal areas of the fore wing above and the anal area of the hind wing, are darker, and closer in tint to cubensis.
More Haitien material would be desirable, but as this is difficult to obtain, it seems worth while to note the differences in the pair in the collection of the writer.
Protoparce afflicta bahamensis subsp. nov. Plate III, figure 2.
Habitat— Nassau, New Providence Island, West Indies. One male in the collection of B. Preston Clark was taken by Mr. George P. Engelhardt of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and given by him to the writer.
In the ‘Revision’ it is suggested that more material is necessary to determine whether the insular and continental specimens of Protoparce
42 CLARK —NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE Pe
afficta exhibit any constant differences. From comparison of one male taken at Nassau, with a long series from Cuba and South America, it appears that there is a real difference between the race of the Bahamas and specimens from both the other localities. In the Nassau specimen the upper side of the fore wing is much more variegated. The ground tone is lighter; and the markings, besides being darker and heavier, are in general coarser. The light bands on the upper side of the hind wing are more prominent than in the typical form, and the outer band is really white toward the anal angle, and along this angle the white is more extended. A white dash, 3 mm. in length, starting on SC5 at a point 4 mm. distant from the distal margin, extends diagonally toward R1. The markings on the under side of both fore wing and hind wing are much darker and heavier, and the submarginal dark band on both wings is broader. The hind wing below is lighter in color toward anal angle.
The general appearance and character of the insect vary so markedly from afflicta that, while one would wish to have further material, the form appears to deserve a subspecific name. A specimen of afflicta from Cuba is reproduced for purposes of com- parison (Plate III, figure 3).
Protoparce francisc® sp. nov. Plate VI, figures 2, 3.
Al. ant. long., o', 42-47 mm.; 9,55 mm. AI. ant. lat., «, 17-20 mm.; 9,21 mm. Marg. ext., o', 24-27 mm.; 9, 30 mm.
Locality.— Caracas, Venezucla. A series of males and one female in the collection of B. Preston Clark, received from Mr. A. J. Carranza Rojas.
A much whiter species than any other Proloparce except P. leucoptera, which in general wing coloring it closely resembles. In the pattern of the fore wing, it is like P. florestan. There are, however, the following differ- ences. The upper side of the fore wing is white, with light and dark brown markings. The two diseal streaks R38-M2 are less distinet, and sometimes vestigial. The markings of the fore wing are much lighter in color, and there is no greenish tint. The head, thorax and abdomen above are brown, with light scales interspersed. The hind wing above is brown instead of black, as in P. florestan. It has the same markings but the white at the anal angle is more extended, The under side of the fore wing is
De. 5 CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE 45,
light brown, shading to white. The hind wing below is white, save for the light brown median and marginal bands, which are sometimes vestigial. The under side of the abdomen is white, with three yellow spots.
This is a smaller species than P. florestan, the length of the fore wing in this latter species in a measured series being 55-60 mm. in the male, and 55-70 mm. in the female. At first sight specimens of P. francisc@ have a faded appearance, but the examination of a considerable series indicates no difference between fresh and old specimens.
Chlenogramma obscura sp. nov. Plate III, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., 9, 46 mm. AI: ant. lat., 9, 19 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 25mm. Expanse, ?, 100 mm.
Habitat— Chaco de Santiago del Estero, Rio Salado, Argentina. Re- ceived from Mr. E. Le Moult, Paris.
Palpi brown, first joint white. Head and thorax brown irrorated with white, and with a prominent dark brown collar extending backward along the sides of the thorax to the mesonotum, the white tufts of which are more conspicuous than in Ch. cinerea. Geminate antemedian band in- clined obliquely basad back of M2 instead of being angled outward as in cinerea. Abdomen above, much worn, but it appears to be dark brown with white seales, and with dark brown side spots. Abdomen below brown with darker median spots. Fore tarsus with obviously prolonged spines.
Fore wing, above: Brown irrorated with white, crossed by black lines and bands. Pattern similar to cinerea, but a much darker insect. Differs from cinerea as follows. Proximal antemedian line stronger. Interspace between both black half-moons at R83 and M1 and the postdiseal line are blackish, instead of only in front. Dark area between postdiscal line and distal margin extending half-way to hinder angle.
Hind wing, above: The crenate character of the diseal band is much less marked, and disappears costad. Ground tone is light brown, whitish toward anal angle.
Underside: Ground tone of both wings dark brown. In the fore wing the discal lines are all obscure, and but slightly crenate. In the hind wing the discal band outside the cell is broad and dark, not divided; the second band is not crenate.
eas
44 CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE Vol. VI
Amplypterus gannascus dentoni subsp. nov. Plate V, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., o', 54 mm. Al. ant. lat., o&, 18 mm. Marg. ext., o, 30 mm.
Habitat— Chanchamayo, Peru. Two males in coll. B. Preston Clark, and given by Mr. William D. Denton, Wellesley, Massachusetts, after whom the subspecies is named.
A lighter-bodied and narrower-winged insect than A. gannascus. The general color of fore wings above, anal angle of hind wing, lighter portions of head and abdomen, stone-gray shading toward white. Fore wing more produced at apex, and outer margin more convex between SC5 and R3. Dark spot at back of fore wing toward the outer margin much reduced. Lines of fore wing above more prominent, and more variety in the shading. A very narrow stone-gray marginal band runs along the entire outer edge of the fore wing and continues a short distance beyond the hinder angle. The dark sub-basal band, the dark markings of thorax, and the lunulated lines from the costal margin, are chestnut in color instead of the olive color of the typical form. Black bands of the hind wing broader and more confluent than in A. gannascus. A distinguished-looking insect.
The two males in the collection of the writer have been compared with specimens of gannascus from Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil, Colom- bia, Venezuela and Mexico, and the above distinctions appear to
hold good.
Amplypterus palmeri brasiliensis subsp. nov. Plate IV, figure 3.
Habitat— Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two males in coll. B. Preston Clark, given me by my friend, Mr. Jacob Doll, of the Brooklyn Museum.
As one compares specimens of A. palmeri from southeastern Brazil with those from Peru, Ecuador and western Brazil, there appear to be certain
enn CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE 45
well-defined differences, largely of color. The head, central portion of the thorax, fore wing and abdomen above, are of a yellowish cast, instead of the gray of the western form. The red of the hind wing is fainter in color. The dark markings on the side of the thorax, the basal, apical and other markings (brown) of the fore wing, and the bands of the hind wing are of a lighter color than in the western form. The under side of both wings is in general lighter. There is no special difference in size, but the form from southeastern Brazil seems a duller-colored insect, contrasting rather sharply with the brilliancy of the specimens from western South America.
Orecta fruhstorferi sp. nov. Plate V, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., 7, 34 mm. Al. ant. lat., «1,13 mm. Marg. ext., 7, 22 mm.
Locality— Venezuela. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, given by Mr. Jacob Doll, who obtained it from Mr. Fruhstorfer in exchange.
A more strongly marked and darker-colored species than O. lycidas. The markings of both the fore wing and hind wing above are chocolate- brown, contrasting strongly with the light brown of the fore wing and the reddish brown of the hind wing of lycidas.
Fore wing, above: The sub-basal spots are inclined more distad than in lycidas. Instead of being light brown with a few darker markings, it is largely chocolate-brown with a light area along the basal half of the costal margin, a triangular spot at the apex, and a submarginal area toward the hinder angle between R3 and M2. The stigma is large, black, balloon- shaped, with the point toward the costal margin, and 3 mm. in length. A very distinct dark brown marginal band, widest at R2 (4 mm.) and crenate at the veins within, extends from the apex to the hinder angle. Outer margin is slightly crenate at the veins. Ciliae dark brown.
Hind wing, above: A dark brown sub-anal area, enclosing two trans- parent dots, and extending half-way up the anal margin. From this area a lunulated band, nearly parallel to the outer margin but trending away from it, extends to R1. And from the inner angle of this area a faint line extends to the middle of the inner wing margin. Very narrow dark brown marginal band. Ciliae white.
Fore wing, below: Dark yellow in tone. The ash-gray marginal band is well marked, as is the stigma. Marginal band loses its crenate character
46 CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE Pe
below. At the inner margin an obscure light brown band extends in a triangular shape between SC4 and SC5, and extending rather broadly to apex. Yellow-brown area extending along entire inner margin.
Hind wing, below: Dark yellow with trace of sub-anal area and dots, and the two bands which are narrow and vestigial.
The abdomen has heavy dark brown bands at the edge of the tergites, extending in a lighter form entirely around the under side. Yellow below.
Nyceryx ericea minor subsp. nov. Plate V, figure 5.
Al. ant. long., co’, 22 mm.
Locality. — Sta. Catharina, Brazil. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark; from the collection of Mr. C. Maxwell Stuart, who obtained it from Dr. QO. Staudinger.
Closely allied to N. ericea, shape and general pattern of both wings being similar.
Fore wing, above: A black streak before middle of SM2, a little toward the base. Diagonally from it, and at the inner end but not connecting, a similar line runs proximal to inner margin. No dark shade posterior to these two lines as in ericea. There is but one pale postdiscal lunule, with traces of three more outside the brown curved oblique discal band. A black line from SC5 to R2, reappearing again at R38, and continued to SM2. Conspicuous apical lunule, but narrower than in ericea. Stigma with no white scales, a few lighter brown ones. ‘Tip of wing less incised and more truncate than in ericea.
Hind wing, above: The yellow area contains one small brown spot continuous with the costal border toward apical end, and traces of two more toward base of area. No whitish bars at anal angle of hind wing, their place being taken by a yellow spot. Yellow area of hind wing not traversed by a continuous discal band.
Underside: Burnt umber, tawny rufous scaling vestigial. On fore wing only one subapical whitish lunule between SC5 and R1, with traces of several more. A dark area containing these lunules runs to a conspicu- ous point subapically on SC4. A whitish curved linear mark near hinder angle. On hind wing two faint rufous linear sub-anal marks.
Abdominal sealing more extended red than in N. ericea, but less so than in N. nictitans.
Dec. |
1916 CLARK—-NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE 47
Xylophanes mirabilis sp. nov. Plate VI, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., 1, 54 mm. Al. ant. lat., oc’, 20 mm. Marg. ext., <7, 26 mm.
Locality.— Antioquia, Colombia. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark.
Palpi yellow. Head, thorax and abdomen above olive green, the latter with white scales along the sides, thickening to a white fringe on the three last tergites. Antennae olive green above, red below.
Wings, upper side: Fore wing olive green like thorax, of color similar to X. adalia, with three black patches. One, sub-basal, 2 mm. in diameter; the second, longitudinal, beyond apex of cell, 2 mm. wide and 3 mm. in length, separated in the middle by the vein R2, and with a black stigma at its inner end; the third at hinder margin near the outer angle, 2 mm. in length and 1 mm. broad, and running diagonally inward from the hinder margin costad. A thin brown line from the outer side of the sub-basal patch curves irregularly toward the costal edge, becoming very faint before reaching it. The fore wing is crossed by two heavy transverse lines, the inner running from midway of the inner margin to a point on the costal margin one third the distance from the apex to the base, and slightly in- curving below the cell in an S-shape to SC5, at which point it is sharply angled basad to the margin. The outer line runs straight from a point on the inner margin midway between the inner line and the hinder angle to a point half-way between SC5 and the costal margin. Here it divides and becomes faint, one division being sharply angled inward to a small black subapical dot on costal margin 9 mm. from the apex, while the other division runs sharply distad to the apex. Both the inner and outer trans- verse lines are accentuated by faint black vein dots. There is a series of black submarginal vein dots about 2 mm. from the distal margin, with a light blue wavy line basad of them. The ciliae also are dark at the veins. Inside the outer transverse line is a narrow light blue line running its whole length; while inside the inner transverse line on the inner margin is a light blue shade, extending obscurely toward costal margin.
Hind wing brownish black, with a faint brown submarginal band, and a narrow brown marginal band. Also a brown fold at the anal angle. The ciliae are pale, and black at the veins, as in the fore wing.
Under side: Both wings vinaceous brick-red similar in color to X. belti, very lightly irrorated with black scales in the outer half. Both wings with a green dentate distal border about 4 mm. broad, and wider between the
48 CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE vee VT
veins. Fore wing with a black S-shaped line from the inner margin to the costal margin, duplicating the inner transverse line of the upper side, but curving easily, and not sharply angled at SC5. A series of vein dots parallel to the outer margin, and distant from it 7 mm., takes the place of the outer transverse line of the upper side. Black dot on costal margin 9 mm. from apex, as on upper side, but smaller.
Hind wing with a faint median line parallel to the outer margin, and sharply angled at SC2, reaching the inner margin midway of its length. A series of arrow-shaped vein dots runs parallel to this line midway between it and the outer margin.
The inner margin of the fore wing nearly to the outer angle, a basal spot on the fore wing, a fold at the anal angle of the hind wing, the legs, and the side tufts of the abdomen are yellow. These latter make a nearly con- tinuous line on each side of the abdomen laterally.
This is a remarkable form, being in its coloration and the trans- verse lines of the fore wing allied to the adalia group, and in the location of three black spots on the fore wing being affiliated with that to which X. ockendeni belongs.
Xylophanes jordani sp. nov. Plate V, figure 3.
Al. ant. long.,; o', 27 mm. Al. ant. lat., o', 9 mm. Marg. ext., c) 15 mm.
Habitat.— Costa Rica. Two males in coll. B. Preston Clark, received from Mr. A. H. Fassl, Teplitz, Bohemia.
Shape of wings and type of coloration like X. thyelia, but pattern entirely different. Head, thorax and abdomen above and below of same color as in thyelia, except that median dorsal line in the latter is heavier and pink.
Fore wing, above: Chocolate-brown basal area sharply defined out- wardly, extending from the costal margin, at a point about one third the distance toward the apex, across the wing to the inner margin. This area lighter brown in the folds. Lines 1 to 5 are chocolate-brown. Line 1, beginning at SC5, runs in an irregular curve to the inner margin, almost meeting there the hinder angle of the dark basal area. Costally of line 1 is a light brown area extending from the dark basal portion of the wing to the apex, with a darker brown median cloud, and irrorated with dark brown
pa CLARK — NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE 49
scales. This area is bluntly arrow-shaped at the inner margin, and is a marked characteristic of the species. Line 2 is closely parallel to 1, begin- ning slightly apically from it on SC5, and uniting with it before reaching the inner margin. Lines 3 and 4, united at their beginning on SC5, run slightly separated to R3, where they fade to a series of dark dots, reappear- ing again at M2, and converging to lines 1 and 2 on inner margin. Line 5, broader than 1 to 4, runs from the apex to the inner margin, almost parallel to the distal margin; it also becomes lighter from R3 to M2, but continues asaline. This partial disappearance of lines 2, 3, 4 and 5, from R3 to M2, produces a light brown area similar to that in thyelia, except that the reappearance of these lines on M2, gives the effect of a chocolate-brown broadly lunar patch extending from the hinder angle of the basal area to the hinder angle of the fore wing. Line 6 is lighter brown than the rest, and extends from the apex to the hinder angle, being closely marginal.
Fore wing, below: There are traces of the three or four discal lines of thyelia. A broad brown discal area fades away to yellow toward the apex and the outer margin. This yellow area is irrorated with black scales, and there is a series of large black submarginal patches in it, the first apical, the rest between the veins to the hinder angle except between R2 and M1 where they become a group of irrorated black spots. A small black dash on the costal margin 4 mm. from the apex.
Hind wing, above: Similar to thyelia but dark at anal angle and uni- colorous. Below, discal area and anal fold yellow. Marginal area so heavily irrorated with black scales as to become practically black. Toward the inner edge of this black area three narrow distinct black lines from SC2 to M2, parallel to the distal margin.
This species occurs in Costa Rica in the same localities as does thyelia. The sagittate effect produced by the arrangement of the lines of the fore wing, in connection with the basal area, is, so far as I know, unique in the genus Xylophanes.
A specimen of X. thyelia from Peru is reproduced for purposes of comparison (Plate V, figure 2).
50
Figure Figure Figure
Figure Figure Figure
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
Figure Figure Figure
ee a
me
Ona He GSS
CLARK —NEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Puate III.
Chlenogramma obscura sp. nov. Female. Protoparce afflicta bahamensis subsp. nov. Male. Protoparce afflicta afflicta Grote. Male.
Puate LV.
Protoparce brontes haitiensis subsp. nov. Male. Protoparce brontes haitiensis subsp. nov. Female.
Amplypterus palmeri brasiliensis subsp. nov. Male.
PLATE V.
Amplypterus gannascus dentoni subsp. nov. Male.
Xylophanes thyelia Linné. Male. Xylophanes jordani sp. nov. Male. Orecta fruhstorferi sp. nov. Male. Nyceryx ericea minor subsp. nov. Male.
PuaTe VI.
Xylophanes mirabilis sp. nov. Male. Protoparce francisce sp. nov. Male. Protoparce francisce sp. nov. Female.
14,263
JANUARY 13, 1917 Vou. VI, pp. 51-52
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
TWO NEW WEST INDIAN BIRDS.
BY THOMAS BARBOUR AND WINTHROP SPRAGUE BROOKS.
SINCE the appearance of our Ornithology of Cuba is to be some- what postponed, owing to the desirability of obtaining certain additional material, we have thought it best to put these two descriptions upon record now.
Todus multicolor exilis subsp. nov.
Type, no. 67,263, coll. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, adult male, Preston, Nipe Bay, Province of Oriente, Cuba, March 5, 1915, collected by J. L. Peters.
Similar to Todus multicolor multicolor of western Cuba and the Island of Pines, but having distinctly lighter blue upon the sides of the neck and a considerably more restricted and duller yellow patch at the base of the forehead.
Our series of twenty-six examples of Todus from Cuba and the Island of Pines shows that these characters are stable and diag- nostic. We cannot, however, as yet point out just that area of Cuba in which intergradation occurs between these and other races characteristic of the eastern and western parts of the island.
52 BARBOUR AND BROOKS — WEST INDIAN BIRDS Pa
Petrochelidon fulva cavicola subsp. nov.
Type, no. 67,675, coll. Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, adult male, San Antonio de los Baiios, Province of Havana, Cuba, March 22, 1915, collected by T. Barbour, W.S. Brooks and V. J. Rodriguez.
Similar to Petrochelidon fulva fulva from Santo Domingo, but a little larger and differently colored. The Cuban birds show a much greater extension of the fulvous area below and a consequent restriction of the white area on the belly. In the Cuban birds the throat and chest are usually more richly colored than in the individuals of true fulva. They also have the rufescent or fulvous area changing gradually into the white or whitish of the mid- ventral region, whereas in the Haitian birds the white is clearer and purer and the boundary of the fulvous zone is quite sharply defined.
The Peters collection made in northern Santo Domingo makes it possible to compare five examples of true fulva with our series of over thirty Cuban birds. In the W. E. D. Scott collection, now in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, there are fifty-six examples of the Jamaican race, poeciloma, which is different from both the Cuban and Haitian forms, and is much more similar to the Haitian, than to the Cuban bird. This fact is the rule rather than the exception with Jamaican types in many different groups.
HLE59
Marcu 28, 1917 Vou. VI, pp. 53-56
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
AN EXTINCT CUBAN CAPROMYS.
BY GLOVER MORRILL ALLEN.
In a previous paper (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., Jan. 1917, vol. 61, pp. 1-12), I described a subfossil insectivore, a Geocapromys, and a small species of Boromys, on the basis of cranial fragments recovered from a piece of bone-breccia sent from Cuba to the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy by Professor Carlos de la Torre. The bone-breccia was found in a limestone cavern in the Sierra de Hato Nuevo, Province of Matanzas. This locality has lately been revisited by Dr. Thomas Barbour, who collected a quantity of subfossil bones from the same cave. He found them in a layer a short distance beneath the surface of the floor deposit, and was fortunate in discovering several pockets where the bones were loose in the earth, and not solidified together by limy deposition. The greater part of the deposit had already been removed in the course of years by the local planters, who use the cave earth as a fertilizer. The original mass must have been considerable, the accumulation of a long period of time. The greater part of the bones recovered are those of Geocapromys and Capromys pre-
bo Vol. VI -
54 ALLEN — AN EXTINCT CUBAN CAPROMYS hensilis, mainly immature. Their scattered and fragmentary condition may be explained in part by the probability that the animals from which they came were brought thither by owls, and either they were torn apart in the cave or their bones were re- gurgitated as owl ‘pellets.’
In examining the material brought back from this cave and from the Macha cave, near Limones, several jaws of a very small Ca- promys were discovered, apparently representing an undescribed species which in life could hardly have been much larger than an adult house rat. Even the youngest Capromys prehensilis avail- able, in which the last lower molar has just reached the tooth-row, has much larger and broader teeth, and a longer tooth-row, than the old adult of this small species. A young or immature Jaw of this genus is easily recognized by the nature of the bony capsule surrounding the last molar; it is thin and porous in texture, and its outline is rounded. In an adult, however, the bony alveolar wall is solid, its posterior edge thickened to form a narrow ledge, and produced backward as a vertical keel. This dwarf species may be known as
Capromys nana, sp. nov.
Type.— A right lower mandible, no. 9864, Mus. Comp. Zodl., from a cave deposit in the Sierra de Hato Nuevo, Province of Matanzas, Cuba, collected by Thomas Barbour.
Specific characters— A small species with a tooth-row about two thirds the length of that in the adult C. prehensilis, and with proportionally narrower teeth; angular process of the jaw, however, relatively shorter and broader.
Description.— The type jaw retains all the teeth, but the coronoid and angular processes are broken off. The strikingly narrower and smaller teeth, as compared with C. prehensilis, the smallest of the living species, and the less massive proportions of the jaw, are characteristic, and are well brought out in the measurements given below. The enamel pattern of the teeth is essentially similar, except that the anterior point of the first molariform tooth is nearly in the axis of the tooth-row instead of nearer its inner border. The shape of the angular process is characteristic.
March cig
1917 ALLEN
AN EXTINCT CUBAN CAPROMYS 19)
It is relatively much broader and flatter in ventral aspect than in C. pre- hensilis or in melanurus, with a deep, rounded notch on its inner outline, instead of being long and narrow with only a slight indication of a notch. In lateral aspect the broad ledge formed by the angular process is wider anteriorly, and bounds a deep pocket-like depression, where in other species of Capromys the surface shows only a shallow and evenly hollowed groove for muscle attachment. The incisors are pure white.
Measurements— The type measures: alveolar length of tooth-row, 12.5 mm.; crowns of cheek teeth, 12.2; crown length and breadth of pm, 3.6 X 2.6; of mi, 3.0 X 3.0; of me, 2.7 X 3.2; of ms, 2.9 X 2.9; diastema, 10.5; greatest depth from alveolus of pi, 9.0; from back of condyle to anterior end of socket of incisor, 35.5; from summit of condyle to ventral surface of angular process, 17.0. The lower tooth-row of an adult C. prehensilis measures 17.5 mm., and the breadth of the crowns of the molars, 4.3.
A fragment of a maxilla referred to this species (no. 9875) shows the alveoli of the three anterior teeth. These alveoli measure respectively: pm 3.0 K 3.0; pm; 3:0 < 3:0; m?, 3.0 < 2:9 mm.
Remarks.— The ten jaws examined are all quite similar, and agree closely in the small size of the teeth, the relative lightness of structure, and the possession of a deeper depression in the outer face of the jaw, where the angular process comes off. There can be no doubt that they represent adults of a much smaller species than any heretofore known.
It should be recalled here, that Peters, in publishing Poey’s description of Capromys melanurus (Monatsb. Kk. Preuss. Akad. Berlin, 1864, p. 384) added in a footnote: “Hr. Poey schreibt mir noch von einer zweiten neuen Art, C. pallidus, welche sich von allen anderen durch ihre geringere Grosse und die blonden, un- geringelten Haare unterscheidet.” This probably refers to an albinistic form of either melanurus or prehensilis, such as occurs not uncommonly with yellowish “ungeringelten” hair. Such individuals, as Mr. C. T. Ramsden of Guantanamo tells me, are believed to live in gray-barked trees. The lesser size (“ geringere Grésse’’) is not further specified, and may have been due to youth. At all events, the name C. pallidus, based on hearsay report, cannot be satisfactorily identified, much less applied to the small subfossil species here described. The latter may not have become
56 ALLEN — AN EXTINCT CUBAN CAPROMYS
extinct until after the discovery of America; but at all events the bones studied are well mineralized and seemingly much older in appearance than those of the introduced house rats, a few of which are present in the material brought back. Had this Capromys survived until Poey’s day, it is unlikely that Gundlach would have
failed to discover it.
4 253
DEcEMBER 15, 1917 Vou. VI, pp. 57-72
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NEW SPHINGIDAE
BY BENJAMIN PRESTON CLARK
Ir is a pleasure, after the lapse of a year, to describe further species and subspecies of Sphingidae which I believe to be new. A number of these have been found in examining carefully all the American coliections of this family. Five new forms from South America, and three from Mexico, give promise of a further enlargement of the known Sphingid fauna of these countries. Of the remainder three are from Africa, one from the Philippines, and one from North America north of Mexico.
Two corrections I desire to make in my paper! of Dec. 5, 1916. Amplypterus gannascus denton should be known as Amplypterus dentoni, for, as Dr. Karl Jordan kindly called to my attention, Amplypterus gannascus occurs in Peru, and two subspecies of the same species cannot be residents in the same locality. The habitat of Protoparce afflicta bahamensis should have been stated as Andros Island. My friend Dr. W. M. Mann visited Andros in June, 1917, and collected in the same locality where Mr. Engelhardt took the type; he failed, however, to find further specimens, and it must be a rare moth.
1 Proc. N. E. Z.C., VI, 39-50.
58 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
Protoparce hannibal mayi subsp. nov. Plate VII, figure 2.
Al. ant. long., o', 51mm.; 9,56mm. Al. ant. lat., 7, 20mm.; 9, 22 mm. Marg. ext., o', 30 mm.; 9, 32 mm.
Habitat. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three males and three females in coll. B. Preston Clark, given by Mr. E. May, after whom the species is named.
In size and general facies very similar to P. hannibal. There are, how- ever, certain well-marked differences. The light marginal line of the fore wing is heavier and whiter; it also is more closely parallel to the distal margin as it approaches the apex of wing. The postmedian band of the hind wing above is whiter, and less suffused with black, than in P. hannibal; this is especially marked in the female. Beneath, the markings are darker and more distinct than in P. hannibal, and the double postmedian line of the hind wing is more deeply dentate. These differences on the under side are more marked in the male.
Protoparce hoffmanni sp. nov. Plate VII, figure 1.
Al.ant.long.,2,47mm. Al.ant.lat.,?,20mm. Marg. ext., 9,16 mm.
Habitat. — Misantha, Mexico. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, re- ceived from Messrs. Luck and Gehlen.
Ingeneral appearance near P.lanuginosa. Palpi: Istsegment light brown, 2d and 3d segments darker, shading very dark along the eyes. Antennae white above, brown beneath, dark at the tips. Head and thorax gray, the latter with black lateral line. Abdomen brown, irrorated with white scales; brownish yellow median spot on first tergite; white side tufts. Small brown median spots on anterior segments.
Fore wing above, light brown with darker markings, much more distinct than in P. lanuginosa, and with greater contrast in color between ground
Oia CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 59
tone and markings. Two discal streaks R3-M2 very faint. Transverse an- temedian, median and postmedian lines similar to P. florestan, narrow and clearly marked. Antemedian irregular in outline; three median lines sharply serrate; postmedian regularly undulate; a light band between the two outer median lines; apical line behind SC5 heavy. Dark markings on costal margin at ends of transverse lines 9 in number. Cilia white, dark at the veins.
Hind wing above, dark brown, shading lighter toward base; postmedian band white, shaded with light brown, bordered proximally by a darker transverse line extending from anal angle to costal margin. Faint line parallel to this line, distant 2 mm. proximally, and fading away before reaching inner margin. Cilia white, dark at veins.
Under side: fore wing light brown, unicolorous, a faint postmedian dark brown transverse band; cilia as above; between veins on distal margin, white lunulate spots. Hind wing light brown, white at anal margin; a transverse line corresponding to postmedian line on upper side; another faint antemedian line 3 mm. distant proximally at anal angle, and 6 mm. at inner margin.
Dolba schausi sp. nov. Plate VIII, figure 3.
Al.ant.long.,?,30mm. Al.ant.lat.,9,13mm. Marg.ext., 9,16 mm.
Habitat.— Cauca Valley, Colombia. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark. I have named this species for my friend William Schaus.
Facies and coloration so closely simulating D. hylaeus of North America that the species is best described by stating the various points of difference.
Abdomen: White lateral spots and lines are narrrower.
Fore wing above: Less contrast between the black and white markings and the brown ground tone of the wing. The sharp black markings of D. hylaeus become brown, and the white ones are irrorated with brown. The effect is a more uniform coloration and a blurring of the maculation. Post- median line running from costal to inner margin, so clear and sharply serrate in D. hylaeus, is vestigial and less sharply serrate. It thus serves as the proximal border of a dark brown band from costal to inner margin, 4 mm. wide at the costal margin and broadening gradually to a width of 6 mm. at the inner margin. Distal margin evenly convex, and more strongly so than in D. hylaeus. Hinder angle less sharp (more obtuse).
Hind wing above: Basal area whitish. The broad black line extending from base to median band in D. hylaeus, is in this species brown, narrow,
60 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
and sharply truncate before reaching this band, being thus completely sur- rounded by a pear-shaped whitish band. Median band light brown, gemi- nate, broadening and becoming indistinct toward inner margin. Marginal band light brown, and truncate on M1; from this vein to inner margin the wing is whitish, dark on the veins and toward distal margin.
Fore wing beneath: Light brown, unicolorous save for a lighter brown marginal area extending narrowly from base of inner margin two thirds the distance to hinder angle; a dark brown wavy line extends from a point on costal margin 8 mm. from apex to R2, and thence obscurely to inner mar- gin, which it reaches 4 mm. from hinder angle; this line is bordered distally by a faint whitish band 1 mm. in breadth. White dots of cilia between the veins are broader than in D. hylaeus.
Hind wing beneath: Light brown, with median line single instead of gemi- nate; both this and the postmedian lines are less sharply marked and less serrate than in D. hylaeus. Dark brown area at anal angle extending to M2.
Dolbogene manni sp. nov. Plate VIII, figure 5.
Al. ant. long., 7, 25mm. Al. ant. lat., 7, 10 mm. Marg. ext., 3, 15 mm.
Habitat. — Guerrero, Mexico. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, ob- tained from the collection of Jacob Doll, where it had long lain undescribed. Named for my friend, Dr. W. M. Mann, who has done such successful collecting of lepidoptera in Mexico.
A narrow-winged insect.
Palpi brown, darker along the eye, irrorated with white. Antennae brown above, white beneath, long (15 mm.), and strongly pectinated. Head, thorax and abdomen above, uniform dark brown, patagia still darker. Breast and legs brown, irrorated with white. Abdomen beneath, yellowish white, brown irrorated with yellow at anal tip.
Fore wing above: Smoky brown with lighter shading. More uniform in color than D. hartwegi, and bands and markings more obscure. White spot at end of cell. Prominent dark brown area about 7 mm. in length, extending from base of wing on inner margin, where it is 2 mm. wide, widening and becoming obscure. Irregular dark patch 3 mm. in diameter at hinder angle. Prominent postmedian dark brown dash, 4mm. in length, between R3 and M1, midway between apex of cell and distal margin.
moi CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 61
Cilia brown, white-dotted between the veins. Apical line heavier than in D. hartwegi.
Hind wing above: Smoky brown. A black semilunar patch at anal angle, 5 mm. wide on inner margin, and 3 mm. in depth. A pale brown wavy discal band similar to D. hartwegi, but narrower and not becoming white toward anal angle. Cilia largely brown, with white dots between the veins, and at anal angle.
Fore wing beneath: Light brown postmedian wavy band about 2 mm. in width, extending at its inner edge from a point on costal margin 8 mm. from apex to the inner margin, which it reaches faintly 4 mm. from hinder angle. Irregular dark patch, 2 mm. in diameter, at hinder angle. Basal area, proximally of the postmedian band, dark gray-brown. Marginal area along distal edge posteriorly of this band, slightly darker than it in tint. Brown irregular apical line dentate between SC4 and SC5, and more deeply dentate between SC5 and R1, terminating just behind R1.
Hind wing beneath: Light postmedian band, basal area and submarginal area, all as in fore wing, the latter shading gradually darker brown as it approaches the anal angle. Cilia of both wings as on upper side.
Oxyambulyx liturata johnsoni subsp. nov. Plate VIII, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., 9, 50 mm. Al. ant. lat.. 9, 20mm. Marg. ext., 2, 28 mm.
Habitat. — Philippine Islands, probably Manila. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark, given by my friend Prof. Orson B. Johnson, of the University of Washington, and named in honor of him. The specimen was sent to Dr. Karl Jordan, who at once pronounced it a new subspecies.
Smaller than O. liturata. Fore wing, both above and beneath, more yellowish. Submarginal line of fore wing close to fringe posteriorly on both upper and under sides. Light band, proximally of the submarginal line above, less prominent than in O. liturata. Palpi, breast, abdomen beneath, and base of both wings beneath, pinkish.
62 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
Libyoclanis hollandi sp. nov. Plate VII, figure 3.
Al. ant. long., 9, 56mm. AI. ant. lat., 9, 21mm. Marg. ext., 9, 33 mm.
Habitat. — Medje, Congo. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark.
Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen wood-brown above, with narrow transverse bands at base of tergites of darker tint; lighter below. Ill-defined white lateral patch at base, shading into yellow on second and third tergites. Antennae short, brown.
Fore wing above: Produced at apex into a prominent lobe, as in L. bainbridgei, about 4 mm. long, measured from tip of SC5. Wood-brown with lighter shading; basal area bright red-brown, extending anteriorly to apex of cell, and posteriorly nearly to the inner angle. A sharply marked lunulate apical area from tip of lobe to SC5, 2 mm. wide on this vein. The line bordering this area costad, extends to R3, sharply angled on R2, reach- ing R3 20 mm. from distal margin. Black stigma, 1 mm. in diameter, at apex of cell on D2. Distal margin deeply incurved below the tip, thence regularly and strongly convex nearly to the base of the wing, with no ob- vious hinder angle; slightly incurved toward the base; notched on the veins. Two obscure lines, distant on costal margin 12 mm. and 20 mm. from tip, broadly lunulate between the veins, extend from costal margin diagonally to R2. Cilia brown.
Hind wing above: Dark wood-brown, somewhat lighter toward inner margin. Light pink band, 2 mm. wide at base, extends to anal angle, where it broadens to 3 mm. and then shades off through reddish brown into the ground tone of the wing. Cilia yellow.
Fore wing beneath: Buff, darker on the veins. Apical streak very dis- tinct, continued to M2, which it reaches 8 mm. from distal margin; curves slightly basad to R3, where it is distant 13 mm. from distal margin; obtusely angled at R4. Costal margin lighter buff to apex of cell. Two faint abbreviated lines from costal margin to R2, corresponding to lunulate line on upper side. Apical line bordered by a lighter buff area, shading darker toward distal margin.
Hind wing beneath: Light buff, darker along hinder margin, and with a brown basal streak. Apical streak distinct to R3, where it becomes ves- tigial. Two discal lines, so obvious in L. major, are very faint, and do not extend beyond the apical streak.
vita CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 63
Polyptychus roseola sp. nov. Plate IX, figure 2.
Al. ant. long., o’', 28 mm. Al. ant. lat.. «1, 11 mm. Marg. ext., o, 14 mm.
Habitat. — Fort Crampel, French Congo. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, received from Messrs. Luck and Gehlen.
In form nearest to P. retusus, but a complete contrast in point of color. Palpi pink beneath, brown along the eyes. Antennae light brown. Head, thorax and abdomen above light pink, unicolorous. Beneath, dull pink, irrorated with brown scales.
Fore wing above light pink, shaded with deeper pink. Three trans- verse lines cross the wing from costal to inner margin. The inner, a me- dian line, runs in a wavy S from a point midway of the costal margin to a point 8 mm. distant from the hinder angle. The second, a postmedian line, runs parallel to the median, 5 mm. distant. The area between these two lines makes a darker pink band. The third, an undulate submarginal line, runs from a point 3 mm. distant from the hinder angle obliquely to SC5, being at that point 6 mm. distant from the distal margin; thence it is angled sharply basad to the costal margin. This line is of slightly deeper tint on the veins. A large pink stigma on the cell, with light centre. An undulate subbasal line runs transversely from a point distant 5 mm. from the base of the costal margin, becoming faint toward the inner margin. A line of faint vein dots midway between the submarginal line and the distal margin, terminating in a subapical spot 5 mm. from the apex. Cilia brown.
Hind wing light pink, darker toward anal angle. Dark pink elongate patch on SM2, midway of abdominal margin, 5 mm. in length. Subanal dot dark pink. Cilia pink, except at anal angle where they are brown.
Both wings beneath pink, light at base of inner margin of fore wing, and at anal margin of hind wing. Fore wing crossed by three faint undulate lines, the inner duplicating the line of the first postdiscal line above, the outer duplicating that of the line of submarginal dots above, and the middle one that of the posterior postdiscal line, save that it curves evenly, and is not sharply angled at SM5. Cilia dark. Hind wing crossed by three faint lines: The inner one, median, obscure; the middle one, postmedian, runs from the anal angle at first straight, and then curving basad, to the costal margin; the outer one from a point just proximal of the anal angle in a direction parallel to the distal margin, but drawing gradually away from it basad, to the inner margin. Cilia dark with light tips, except entirely dark at anal angle.
64 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE very
Lycosphingia hollandi sp. nov. Plate VIII, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., «, 30 mm. AI. ant. lat., %,13mm. Marg. ext., 3, 17 mm.
Habitat.—Lolodorf, Kamerun. T. A. Reis. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, given by my friend, Dr.William J. Holland, and named for him because of his unrivalled contributions to the knowledge of African lepidoptera.
In general appearance this beautiful species suggests Orecta fruhstorfert Clark. The fore wing is more falcate, but less so than in L. hamatus Dewitz. Antennae white above, yellow beneath. Palpi orange red. Frons and head yellow. Thorax and abdomen above, brown. Breast, body and abdomen beneath, orange red; 8th sternite beneath, white irrorated with brown. Legs brown.
Fore wing above: Strongly falcate, truncate at tip. Brown, shaded with purple. Anal angle strongly produced. Costal margin regularly con- vex. Distal margin regularly and deeply concave. Inner margin S-shaped, incurving from hinder angle, then curving strongly outward, and again inward as it reaches base of wing. Prominent dark brown, rounded, basal spot, 2 mm. in diameter, and incised externally on SM2. Large white disco- cellular stigma. A broad faint brown shade extending from a point on costal margin one fourth the distance from the base toward hinder angle; a second shade roughly parallel to the inner one, and leaving costal margin midway between base and apex; between these two shades a faint transverse wavy line. Both shades terminating on a brown line running from a point on inner margin 6 mm. from hinder angle. This line curves distad until at R3 it is distant but 3 mm. from distal margin; thence it curves costad, and broadens to a shade approximately parallel to the two inner ones as it approaches the costal margin. This line is bordered externally from inner margin beyond M1 by a narrow purplish line. A cloud of scales of the same color lies between this line and the distal margin. A subapical dark brown patch extends 8 mm. on the costal margin from a point 3 mm. from apex, and is irrorated mesially with purplish scales. Cilia brown.
Hind wing above: Red-brown, unicolorous, angled at Rl. Anal margin light brown; at anal angle a narrow, sharply lunulate, geminate, dark brown line extends to M2; a narrow purplish line between the two brown ones; posteriorly the lunules are filled in with light purple. The area to the margin is dark brown, and the undulate margin is marked by a fine, clear, triple line of purple, dark brown and white, the latter color
fd CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 65
being produced by the cilia, which are white at this point, as indeed else- where on this wing, except on the veins, where they are dark brown.
Fore wing beneath: Light red-brown at base, shading to dark brown at distal margin. Very faint postmedian line from costal margin, becoming soon obscure. Double postmedian line, dotted on veins, from costal mar- gin two thirds the distance from base to apex, sharply angled on R1, and thence extending roughly parallel to distal margin to the inner margin. Very faint light purple subapical patch, corresponding exactly to patch on upper side except that at its basal third it disappears. Cilia light brown.
Hind wing beneath: Light brown, unicolorous. Faint median line from a point midway of costal margin to anal margin. Midway between this line and the distal margin a faint postmedian line, slightly undulate, and approximately parallel to the margin, dotted on veins. Cilia light brown, dotted on veins.
Isognathus rimosa australis subsp. nov. Plate IX, figure 5.
Al. ant. long., 7, 31 mm. Al. ant. lat., %, 11 mm. Marg. ext., 3, 18 mm.
Habitat. — Ururahy, Eastern Brazil. Haseman, 1908. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, given by Dr. W. J. Holland.
Fore wing above: Generally brown in tint, shaded with white. Less contrast in color than in either J. rimosa or I. r. papayae. All the mark- ings are finer than in papayae, the white tuft at base of fore wing, so prominent in papayae, is here light brown, and inconspicuous. The black streak, R3-M1, is very narrow and but 3 mm. in length. A second nar- row streak, M1—M2, 2 mm. in length and diagonally basad from the first. Distal margin convex, and obtusely angled at R3. Narrower-winged than either rimosa or papayae. An evenly curved white line, convex dis- tally, extends from a point on costal margin, 9 mm. from the apex, to a point on M1, 4 mm. from the distal margin. This line is sagittate distally on the veins, the points being black-tipped. Veins, SC1 to M1 inclusive, proximal of this line, are conspicuously white with black dots.
Hind wing above: Marginal band is in width between rimosa and papayae.
Fore wing beneath: Brown, unicolorous, save for yellow band along the inner margin, narrowing to hinder angle. Faint trace of distal marginal band.
66 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
Hind wing beneath: Yellow basal area extending from R3 to anal angle; save for this, the wing is brown with a bluish tinge, and black toward anal angle. Discal lines obscure.
In a species showing so much subspecific variation it is not surprising to find a southern form.
Nyceryx mulleri sp. nov. Plate VIII, figure 2.
Al. ant. long., 7, 23mm. AL. ant. lat., 7, 10mm. Marg. ext., o, 12 mm.
Habitat. — Orizaba, Mexico. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark.
Antennae yellow, brown at tip. Head and thorax light brown with darker shading. Crest prominent, dark brown. Abdomen dark brown above. Upper hairs of lateral tufts at base bluish white. Lateral trans- verse bands anterior to base of tergites 2 to 7, bluish white. Very narrow median yellow bands at base of posterior tergites. Abdomen beneath, red irrorated with yellow, darker at base of sternites. Hairs at tip of 8th abdominal sternite beneath, white.
Fore wing above: Light brown with darker shading. Facies very like that of N. clarki Fassl, but a smaller insect. No silvery gray markings. A broad black patch on hinder margin, extending, from a point 4 mm. from the base, for a distance of 5 mm. on the margin, extending to cell, and then continued to costal margin by a narrow band. This patch is slightly incurved anteriorly, and concave distally. Basad of this patch are two dark brown marks on costal margin, the basal one extending to Inner mar- gin, the outer truncate on M2. Distally of this patch a light area extends to a point slightly within hinder angle on inner margin, and narrows to a blunt point on costal margin. It contains three wavy transverse lines, which continue obscurely through the darker apical area to costal margin. Dark apical dot, SC4 to SC5. Anterior to this dot is a dark brown triangle, with base on costal margin, 5 mm. in width, and with its apex on R3. Distal margin similar in outline to N. eximia, except that angle at R3 and hinder angle are slightly more produced. Cilia dark.
Hind wing above: Dark brown with chrome yellow basal area. This area is sharply truncate before reaching anal margin, and extends to inner margin; it is more extended and more sharply marked than in N. eximia.
ea CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 67
Inner edge of dark marginal area is shallowly S-shaped, curving distally as it leaves the inner margin, and then basad. Anal area of dark marginal band, bluish with wavy submarginal lines.
Fore wing beneath: Chrome yellow from base to disc, gradually merging into a tawny yellow, and darkening to the marginal band, which latter is brown slightly irrorated with white. Band sharply serrate between veins, R2 to SM2, and widest between R2 and R3. Three S-shaped, postme- dian transverse lines; the inner and middle ones running from costal margin, and becoming obscure before reaching inner margin; the outer continuing to it, and touching the inner edge of marginal band between R2 and R3. Cilia dark.
Hind wing beneath: Color, lines and marginal band similar to fore wing, except that the transverse lines all extend to anal margin. Anal area light brown. Cilia dark, light at anal angle.
Pholus satellitia intermedia subsp. nov. Plate IX, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., 7, 38 mm.; 9,44 mm. AL. ant. lat., 7,15mm.; 9, 17mm. Marg. ext., 7, 20mm.; 9, 24 mm.
Habitat. — Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas. One male and one female from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in coll. B. Preston Clark, types. One male from Greenville, Mississippi, and one female from Brownsville, Texas, in coll. Dr. William Barnes, cotypes.
Thorax and abdomen light brown; thorax with dark median line and dark patagia. Fore and hind wings above, light brown with darker shading; beneath, dark brown with pink tinge.
Fore wing above: Subapical patch on costal margin, truncate on SC5. Similar patch near hinder angle on inner margin, continued slightly beyond M2. Rhombiform median patch on middle of inner margin, con- tinued to the base in slightly lighter color. Prominent double stigma on cell. A dark shade extends from the median spot of the costal margin to a point two thirds the distance from the apex to the hinder angle, is angled on M1, and follows it to the distal margin. Vein M1 is noticeably pink. From the apex of the rhombiform median patch two parallel lines extend to the edge of the dark shade, and continue within it to the costal margin. The outer line bears away from the inner one costally of M1. A pale wavy lunate line, shaded darkly on both sides, extends from the apex to R3 on the distal margin.
68 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE Paya
Hind wing above: Basally yellow-brown. A large, black, circular spot above the inner margin; a band of submarginal spots bordered inwardly by a pink line; spots distinct toward anal angle and continued obscurely to inner margin. Anal angle slightly pink.
Fore wing beneath: An irregular gray marginal distal band, widest on R2. Two distinct postmedian lines semi-parallel to distal margin, and turning basad on R2 as they approach the costal margin; the outer line lunulate and touching the distal band.
Hind wing beneath: A similar gray marginal distal band, and two dis- tinct lines semi-parallel to the distal margin, and turning basad as on the fore wing.
This form appears to belong, territorially, to a group of Sphingidae in- cluding Protambulyx carteri, Isoparce cupressi, Lapara halicarniae, Iso- gramma hageni, and Arctonotus vega, which occur along the Gulf States of the United States and west into Texas and New Mexico, and, so far as known, neither north nor south of this belt.
Structurally, it les between pandorus, licaon and elisa, is nearest to licaon, and is smaller than any other Pholus found in continental North America. The upper side of both fore and hind wings, is of the color of licaon, while the outer margin of the fore wing shows as much convexity as pandorus, more than licaon, and less than elisa. The dark subbasal patch at the inner margin of the fore wing is continuous with the rhombi- form median patch, and is slightly lighter in color; in these respects inter- media differs from licaon and approaches pandorus. The outer edge of this median patch curves basad as it approaches the inner margin, differing in this respect from all three forms mentioned above. The postdiscal lines on the fore wing are nearly parallel to the distal margin, and thus reach the costal edge nearer the apex of the wing than in pandorus, and more nearly as in licaon. The tone of both the fore and the hind wing, beneath — dark brown with a distinct pink tinge, very marked on the hind wing — is in marked contrast with the light brown under side of licaon, the green of pandorus, and the dark brown of elisa which is unrelieved by any touch of pink. The pink tinge at the anal angle of the hind wing above is less marked than in pandorus, while the black submarginal spots are heavier than in either elisa or pandorus, and are as large as in licaon.
While the differences separating this subspecies from the others mentioned, are not many, they are distinct, and the form has a character of its own.
ae, CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 69
Xylophanes tyndarus marginalis subsp. nov. Plate IX, figure 3.
Al. ant. long., 7’, 26 mm.; 9,31 mm. Al. ant. lat., 7,11mm.; 9, 13mm. Marg. ext., o',16mm.; 9, 18 mm.
Habitat. — Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One male and one female in coll. B. Preston Clark, received from Mr. George Franck.
A smaller, shorter-winged insect than X.tyndarus. More yellow in gen- eral coloration both above and beneath.
Fore wing above: Three antemedian lines obscure. First discal line less oblique than in X. tyndarus, contrasting less sharply with the rest of the wing, and shading off abruptly externally. Line 4 faint. Apical line faint but long, joining line 4 behind R2.
Hind wing above: Green band reaching to the costal margin, and more extended distally as it approaches it, the black marginal band being thus narrower costally, than in X. tyndarus. The black basal area is less ex- tended.
Fore wing beneath: Basal area light brown and less extended. All markings less distinct. Apical line less oblique, being, behind R2, distant only 4 mm. from the distal margin. Marginal area bordered by this line and by the irregularly undulate postdiscal line, is thus narrower than in X.tyndarus. Discal line very faint.
Hind wing beneath: Median line faint. Wing yellowish. Marginal band narrow, as on upper side.
It seems probable that a small male from Theresopolis, men- tioned in the ‘ Revision’! as being in the British Museum, be- longs to this subspecies.
1 Novitates Zoélogicae, Vol. IX, Supplement, p. 683.
70 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
Xylophanes mossi sp. nov. Plate IX, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., o, 35mm.; 9,40 mm. AI. ant. lat. 7,14mm.; Q, 16mm. Marg. ext., o', 19 mm.; 9, 21 mm.
Habitat.— Para, Brazil. Two males and two females in coll. B. Preston Clark; two males in Mus. Tring; two males in coll. of my friend Rev. Arthur Miles Moss, by whom all these specimens were raised, and for whom the species is named.
Male. First segment of palpi light yellow beneath, irrorated with light brown, warm reddish brown laterally; second and third segments brown, shading to warm reddish brown toward the eyes. Eyes large, fully as much so as in X. rufescens, and dark brown in color.
Head, thorax and abdomen above, brownish clay-color, darker toward the head; yellowish brown beneath. Abdomen with a few golden brown lateral scales on posterior segments; light yellow side tufts at base; black spot on first segment. Antennae light brown above, white beneath. Legs very light brown.
Fore wing above, brownish clay-color like thorax. Unicolorous, save for the following markings. A narrow yellow subbasal band on the inner margin 7 mm. in length, black apically and basad. Minute black stigma on cell. A faint postcellular shade lying between the stigma and the distal margin, and extending to a faint median transverse line that runs from a median point on the inner margin to a point on the costal margin 11 mm. distant from the apex. Parallel to this line distad, and 1 mm. from it, ex- tends a line, faint at all points and becoming almost invisible costad. An equally faint submarginal line runs parallel to the distal margin, distant from it about 5 mm., accentuated by faint black vein dots, and terminating at the apex. A few black scales make a spot on costal margin 7 mm. from the apex. A few black submarginal scales on the veins, and at the wing apex between the veins.
Hind wing above, black. A light yellow submarginal band, shaded with black, reaching nearly to the costal margin, dilated basad on SM2, followed by a marginal patch at anal angle reaching to the base of the wing.
Both wings beneath, brownish clay-color, slightly irrorated with black scales, especially on the veins and toward the distal margins. Fore wing with a roughly triangular postcellular black shade extending two thirds of the way to the hinder angle, and fading out costally. A series of vein
"roi7 CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE 71
dots 5 mm. from the distal margin, and a small black dot on the costal margin, 7 mm. from the apex, correspond to those on upper side. Very faint marginal band extending from apex to hinder angle, and broadest at R2, about 5mm. Hind wing pinkish, unicolorous, with a series of black vein dots 3 mm. from the distal margin. Cilia dark on the veins, elsewhere the same color as the wing, except between Mi and M2, and between M2 and SM2, where they are pure white.
Female. Head, thorax and abdomen above, red-brown, darker toward the head. Fore wing above, warm red-brown, similar to the ground tone of X. rufescens. Markings more distinct than in the male.
Both wings beneath, dark red-brown where the male is brownish clay-color. On the fore wing the black basal shade is extended costad. On the hind wing the cilia are extended light, except at veins. Otherwise the coloring is as in the male.
This form seems most nearly allied to X. rufescens, the bands on the hind wing being in close correspondence.
72
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3.
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5.
Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5.
CLARK — NEW SPHINGIDAE
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Puate VII.
Protoparce hoffmanni sp. nov. Female. Protoparce hannibal mayi subsp. nov. Male. Libyoclanis hollandi sp. nov. Female.
Puate VIII.
Oxyambulyz liturata johnsoni subsp. aov. Female. Nyceryx mulleri sp. nov. Male.
Dolba schausi sp. nov. Female. ey Lycosphingia hollandi sp. nov. Male.
Dolbogene manni sp. nov. Male.
PuaTe IX.
Pholus satellitia intermedia subsp. nov. Male. Polyptychus roseola sp. nov. Male.
Xylophanes tyndarus marginalis subsp. nov. Male. Xylophanes mossi sp. nov. Male.
Isognathus rimosa australis subsp. nov. Male.
JA, 353
DeceMBER 21, 1917 Vou. VI, pr. 73-76
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NOTES ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL RACES OF TANGARA GYROLOIDES.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
Tue blue-rumped green tanager has had, in nomenclature, a rather checkered career. In the present notes, I discuss Lafres- naye’s substitute types; describe one more subspecies; discuss the relationships of the form from the line of the Panama Rail- road; and express my opinion of Hellmayr’s treatment of the various geographical races. To make myself clear I must repeat a little of what has already been published.
The species was originally named by Swainson (Anim. in Menag., 1838, 356) Aglaia peruviana, on the strength of a speci- men from Peru in the collection of W. Hooker. This name was preoccupied, and for a long time the bird has been known by the next name in order, not preoccupied,— Aglaia gyroloides La- fresnaye (Rev. Zool. 1847, 277). Before the species was divided by any one into subspecies, I noticed that all Colombian skins had green lesser wing coverts, and all from Central America, as well as the one or two poor specimens from Ecuador and Peru then available to me, had bright yellow lesser wing coverts. I therefore named the Colombian bird, Calospiza gyroloides deleticia (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1908, 160). Hellmayr
74 BANGS — NOTES ON TANGARA GYROLOIDES. [? 22°: (P. Z.S., 1911, 1104) was the next reviewer of the species. Care- fully comparing specimens of the various races, and weighing the results with Swainson’s description, he decided that Peru was an error and substituted Colombia as the type locality of the species. Lafresnaye’s name was a substitute one, and of course the type locality reverts to Swainson. In this paper, then, Hellmayr called the Colombian bird Calospiza gyroloides qyroloides (Lafr.), and named as new two other forms, the Peru- vian, C. g. catharinae after his wife, and the Central American, C. g. bangsi after me. He also called attention to the slightly different race inhabiting western Ecuador, which he did not name because he thought it too close to bangs?, and that possibly bangsi ranged continuously from Costa Rica to western Ecuador, west of the range of C. g. gyroloides in Colombia. He was fol- lowed in this arrangement by Berlepsch in his ‘ Revision der Tanagriden,’ Berlin, 1910, and by Brabourne and Chubb in their ‘ List,’ 1912.
In thus shifting the names and type localities Hellmayr may be right, but I think it a little high-handed. Swainson named other Peruvian forms from the collection of W. Hooker, showing Hooker had birds from that country. Also, it seems to me, Swainson might very well have described the lesser coverts exactly as he did, had he had an immature male or a female before him. Under the circumstances, I prefer, not without reluctance, however, to follow Hellmayr myself. Future orni- thological critics must judge this rather peculiar case for them- selves, and will, I think, be as likely not to agree with Hellmayr as to follow him.
The species appears to be rare in Panama. W. W. Brown, Jr., when collecting for me at Loma del Leon and near Panama City, did not take it, and the only specimens from the line of the Panama Railroad I have seen are a pair in the Museum of Com- parative Zodlogy, received years ago from James McLeannan. The male is a fine old adult, and is intermediate between the Central American bangsi and the Colombian gyroloides, though decidedly nearer the latter. Its lesser wing coverts are green, slightly tinged with yellowish, not yellow as in bangsi, but a
A a eo BANGS — NOTES ON TANGARA GYROLOIDES. 75
little yellower than the shining yellowish green of the coverts in gyroloides. If the bird of the Panama Railroad line must be called by one name or the other, I should unhesitatingly call it gyroloides. Thus it would seem all chance of bangsi having a continuous range to western Ecuador is precluded, and I do not hesitate to name the western Ecuador form.
Chapman (The Distribution of Bird-Life in Colombia, 1917, p. 597) does not recognize the western Ecuador form, calling the bird ranging from Ricaurte, Colombia, to western Ecuador T’. g. bangs?, and cites this case as one of the many examples of broken distribution in range, in the region he is treating of. Perhaps he did not compare his birds very carefully with a sufficiently large series of the northern bangsz; at all events all skins I have seen from western Ecuador are constantly paler.
There are four specimens in the Lafresnaye Collection, three of which certainly are the types of Lafresnaye’s name. They are not, of course, types of the species, which remain the origi- nal specimens or specimen in the Hooker collection, named by Swainson. They are, however, of some historical interest. All have original labels. No. 2916 has a tag on which only the word “ Bogota” is inscribed, not in Lafresnaye’s handwriting. It is the Colombian green-winged gyroloides. The other three, nos. 2917, 2918, and 2919, all have lengthy original labels written in the hand I take to be Lafresnaye’s. Discussion of synonymy almost always appears on the Lafresnaye labels, and is present as usual in the case of these three specimens. Besides this, no. 2917 has “‘Ag. gyroloides Nob. — Ag. peruviana Sw.” No. 2918 has “Ag. gyroloides Nob. Rio Negro ? — Cal. inter- medius Nob.” No. 2919 has ‘‘ Call. intermedius 9¢ Nob. in Mus. Nostra — Colombie.”” All three belong to the Peruvian form catharinae, with very large, bright yellow shoulder patches and greenish throat (between the blue of the neck and chestnut of the chin). I cannot find that the name ‘ intermedius’ was ever published, and I fancy it was an alternative manuscript name, which gave way to gyroloides in final naming of the species.
76 BANGS — NOTES ON TANGARA GYROLOIDES.
The four races, then, with their ranges, are as follows:
Tangara gyroloides gyroloides (Lafr.).
Central and western Colombia, north to the line of the Panama Rail- road.
Tangara gyroloides bangsi (Hellm.).
Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Veragua.
Tangara gyroloides nupera subsp. nov.
Type, from Nanegal, western Ecuador, adult <, no. 74,066, M. C. Z., collected by the Williams College Expl. in Ecuador.
Characters. —Similar to 7’. g. bangsi, with the lesser wing coverts yellow as in that form, and without greenish on throat (between the blue neck and chestnut chin) also of about the same size; but blue of rump and under parts paler, and the chestnut of head considerably paler.
Confined to western Ecuador.
Tangara gyroloides catharine (Hellm.).
Northern Bolivia, Peru, upper Amazonia, eastern Ecuador to eastern slope of Andes in Colombia (Rio Meta).
[4,253
Freprvuary 6, 1918 Vou. VI, pr. 77-79
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
AN UNDESCRIBED RACE OF HENSLOW’S SPARROW.
BY WILLIAM BREWSTER.
In connection with some notes relating to a western form of Henslow’s sparrow, published upwards of twenty years ago (Auk, VIII, 1891, pp. 145-146), I remarked incidentally that the birds which ‘‘ breed near Washington, D. C., . . . probably most nearly represent true henslowii.’’ This statement was in- correct and hence unfortunate. It must have been made with- out much if any thought as to where the type of the species originated. Such oversight may seem inexcusable now, but was not then generally so regarded by ornithologists, many of whom, indeed, were accustomed to consider typical the birds with which they happened to be most familiar or best supplied.
The Henslow’s sparrow figured and described by Audubon, was obtained, he tells us, “‘ opposite Cincinnati, in the State of Kentucky, in the year 1820” (Orn. Biog., Vol. I, 1831, p. 360). His plate and description of this specimen indicate that it was not unlike others since obtained elsewhere in the Ohio River Valley, mostly in Illinois and Indiana. Presumably all such birds inhabiting that region in summer are essentially typical of the species which Audubon discovered and named.
It is otherwise with those breeding east of the Alleghanies — at least in Virginia and New England. They represent a form
78 BREWSTER—A RACE OF HENSLOW’S SPARROW.
easily distinguishable from the Ohio Valley one, and well worth recognizing as a distinct subspecies, which may be named and characterized as follows: —
Passerherbulus henslowi susurrans, subsp. nov. EASTERN HENSLOW’sS SPARROW.
Type, from Falls Church, Fairfax County, Virginia, adult male, no. 5260, coll. William Brewster, taken July 12, 1879, by Pierre L. Jouy.
Measurements (in inches and their hundredths — the good old-fashioned standard).! Adult male, type: wing, 2.16; tail, 1.80; tarsus, .70; exposed culmen, .50; depth of bill at base, .32.
Subspecific characters. — Somewhat larger than henslowi verus, with rela- tively stouter, deeper bill, and much more reddish back and wings, whereon this color — inclining to bright chestnut — is almost always conspicuously present and sometimes so widespread that the dull black central areas of the feathers are thereby narrowed and otherwise obscured. Ohio Valley birds possess at most comparatively little chestnut coloring, and sometimes none whatever. As if to compensate for such lack of adornment, their dorsal markings are commonly broader and blacker than those of Eastern birds. The last-named difference is not quite constant, however, and therefore should not be regarded as more than an ‘ average character,’ so-called.
Of adult birds taken in late spring or early summer, presum- ably on their breeding grounds, I have fifteen specimens of susur- rans from Fairfax County, Virginia, near Washington, D.C., and ten from Middlesex County, Massachusetts. All these are much alike as regards the essential characters above attributed to the Eastern subspecies, but in other respects they exhibit more or less individual variation.
Typical henslowi, of the Ohio River Valley, is correspondingly represented, with similar general uniformity, by two specimens from Quincy, Illinois; one from Grand Crossing and two from the Kankakee Marshes, Indiana; two from Walworth County, Wisconsin. The two Kankakee birds are less typical than the
1 Wing, 55; tail, 46; tarsus, 18; exposed culmen, 13; depth of bill at base, 8 mm.— Eb.
Feb 6] | BREWSTER—A RACE OF HENSLOW’S SPARROW. 79
others, however, and perhaps should be referred to susurrans. As both were taken early in the season, — on April 24, — they may have been migrants bound elsewhere to pass the summer.
Twenty-six Henslow’s sparrows taken at various dates from October to April in our South Atlantic States, a favorite winter- ing ground for the species, are included in my collection. Al- though mostly immature, they may be identified subspecifically, without much difficulty, by keeping in mind the characters which serve to distinguish adult breeding birds. Thus deter- mined, fourteen of these Southern specimens seem to represent the Ohio Valley form, and twelve its subspecies susurrans.
My former mistaken impression that the Henslow’s sparrow of Virginia might be considered typical of the species, was largely responsible for the separation of a South Dakota form, occidenta- lis, described in 1891 and since included in the A.O.U. Check- List. Although differing very satisfactorily from Eastern birds, it is perhaps not sufficiently unlike those of the Ohio Valley to merit continued recognition as a subspecies. That question may as well rest, however, until more material has accumulated to throw further needed light on it.
While in pursuit of quail near Osterville, Massachusetts, on November 6, 1874, I shot a Henslow’s sparrow, flushing it among scrubby pitch pines scattered over a wind-swept hilltop remote from any marshy ground. This specimen has since been valued because taken at a seasonal date so late and in a locality where no such bird was looked for or seemed likely to occur. It now derives additional interest by reason of the fact that in every respect, apparently, it is an ultra-typical example of the Ohio Valley form and hence true henslowi. No other specimen thus characterized has ever, to my knowledge, been secured any- where in New England.
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Frsrvary 6, 1918 Vou. VI, pp. 81-82
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
TWO UNDESCRIBED NEWFOUNDLAND BIRDS,
BY CHARLES FOSTER BATCHELDER.
SomE collections of Newfoundland birds that Mr. Outram Bangs and I have recently examined, contain excellent series of the ovenbird and of the yellow warbler. In each of these species the material shows the Newfoundland bird to be so markedly different from its representatives in adjacent regions that it obviously should be recognized as a subspecies.
They may be characterized as follows.
Seiurus aurocapillus furvior subsp. nov.
Type, from near Deer Pond, Newfoundland, @ adult, no. 6750, coll. of C. F. Batchelder, collected June 21, 1894, by A. E. Colburn.
Characters. — Similar to Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus, but plumage in general deeper-colored or. darker. Tawny of crown browner, less yellow- ish — ‘ amber brown,’! instead of the ‘ochraceous orange’ of aurocapillus; black of sides of crown more extensive and slightly more intense; back, from nape to upper tail coverts, and including scapulars, duskier green; dark markings of breast and sides heavier and blacker; brown of flanks deeper.
Measurements. — Average of eight adult males: wing, 77.2; tail, 55.8; culmen, 13.9; tarsus, 22.9mm. Average of five adult females: wing, 74.8; tail, 53.9; culmen, 13.3; tarsus, 22.6 mm. Six specimens taken in the moulting season were not measured.
1 Names of colors given in quotation marks, refer to Ridgway’s ‘ Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’ 1912.
82 BATCHELDER—TWO NEWFOUNDLAND Birps. [P-4:F-2.0-
Dendroica aestiva amnicola subsp. nov.
Type, from Curslet, Newfoundland, @ adult, no. 5360, coll. of C. F. Batchelder, collected June 14, 1890, by J. C. Cahoon.
Characters. — As compared with Dendroica aestiva aestiva, the adult male, in breeding plumage, has the back, from crown to upper tail coverts, in- cluding scapulars, conspicuously darker green, less yellowish, — between ‘warbler green ’ and ‘ sulphine yellow ’; the yellow of the forehead is more restricted and duller, — in color between ‘ apricot yellow’ and ‘ primuline yellow ’; the yellow edges of remiges are narrower, and duller in color, being dull ‘ citron yellow’ as contrasted with the ‘ strontian yellow’ of aestiva. When seen in series, the yellow of the under parts is duller, less richly golden, and the chestnut streaks are darker. In comparison with aestiva, the female is duskier, less yellowish, throughout the upper parts.
Measurements. — Average of fourteen adult males: wing, 61.2; tail, 42.6; culmen, 11.6; tarsus, 19.4 mm. Average of three adult females: wing, 58.0; tail, 42.7; culmen, 11.0; tarsus, 18.7 mf. Ten other birds examined were not measured, because they were taken in the moulting Season or were immature.
Remarks. — In general coloring D. ae. amnicola shows a cer- tain similarity to D. ae. rubiginosa, but it is readily distinguish- able from that race by the yellow forehead which, as in D. ae. aestiva, contrasts strongly with the green of the back. With the other subspecies of western North America this dark bird needs no comparison.
Ik, 253
Apri. 5, 1918 Vou. VI, pp. 83-84
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
VERMILEO COMSTOCKI, SP. NOV., AN INTERESTING LEPTID FLY FROM CALIFORNIA.
BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER.
WHILE camping during August, 1917, with the members of the Cornell Biological Expedition in Alta Meadow, near the Sequoia Giant Forest in the Sierras of California (alt. 9000 ft.), I became much interested in a fly larva which makes funnel-shaped pits in the fine sand, like those of ant-lions. Small insects, especially ants, tumble into these pits, and are at once seized and killed by the larva. Prof. J.C. Bradley informed me that many years ago the same insect had been found by Prof. J. H. Comstock in the mountains of California, and had been taken to Ithaca, but was not reared to the adult stage owing to an accident to the ma- terial. Of about two hundred larve which I brought to Boston in September, 1917, more than half survived the severe winter, and were used for observations which will be recorded in a future paper. In structure and behavior the larve were so much like those of the famous Vermileo degeert Macq. of southern Europe that I was convinced of their generic identity. This conviction became a certainty when, on April 1, a female fly emerged in the breeding pan. As the larve had been kept in the cold much of the winter, it would seem that the time of emergence in their native environment must be either April or May. It is probable that Osten Sacken and other dipterists have failed to find the imago, because they collected in the high Sierras only during the
84 WHEELER —VERMILEO COMSTOCKI.
summer months. I take pleasure in dedicating the insect to Prof. Comstock, who first called attention to its extraordinary larval habits.
Vermileo comstocki, sp. nov.
Female. Length 5.5 mm.
Head from the front nearly twice as broad as high, in profile as long as high. Face narrow, about one sixth as broad as the head, rapidly widening upward, longitudinally convex in the middle below. First antennal joint a little longer than broad, second slightly broader than long, terminal joint small, subspherical, slightly acuminate, with a long apical arista which tapers only at the tip and is very finely and indistinctly pubescent. Palpi subcylindrical, subtruncate at the tip. Proboscis fleshy, half as long as the height of the head. Thorax short, seen from above nearly square, behind a little broader than the head. Scutellum somewhat flattened. Abdomen as broad as the thorax and nearly three times as long, with nine distinct seg- ments; the tergites convex transversely near their posterior borders, the intersegmental membranes well developed so that the tergites are distinctly separated from one another. Wings rather short, narrowed and without alule at the base. Venation very similar to that of V. degeeri, but the two branches of the third vein are somewhat longer and less divergent and the posterior branch is not so close to the fourth vein. The discal cell is as broad at the base as at the apex and the anal cell is much more widely open. Fore and middle legs rather short and slender, hind legs considerably longer and more robust; fore tibize with only a single spur, middle and hind tibie each with two prominent spurs. Tarsal claws small, pulvilli very minute.
Eyes dull olive green; antenne and palpi black; proboscis pinkish, with delicate white hairs; face and remainder of head densely gray pollinose. Occipital portions of head with numerous short black hairs. These become longer and whitish towards the mouth. Thorax covered with the same gray pollen as the head, but paler on the pleure; the dorsal surface with a pair of narrow median, and a pair of broader lateral, brownish, longitudinal stripes, the former not reaching the scutellum. Hairs lacking, except on the anterior dorsal surface, where they are black and very short. Abdomen with shining black, non-pollinose dorsal and ventral sclerites, the interseg- mental and lateral membranes being subopaque and dull pink. Legs, in- cluding the cox, of the same color, indistinctly whitish pollinose, the tarsi infuscated towards their tips. Tibie and tarsi, especially the middle and hind pairs, with numerous minute black hairs. Wings uniformly gray, with blackish veins.
The type is in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy.
(4, 253
June 7, 1918 Vou. VI, PP. 85-86
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WOODPECKER FROM PERU.
BY OUTRAM BANGS AND G. K. NOBLE.
Tue following description of a new woodpecker, taken in northwestern Peru by the junior author, is published in advance of a paper dealing with the collection of birds that he made in that region. This is done at the request of Mr. C. B. Cory, to enable him to embody it in the next part of his ‘Catalogue of Birds of the Americas,’ due to appear in July.
The species is named in honor of Professor Theodore Lyman of Harvard University, now serving in France, whose generosity enabled the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy to codperate with the School of Tropical Medicine of Harvard University during its Expedition to Peru (July—October, 1916).
Chrysoptilus atricollis lymani, subsp. nov. Six specimens, two immature (cand @) and adults of both sexes, Huan- cabamba, August.
Type, from Huancabamba, northwestern Peru, no. 80,095, M. C. Z., adult <7, collected August 18, 1916, by G. K. Noble.
Characters. — Similar to C. atricollis atricollis (Malh.), but decidedly smaller; upper parts brighter and more yellowish, with the black bands
86 BANGS AND NOBLE— NEW WOODPECKER [aie
wider; under parts paler, yellower, less olivaceous, —the belly immaculate, pale, dull yellow (the belly in true atricollis is narrowly banded).
MEASUREMENTS (in millimeters).
M.C.Z, no, Sex and age Wing Tail Tarsus Exposed culmen 80,095 oad: 114 82 23.0 28 80,098 o ad. 113 75 23.0 27 80,100 oad. 118 81 2220 29 80,096 9 ad. 120 85 21.5 26
All of the specimens in the series were shot on the tall club- shaped cactus which is very common in the valley of the Huan- cabamba River. Most of the large clumps of cactus of this arid subtropical region show evidence of the depredations of wood- peckers, — chiefly this woodpecker.
263
OcroBER 31, 1918 Vou. VI, pp. 87-89
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NOTES ON THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PAECILONITTA HKYTON.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
For a long time I have suspected that a much larger form of the Bahama duck occupied southern South America, but never have had material enough to be certain. Last spring, however, when Dr. Leonard C. Sanford and I were in the American Museum of Natural History in New York, looking over the marvelous series of water birds made by R. H. Beck for the Brewster-Sanford Collection, I noticed a fine set of fourteen skins of this duck from Argentina. These Dr. Sanford kindly allowed me to take home; and, with four from Surinam lent me by T. E. Penard, and our own material in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, I was able to bring together a very fair series of specimens of the Bahama duck from localities covering in a general way its range.
The Bahama pintail has an extended distribution; it appar- ently is absent from the northwestern corner of South America, — Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, — but it occurs scattered over the remainder of the Continent, and throughout the chain of the West Indies to the Bahamas, with one record for Florida. In the Antilles it occurs in some islands and not in others,
88 BANGS — THE GENUS PAECILONITTA.
Jamaica and Cuba being two of the larger islands from which it is absent. Specimens from the Guianas and the lower Amazon are quite like West Indian examples, and are true Paecilonitta bahamensis (Linn.). Those from southern South America, — southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, etc.,— though little different in color, are much larger, and represent a recognizable subspecies for which there are several names. I have seen no intergrades, but doubtless these occur in middle Brazil or Bolivia.
The Galapagos pintail, Paecilonitta galapagensis Ridg., has by some authors been treated as a species, by others as a sub- species of the continental bird. It is so different from P. baha- mensis that I much prefer to regard it as an island species. It is slightly smaller. The male averages: wing, 202; tail, 76.5; tarsus, 38; culmen, 50.5 mm. The female averages: wing, 185.5; tail, 74; tarsus, 34.5; culmen,46.5mm. In general colora- tion it is grayer, less buffy or fawn-color. The under parts are less sharply spotted, especially in the female, in which the dusky markings have more the appearance of indistinct streaks; the cheeks are thickly spotted with dusky, instead of being immac- ulate white; the axillars, which in P. bahamensis are plain white,! are irregularly spotted or barred with dusky.
The South American pintail, Dafila spinicauda (Vieill.), I unhesitatingly remove from the genus Dafila and place in Paecilonitta, as it shares with the members of the latter genus a culmen which — viewed in profile —is more concave, less straight than in Dafila; a shorter neck; shorter and wider rectrices; a close similiarity of color in the sexes; and also the same general style of coloration.
The African P. erythrorhyncha (Gmel.) is perhaps a little aberrant in its shorter tail, etc., but on the whole it agrees fairly well with the other species of Paecilonitta.
I should therefore arrange the species and subspecies of the genus, as follows: —
1 Very seldom, in P. bahamensis, — perhaps in immature birds, — some of the axillars are somewhat freckled with dusky.
the BANGS — THE GENUS PAECILONITTA. 89
1. Paecilonitta bahamensis bahamensis (Linn.).
Florida, one record;! Bahamas; Greater and Lesser Antilles; Guianas and northern Brazil (southern limit of range not exactly known).
Smaller. Average measurements, male: wing, 209; tail, 94.5; tarsus, 37.5; culmen, 51mm. Female: wing, 197.5; tail, 86; tarsus, 37; culmen, 50 mm.
2. Paecilonitta bahamensis rubrirostris (Vieill.).
N. D., V, p. 108, 1816. Type locality, Buenos Ayres. Southern South America, southern Brazil, Paraguay, Argen- tina, etc.
Larger. Average measurements, male: wing, 225; tail, 112.5; tarsus, 40; culmen, 52mm. Female: wing, 209.5; tail, 96; tarsus, 38; culmen, 51 mm. (Thirteen specimens, seven males and six females, all from Mar del Plata, Argentina, collected by R. H. Beck in September, 1914.)
3. Paecilonitta galapagensis Ridg.
Galapagos Islands.
4. Paecilonitta spinicauda (Vieill.).
Southern South America.
5. Paecilonitta erythrorhyncha (Gmel.).
Africa and Madagascar.
1 Brooks, Auk, Vol. XXX, p. 110, 1913. Cape Canaveral, Florida, taken by Gardner Perry in March, 1912, M.C. Z., no. 60,980.
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OcToBER 31, 1918 Vou. VI, pp. 91-92
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
A NEW GENUS OF CAPRIMULGIDAE.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
Tue Museum of Comparative Zodlogy has lately received a specimen of the rare nightjar, Caprimulgus binotatus Bp., from the Rev. George Schwab, who from time to time, for some years, has sent us collections from the Cameroons.
At the time Hartert wrote his monograph of the Caprimul- gidze (Das Tierreich, 1897) the species was known only by the type in the Leyden Museum, which came from the Gold Coast. Since then Mr. G. L. Bates has secured at least two specimens (now in the British Museum) from the Cameroons. Bates (Ibis, #911, p. 516) thought his last example was rather small, as compared with the measurements given by Hartert for the type. Our skin (M.C. Z., no. 81,130, adult ¢, Metek, Came- roons, February 5, 1917, George Schwab) affords the following measurements: wing, 151; tail-feathers, 103; tarsus, 11; ex- posed culmen, 7mm. These are almost identical with those of the type.
Ornithologists have always referred to this nightjar as a very peculiar species, with no near ally, and well they might. Com-
pose
92 BANGS — A NEW GENUS OF CAPRIMULGIDAE. Vol VI
pared with Caprimulgus europaeus Linn., it is so different that it is certainly best placed in a monotypic genus.
Veles gen. nov.
Type, Caprimulgus binotatus Bp.
Characters. — Wing and tail short; closed wing reaching almost to end of tail; tail composed of rather narrow feathers, double rounded (the third rectrix the longest, 11 mm. longer than outer rectrix, 7 mm. longer than middle rectrices), and very boat-shaped. Rictal bristles very small and weak. Feet strong, toes stout, middle toe short, about equal without its claw to inner and outer toes with claws. Under tail coverts short and fluffy. Coloration plain and dark; above, blackish, vermiculated with dark rusty brown, scapulars blotched with buffy; beneath, rusty brown, vermiculated with blackish, a small patch of silky white feathers on either side of throat, tail black and ferruginous in irregular bands and markings throughout, inner webs of remiges solid black with no lighter markings.
/H3 53
OcToBER 31, 1918 Vou. VI, pp. 93-94
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
A NEW RACE OF THE BLACK-THROATED GREEN WOOD WARBLER.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
Mr. ARTHUR T. WayYNE has lately called my attention to a form of the black-throated green wood warbler, which he finds breeding locally in certain primeval swamps in the lowlands of South Carolina, near Mount Pleasant, in Berkeley County. He has sent me seven males for comparison with Northern material, and this series proves to represent a form easily dis- tinguished from true Dendroica virens (Gmel.). I take great pleasure in naming it after the keen ornithologist and excellent observer and collector who discovered it, and who noticed its peculiarities even without sufficient material with which to compare it.
Mr. Wayne has not yet taken the eggs of this bird, but has seen two females in the act of nest-building. The breeding Season is early, — the middle of April, — and specimens have been shot near Mount Pleasant as early as March 27, — a date when true D. virens is still in winter quarters in Mexico or Central America. It would thus seem not unlikely that the South Carolina form is resident and non-migratory, and I hope Mr. Wayne will be able to prove whether or not this is so. I have examined all our winter specimens from Mexico and
Pee
94 BANGS — A RACE OF DENDROICA VIRENS. Vol. VI
Central America, some fifty in number, and all are referable to the Northern true D. virens.
Mr. Wayne tells me that, if the old-growth forest is cut in one of the tracts inhabited by the South Carolina black-throated green wood warbler, it at once disappears entirely from that place.
Dendroica virens waynei subsp. nov.
Type, from near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, ¢ adult, no. 81,495, coll. Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, collected April 25, 1918, by Arthur T. Wayne. (Original no. 6645, coll. A. T. Wayne.)
Characters. — Similar to true Dendroica virens (Gmel.) but duller in general coloration, the black throat patch rather more restricted, especially on sides of breast and chest; breast and belly whiter — much less suffused with yellowish; upper parts duller, less yellowish olive-green; wing bands slightly duller whitish and slightly narrower; sides of head paler yellow. Size about the same; bill very small (measurements of a bill so small do not convey the same impression that an actual comparison of specimens does. The bill of the new form when compared with that of D. virens virens appears not more than two thirds as large).
Measurements. — Seven males: wing, 61-65 (62.5); tail-feathers, 45-47 (46.0); tarsus, 17-18 (17.5); culmen, 8.5-9.0 (8.8) mm.
14, 253
Fesruary 8, 1919 Vou. VI, pp. 95-98
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
NOTES ON SOUTH AMERICAN SHORT-EARED OWLS.
BY OUTRAM BANGS.
At my request, Dr. Leonard C. Sanford has kindly lent me for study the short-eared owls collected by R. H. Beck in the Falkland Islands and Mas-a-Tierra Island, and Dr. F. M. Chap- man has put into my hands the entire series from South America belonging to the American Museum of Natural History. These, combined with the material in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, form the basis of the following notes.
It has been the almost universal custom of ornithologists to give the American range of the short-eared owl as ‘‘ North and South *America, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to Pata- gonia,’’— or in words to that effect. This is misleading, and not entirely correct. I find no record for the short-eared owl from anywhere in southern Central America, nor in the vast forested regions of northern South America. Even on migration North American birds range south only about as far as Guatemala and Cuba and occasionally other West Indian Islands (there is one skin from St. Bartholomew Island in the Museum of Compara- tive Zoédlogy). In South America, except for the very distinct local forms in the more northern parts of the country, of which
96 BANGS — SHORT-EARED OWLS. Boe
I shall speak later, the short-eared owl is confined to the open regions, south of the forest, in temperate southern South America. The form of southern South America is thus widely separated from the range of the circumpolar Asio flammeus flammeus (Pontoppidan) by an enormous extent of country.
In general appearance the bird of southern South America is very similar to Asio flammeus flammeus, but there are slight differences that seem to be constant. These, together with its isolated position, make me favor recognizing it as a valid sub- species, as
Asio flammeus breviauris (Schlegel).
Otus breviauris Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, II, no. 11, 4, 1863. Based on Otus breviauris Licht., Nomencl. Av., Mus. Berol., 6, 1854, Brazil, nomen nudum.
Distribution. — The whole of southern South America, north, roughly speaking, to southern Brazil, southern Bolivia and southern Peru; Mas-a- Tierra Island.
Characters. — Very similar to A. flammeus flammeus, — differing in hav- ing a larger bill, though otherwise of about the same size; in color, averaging slightly paler above, that is, the dark centres of the feathers are narrower and the pale edges wider; under wing-coverts less often spotted with dusky, — usually immaculate, — and, when spotted, the spots smaller and fewer.
Size. — Irrespective of sex.1 Wing, 307 (295-321); tail, 148.5 (140-160) ; culmen from cere, 19.6 (18.5-21) mm. Based on eleven adults.
Five adult birds taken by Beck in Mas-a-Tierra Island are, so far as I can see, quite like those from the mainland, and they show the same variation in size.
In the Falkland Islands a smaller and otherwise slightly dif- ferent form occurs, which I take great pleasure in naming for Dr. Leonard C. Sanford, to whose enthusiasm is due the monu- mental collection made by R. H. Beck along the shores and among the islands of southern South America.
1 There is very little if any difference in size in the sexes of the short-eared owl; in the large series of A. flammeus flammeus I have measured in this connection the female did not average larger than the male, although many of the larger examples were females.
a8) BANGS — SHORT-EARED OWLS. 97
1919
Asio flammeus sanfordi subsp. nov.
Type, from Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands, adult ?, original no. 5054, Brewster-Sanford Collection in American Museum of Natural History, col- lected December 17, 1915, by R. H. Beck.
Distribution. — The Falkland Islands.
Characters. — Similar to A. flammeus flammeus and A. f. breviauris, but decidedly smaller; tips of longer primaries narrower and more pointed; general coloration darker; upper parts, from neck backward, including scapulars, wings and their coverts, more mottled, due to the pale markings at the sides of the feathers being more irregular in shape.
Size. — Four adult topotypes, both sexes: wing, 283 (276-288); tail, 139.5 (136-146); culmen from cere, 17 (16-18) mm.
Lately another very interesting and strongly marked form has been described by Chapman from the Bogoté Savanna: —
Asio flammeus bogotensis Chapman.
Asio flammeus bogotensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXIV, 370, 1915, Bogota Savanna, Colombia.
Distribution. — The Bogoté Savanna (and high Ecuador ?).
Characters. — A very distinct subspecies, at once distinguished from the other races of Asio flammeus by its general dark coloration and the much more uniform brown of the upper parts, with but little ochraceous or whitish intermixed.
Size. — Three adult topotypes: wing, 298.5 (295-303); tail, 141 (140- 143); culmen from cere, 19 (18-20) mm.
Nine months after Chapman’s description appeared, Chubb named a short-eared owl from high Ecuador, as Aszo galapa- goensis aequatorialis (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XXXVI, 46, Feb., 1916, Pichincha, Ecuador, 11,000 feet altitude). He compared his bird only with the peculiar little species of the Galapa- gos, — Asio galapagoensis (Gould), — apparently overlooking
98 BANGS — SHORT-EARED OWLS.
the Asio flammeus bogotensis Chapman, else he certainly would, have made reference to it. I have seen no specimens from Ecuador, and so cannot speak positively, but there is nothing in Chubb’s diagnosis to distinguish his aequatorialis from bogoten- sis. I cannot believe that. aequatorialis, even if different from bogotensis, is a subspecies of the extraordinary island species Asio galapagoensis, which has cross-barred, as well as striped, underparts, and has broadly streaked legs.
\4Y,ass
Marcu 21, 1919 Vou. VI, pp. 99-114
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB
SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE.
BY BENJAMIN PRESTON CLARK.
At the end of another year! I have a number of Sphingidae which appear to be undescribed, and to deserve recognition as species or subspecies. Six of these are North American; one is from the West Indies; five are from Central and South America; two are African. In addition to these there are six species, of which heretofore but one sex has been described, and of which I now have material that enables me to describe the other sex.
I desire to make the following corrections in my previous papers, and also to offer a suggestion as to one subspecies of Rothschild and Jordan.
I find that Orecta fruhstorferi? Clark is in every respect like a drawing of the female of O. lycidas, which I have received from Tring. It is the first good drawing of this latter species, which I have seen. A series of specimens, in which I had supposed both O. l. eos and O. 1. lycidas to be represented, while it shows wide variation in wing form, consists evidently wholly of eos. I wish therefore to express a doubt as to the soundness of O. fruhstorferi. Iwas misled by the only available drawings.
1 See Proc. N. E. Zoél. Club, VI, pp. 57-72. 2 Proc. N. E. Zodl. Club, VI, p. 45; pl. V, fig. 4.
100 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE = [PV :2.2.C-
Amplypterus palmeri brasiliensis! Clark is, I think, not a good subspecies. A longer series fails to show distinguishing marks from the northern form.
The specimen of Pholus satellitia intermedia Clark, figured in these Proceedings (Vol. VI, Plate IX, fig. 1), is a female, not a male.
Oxyambulyx substrigilis wilemani R. and J. (Novitates Zo- ologicae, XXIII, p. 254, 1916) seems to be wrongly classed as a subspecies. One hesitates to question any name given from Tring, but O. substriglis staudingeri Roths. occurs from Manila, the type locality of wilemanz, and two subspecies of one species cannot be expected to occur in the same locality. Should not the form be known as Oxyambulyx wilemani ?
It is still my belief that further investigation of the moun- tains of Mexico, and of South America as a whole, will add many new Sphingid forms. In this connection I wish to call especial attention to the new Gurelca here described from northern Mexico. This genus, heretofore, has been found only in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Protoparce brontes smythi subsp. nov. Plate X, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., 9, 47 mm. Al. ant. lat., 9, 22 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 28 mm.
Habitat.—Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark
I have no specimen of P. brontes cubensis from Porto Rico, but this species has been noted from that island by Dewitz, Moschler, and Gundlach. The specimen here described is different in its general coloration and wing shape from P. b. brontes, P. b. cubensis, and P. b. haitensis. It is a broader- winged insect, and the general tone of the thorax, abdomen above, and fore wing, is light brown with dark brown markings, while the three other forms from Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti, are white to gray, with black mark- ings. The dark semicircular area, with its base on the costal margin, so prominent in the three other forms, is, in this specimen from Porto Rico, of the same color as the rest of the fore wing. In general the coloration of
1 Proc. N. E. Zoél. Club, VI, p. 44; pl. IV, fig. 3.
March1] CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 101
the fore wing is much more uniform than in the other races, and at the same time the dark brown markings are more distinct than in the other forms. The postmedian undulate band extending from the costal to the inner margin is broad, — 8 mm. at the costal margin, narrowing to 5 mm. at the inner margin, — and is very clearly defined in its outlines. The hind wing also is brown instead of black, as in the other forms. While these differ- ences are very marked, and may result in the separation of this form as a distinct species, still, until I have actually seen a specimen of P. brontes cubensis from Porto Rico, I prefer to consider this a subspecies of brontes.
Protoparce schausi sp. nov. Plate X, figure 2.
Al. ant. long., o’, 48 mm.; 9, 64 mm. Al. ant. lat., 1, 20 mm.; 9, 27mm. Marg. ext., 1, 28mm.; 9, 38 mm.
Habitat. — San Jose, Costa Rica, one male, Sept., 1903, collected by P. Biolley, received in exchange from Dr. William J. Holland of the Carnegie Museum. Iguala, Guatemala, one male. Tula and Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, one male and one female. The three latter specimens were given me by William Schaus, who collected them. Three males and one female in coll. B. Preston Clark.
This species is intermediate between P. lichenea and P. florestan. Its general maculation is like both these species. But while its general colora- tion on the body and fore wing is gray with a green tinge, like P. florestan, the fore wing above is darker in tint — especially the semicircular median area on the costal margin, which is often so prominent in florestan. The fore wing is narrower than in florestan, and like lichenea in form, having the same concavity on the distal margin anterior to the hinder angle. Stigma minute, much smaller than in either florestan or lichenea. I should hesitate to separate this form, were it not that the four specimens show the same distinctly marked characteristics.
Chlaenogramma obscura Clark. Plate X, figure 3.
Al. ant. long., o’, 38mm. Al. ant. lat., 7,15 mm. Marg. ext., o’, 21 mm.
Habitat. — La Rioja, Argentina. Two males in coll. B. Preston Clark, received from my friend, Dr. Eugenio Giacomelli.
The description of the female of this species (Proc. N. E. Z. C., Vol. VI, p. 48, 1916) applies to these males. Both of the latter are somewhat worn,
Eek
102 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE VoL vi
and the markings are thus less distinct. The abdomens of the male speci- mens are, however, in better condition than that of the female. The ab- domen is light brown, not dark brown, and is irrorated with white scales. It has dark brown side spots, and has transverse dark brown bands at the junction of the abdominal segments.
Lapara halicarniae (Strecker). Plate XI, figure 1.
Sphinx halicarnie Strecker, Bull. Brooklyn Entomological Society, III, 1880, p. 35, figure.
The type specimen of Lapara halicarniae (Strecker) is, I think, a hypertrophied female. Some years ago Dr. William J. Holland suggested in the ‘ Moth Book’ (1903, p. 53) that this type specimen was a hypertrophied female, and there are two facts which indicate the soundness and wisdom of his suggestion.
1. Other specimens collected at and near the type locality of halicarniae (Enterprise, Florida) are like it in all respects, save in the wing form, which in the type of halicarniae is bombycid, and in the color, which I believe to be faded, as are many of the specimens in the Strecker collection.
2. A female of Protoparce sexta sexta from Ohio has identically the same wing form as the type of halicarniae, strongly bombycid.
Mr. William Schaus, Mr. Andrey N. Avinoff and Mr. Jacob Doll are all in agrement with me as to the hypertrophied char- acter of the type. In Plate XIII, figure 1, I have reproduced the type specimen of halicarniae; in Plate XI, figure 1, a normal specimen of what I believe to be the same form; and in Plate XIII, figure 2, an outline of the bombycid specimen of Protoparce sexta sexta. A description of the normal form follows.
Al. ant. long., o’', 24 mm.; 9,40 mm. AL. ant. lat., 7%, 13 mm.; @, 16mm. Marg. ext., oo, 18 mm.; ?, 21 mm.
Habitat. — Fort Schuyler, Enterprise, and Charlotte Harbor, Florida. A series of six males and eight females in coll. B. Preston Clark.
Maren?1] CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 103
This species is distinct from Lapara coniferarum. It is a much larger insect. The markings of the fore wing are fainter, and often so vestigial that the wing is unicolorous, lacking even the two longitudinal postcellular dashes. These differences become very evident as one compares series of the two forms. The genitalia also are entirely different.
Pseudoclanis karschi R. and J. Plate XI, figure 2.
Al, ant. long., co’, 52 mm. Al. ant. lat., &, 18 mm. Marg. ext., o’, 25 mm.
Habitat. — Lolodorf, Cameroons, West Africa. One male, in coll. B. Preston Clark, collected by A. I. Good, received in exchange from the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa.
The male of this remarkable species has not heretofore, I think, been described, although the female was described by Rothschild and Jordan fifteen years ago (Revision of the Sphingidae, p. 220).
The coloration of the male is in all respects like that of the female. The remarkable feature of the male is the shape of the fore wing. The costal margin runs from the base almost straight, very slightly convex; but at a point 12 mm. from the apex the margin curves sharply posteriorly. The apex of the wing is rounded, and 1 mm. in width. The distal margin is in- cised very sharply from the wing apex, at first following the line of SC5; it is then scalloped to R1, where it is bluntly angled. The distal margin is again deeply scalloped between R1 and R2, and scalloped less deeply between the other veins, to M2. Hinder angle rounded. The distance from the angle on R3 to the apex of the fore wing, in a direct line, which really measures the faleate portion of the wing, is 15 mm.
The hind wing is sharply pointed at the apex, the distal margin is slightly wavy, and the hinder angle rounded. I know of no Sphingid with such a singularly shaped fore wing.
104 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE § [Py civic"
Sphinx dolli engelhardti subsp. nov. Plate XI, figure 3.
Al. ant. long., o#', 25 mm.; 9, 26 mm. AI. ant. lat., 7,9 mm; Q, 9.5mm. Marg., ext., o',14mm.; 9, 14.5 mm.
Habitat. — Bellevue, Washington Co., Utah, 4000 ft. alt. Three males and one female, June 27, 1917, in coll. B. Preston Clark; one male in coll. Brooklyn Museum.
Some years ago Mr. George P. Engelhardt took a male of Sphinx dolli in Bellevue, Utah. It is now in the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences. It was supposed at the time to be S. dolli dolli. In the summer of 1917 Mr. Jacob Doll and Mr. George P. Engelhardt went to Utah, the special object of the trip being to rediscover Sphinz dolli. They took four speci- mens, three males and one female, which on examination prove to be a hitherto undescribed form of dolli, to which I have given Mr. Engelhardt’s name.
This Utah form is midway between coloradus and dolli. The head and thorax are light gray, in contrast to coloradus, in which the patagiae are dark brown, bordered with a black line, outside which is a narrow white line. The thoracic marking of dolli are similar to those of coloradus, but are dark gray where coloradus is brown. The abdomen of engelhardti is light gray, the fringe of tergites brown; abdominal side patches dark gray, but not prominent as are the side patches in both dolli and coloradus. The antennae are lighter in color than in the other two forms.
The fore and hind wings above are uniformly gray, there not being the contrast in color between the whitish light-colored costal area of coloradus and the darker posterior area. The ground tone is darker than in dolli. The dark submarginal line R2—M2 occurs in this form, but is less marked than in coloradus. The dark markings, so prominent in the fore wing of -coloradus, are much fainter in the Utah form, though more prominent than in dolli, in which they ‘are vestigial.
The fore and hind wings below are gray, like dolli, and unlike the brown tone of coloradus.
Maren 1] CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 105
Dolba hylaeus floridensis subsp. nov. Plate XI, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., #7, 26 mm.; 9,32 mm. Al. ant. lat., 7, 11mm.; 9, 14mm. Marg. ext., 7, 14 mm.; 9, 19 mm.
Habitat. — Parish, Florida. Four males and three females in coll. B. Preston Clark.
The Florida specimens of D. hylaeus differ markedly from the Northern race, in that they all show less contrast between the dark and light mark- ings of both fore and hind wing above. The sharply white markings of the Northern form become, in the Southern race, gray and more indistinct.
The difference on the under side of both fore and hind wings is still more marked. The geminate postmedian line of the fore wing below, bordered posteriorly with a white hand, becomes in the Florida form vestigial, the wing being brown, unicolorous. The hind wing below also is brown, uni- colorous, save for a faint postmedian band parallel to the distal margin and an irregular longitudinal white area parallel to the anal margin.
These differences are well marked, and their occurrence adds one more form to the group of Sphingidae occurring in the Gulf States and westward.
Smerinthus cerisyi ophthalmica ab. nigrescens Plate XI, figure 5.
Al. ant. long., 7, 29 mm.; 9, 34mm. AI. ant. lat., 7,13 mm.; 9, 15mm. Marg. ext.,.o‘,16mm.; 9, 18 mm.
Habitat. — Mission San José, California, 1500 ft. alt., May, 1917. Three males and three females in coll. B, Preston Clark.
This series was raised from larvae, except one which came to a light.
The ground tone of the fore wing above is dark olive brown, the lighter shading being silvery gray. The coloring of the hind wing above is darker than the normal form, the pink area is less extended than in pallidulus, while the circular blue marking, so prominent in the other forms of cerisyt, is here very faint and only 3 mm. in diameter. The ground tone of both wings beneath is dark olive brown, with the lighter shading silvery gray, as on the upper side.
It is a shorter-winged insect than f. pallidulus.
Bae
106 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE Vol VI
Isognathus rimosa brasiliensis subsp. nov.
Plate XII, figure 1.
Al. ant. long., o, 40 to 42 mm. AI. ant. lat., 7, 15 to 16mm. Marg. ext., o’, 22 to 23 mm.
Habitat. — Mogy Forest, Sao Paulo (E. May); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two males in coll. B. Preston Clark.
This form is very close to J. rimosa papayae. The fore wing above, how- ever, is less strongly marked, and more uniformly gray. The ground tone is not white. The second discal line on under side of hind wing is less promi- nent than in papayae, and there are traces of the first discal line. The ab- dominal bands are less distinct than in the other forms of this species.
Isognathus mossi sp. nov.
Plate XII, figure 2.
Al. ant. long., o', 36 mm.; 9, 41 mm. AI. ant. lat., ¢, 15 mm.; 9, 17mm. Marg. ext., o',20mm.; 9, 22 mm.
Habitat. — Manaos, Brazil. Two males and one female in coll. B. Pres- ton Clark. Named for my friend, Rev. A. Miles Moss, who collected them and presented them to me. He raised them from the larvae, which he caught on the bank of the Amazon River.
A clearly marked and very beautiful species, resembling most nearly I. menechus, but with the thorax, abdomen above and beneath, ground color of both fore wing and hind wing, above and beneath, all much darker in tone.
Antennae brown above, white beneath. Palpus warm brown, irrorated with white. Occiput, thorax and abdomen above, brown-gray, slightly irro- rated with white. Abdominal bands black, distinct. .
Fore wing above: Brown-gray, irrorated with white, uniform in tint. Geminate basal dots gray, inconspicuous. Antemedian pair of transverse black lines disappearing before they reach the inner margin. Three black antemedian spots, 1 mm. in diameter, and three postmedian spots of the same size, all on costal margin, the three latter extended in wavy lines which approach one another on R1. The black half-ring of J. menechus is present, though less prominent. White discal vein dots barely noticeable.
Mart). | | CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 107
1919
Hind wing above: Basal area orange. Black distal band, 10 mm. in width at the costal margin, narrowing gradually to 5 mm. on M2, where it narrows abruptly and extends narrowly to the anal angle; obscurely irro- rated with white along the distal margin. Faint gray geminate line at hinder angle parallel to distal margin, and included in the marginal band.
Fore wing beneath: Brown-gray, yellow toward inner margin. Sub- marginal lunulate dark line extends from a point on the costal margin 11 mm. from the apex, to a point on the inner margin 5 mm. from the hinder angle. This line accentuated by black vein dots. Parallel to it, at a dis- tance of 4 mm., extends a faint postmedian lunulate dark line. An obscure white patch on costal margin on each side of the submarginal line. Cilia prominently white at the veins.
Hind wing beneath: Similar in color to fore wing. A dark lunulate line extends from a point on the costal margin 7 mm. from the apex to a point 3 mm. from the distal margin at the anal angle. Inside this line extending from the anal margin to R2, is an orange area, extending to the base of the wing. Second and third discal lines extend obscurely from costal margin to the orange area.
Cautethia yucatana sp. nov. Plate XII, figure 3.
Al ant: long, 9, 16 mm: Al. ant. lat., 9, 7.5 mm. ‘Marg. ext., 9, 8 mm.
Habitat. — Izamal, Yucatan. One male and one female in coll. B. Pres- ton Clark, taken by George F. Gaumer.
While I have not examined the genital armature of this form, I have no doubt that it is a distinct species. It is closely allied to C. spuria, The yellow basal area of the hind wing is as pale as in that form, and the ground tone of the fore wing is of the same smoky gray color. In both these re- spects it differs from C. grotei and from C. noctuiformis, in each of which the basal area of the hind wing is orange and the fore wing above is lighter in color. The black marginal band of the hind wing above extends almost to the cell. It differs from C. spuria in being a distinctly smaller form. The markings of the fore wing above are less prominent. The basal area is lighter in color. A dark band extends from the hinder angle of the fore wing obliquely basad; it narrows, and then continues obscurely to the median point of the costal margin. This band is similar to that in C. noctui- formis. In C. spuria this line is replaced by a broader triangular patch, with its base at the hinder angle, and its apex on M2, and running less obliquely to the inner margin, thus forming a wider angle.
108 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE [Py 22.0.
Perigonia lusca bahamensis subsp. nov. Plate XII, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., o’, 29mm.; 9, 31 mm. Al. ant., lat., #, 11.5 mm.; 9, 12mm. Marg. ext., o',16mm.; 9,17 mm.
Habitat.— Andros Island, Bahamas. Males and females in coll. B. Preston Clark, taken by W. M Mann, July, 1917.
The Bahaman form of P. lusca is larger than the other West Indian forms of this species. The light shading on the fore wing above, of the basal area, of the undulate postmedian line, and of the distal marginal area, gray in f. interrupta Walker, has, in this form, a bluish tinge. The same is true of the patch at the hinder angle of the hind wing above. The yellow area at the anal angle of the hind wing above is much more marked than in f, interrupta, to which this form is closely allied. The ground tone of both the fore wing and the hind wing below, gray in f. interrupta, is distinctly rufous in the Bahama individuals.
While in its general maculation this form is very close to f. interrupta, its size, which appears to be uniformly greater in a considerable series, as well as the marked differences in color above noted, seem to justify subspecific separation.
Gurelca sonorensis sp. nov. Plate XII, figure 5.
Al. ant. long., o',17 mm. Al. ant. lat., 7,7 mm. Marg. ext., 7, 7mm,
Habitat. — Copete Mine, thirty miles east of Carbo, Sonora, Mexico, One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, collected by Dr. F. C. Nicholas, August, 1915.
This is a remarkable form, and marks the first occurrence of the genus Gurelca in the Western Hemisphere. Through personal conversation with Dr. Nicholas I have verified the locality.
Palpus projecting, terminal surface triangular, almost quadrangular; scales at apex of first segment prolonged laterally, forming a kind of fan; brown. In all respects typical of the genus. Antenna (only the left present, and that broken) brown, compressed, filiform. Thorax and ab- domen above, light brown; dark brown lateral patches on tergites. Ab- domen below, yellow-brown, irrorated with dark brown. Minute white lateral patches at the base of segments 4 to 6.
Fore wing above: Light brown with darker markings. Elongate basal patch 2 mm. in length. Dark antemedian line extending obscurely from a
Mareh 21] CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 109
point on costal margin one third the distance from the base to the apex, to the inner margin, which it reaches at a point 4 mm. distant from the base of the wing. A median line extends from a point on the costal margin, slightly nearer the apex than the base, diagonally to the inner margin, which it reaches at a point midway from the base to the hinder angle. This line contains within itself near the costal margin a light elongate dot. Pos- teriorly of M1 and between the median line and the hinder angle, are sev- eral sharply angled sagittate lines, with their apices basad. Light brown shade at hinder angle. A submarginal line runs from a point 4 mm. dis- tant from the apex on the costal margin irregularly to the hinder angle. A light shade between this line and the distal margin, extending 1.5 mm. from the apex. Cilia long, brown.
Fore wing below: Light brown, save for a dark brown irregular distal marginal band, extending deeply basad on R2, and curving basad between M1 and hinder angle. Light yellow line, 2.5 mm. in length, extends from a point close to costal margin, and midway between the base and the apex, diagonally basad toward inner margin. A light yellow area runs basad of the distal margin except at the incised angle. Fore wing is rounded at the apex, in marked contrast with the sharp tip of the other four species. Dis- tal margin slightly convex from SC5 to R3, lobed on M1 and at hinder angle, again contrasted with the sharp hinder angle of the other species.
Hind wing above: Basal area yellow. Distal margin dark brown. Mar- ginal area 4.5 mm. wide at the inner margin and 3 mm. wide at anal angle. This marginal area is dentate between the veins, its outline being thus ir- regular. A whitish area at the anal angle, bisected by a narrow dark line parallel to the distal margin, and running just within the dark distal mar- gin to the inner margin. Cilia brown, white between the veins.
Hind wing below: Light yellow save for the distal margin, which is dark brown, 4.5 mm. wide at the inner margin, and tapering to a point at the anal angle. Basad of the distal band, and 1.5 mm. distant from it, runs a narrow dark line. Within the cell is a dark brown triangular area, bor- dered posteriorly with white. The inner margin of the hind wing is very strongly convex toward the base, as in the other species.
Temnora avinoffi sp. nov. Plate XII, figure 6.
Al. ant. long., o, 24 mm. Al. ant. lat., o, 11 mm. Marg. ext., o, 13 mm.
Habitat.—Fulasi, Cameroons, West Africa. One male in coll. B. Preston Clark, collected by A. I. Good, received in exchange from the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa.
110 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE— [?).240-
Named for my friend Andrey N. Avinoff, who corrected my impression that the specimen was a Hypaedalia.
Palpus light brown, shading to dark brown at the base. Antennae dark brown. Thorax and abdomen mummy-brown above, light brown beneath.
Fore wing above: Mummy-brown. A narrow, straight dark line extends from a point on the costal margin slightly basad of its median point, to M2 which it reaches 2 mm. from the distal margin. From M2 this line curves basad, reaching the inner margin 2 mm. from the hinder angle. An irregu- lar marginal distal band 6 mm. wide at the apex, narrowing abruptly to 3 mm. on SC5, then broadening to 5 mm. on R2, and narrowing again to 2 mm. at the hinder angle. This band is slightly darker than the area be- tween it and the median line. Distal margin irregular in outline, scalloped between the veins; outline very similar to that cf T. wallastoni. Hinder angle projecting, rounded. Cilia dark brown.
Hind wing above: Black, unicolorous. Cilia light yellow, black at the veins.
Fore wing below: Basal area black to a point slightly beyond the median point on the costal margin, and to a point about two thirds the distance to the hinder angle on the inner margin. Obscure white stigma near apex of cell. Apical area light brown. Irregular submarginal distal line correspond- ing to that on upper side; faintly geminate from R3 to hinder angle.
Hind wing below: Light brown. Three wavy, faint dark brown lines, one median, the second postmedian, and the third submarginal, parallel to each other, and approximately so to the distal margin. Marginal band slightly darker than the tone of the wing, extending from the apex to M2. The shape of this band is broadly lunar. This species is allied to 7. wal- lastonit R. and J.
Temnora brunescens sp nov. Plate XII, figure 7.
Al. ant. long., 9, 20 mm. Al. ant. lat., 9, 10 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 12 mm.
Habitat. — West Pondoland, South Africa. One female in coll. B. Pres- ton Clark, received from Mr. E. LeMoult, Paris.
Antennae brown. Thorax and abdomen above, warm brown with a purp- lish tinge. Thorax crested. Palpi brown-purple, third segment white. Eye with white lashes. Abdomen beneath brown-purple; with minute white side tufts.
Fore wing above: red-brown with purplish tinge. A triangular dark red-brown area with its base, 3 mm. in width, on the costal margin, and its inner edge 12 mm. from the base, extends to the distal margin, where it narrows to a point on M1. The area between this triangle and the apex
1919 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 111
March | is of a lighter brown color than the rest of the wing, making the dark red- brown triangular area more distinctly marked apically. The distal margin is of a curious outline, strongly lobed at the veins. It is strongly concave from a lobe on SC5 to R3 where it is strongly lobed, and within this con- cavity it is weakly lobed on R1 and R2. It is again strongly lobed on M1, weakly so on M2, and the lobe at the hinder angle is so strongly and bluntly produced that the inner margin is deeply concave. The general outline of the distal margin is like 7. zantus apiciplaga. Cilia brown. The tips of both fore wings are broken off. Minute white stigma at apex of cell.
Hind wing above: dark brown, unicolorous. Cilia white, dark at the veins. Distal margin concave between the veins.
Fore wing beneath: mummy-brown, unicolorous; darker toward the base and hinder margin. Minute white stigma on cell. Narrow, indistinct, irregular, dark brown submarginal band.
Hind wing beneath: Mummy-brown, unicolorous. A narrow, geminate, indistinct, irregular, dark brown band runs roughly parallel to the distal margin.
Protoparce barnesi sp. nov. Plate XIII, figure 3.
Al. ant. long., 9, 60 mm. AI. ant. lat., 9, 23 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 34 mm. .
Habitat. — Escuintla, Guatemala. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark, collected, July, 1917, by my friends William Schaus and J. T. Barnes, and given me by them. Taken on an electric light pole.
This species is allied to P. franciscae Clark, and more closely to P. flores- tan; but it is longer-winged than the latter.
Fore wing above: Ground tone white, with no green tinge. Black discal streaks R3—M2 lacking. The markings are all faint, and the semicircular median area on costal margin, often so pronounced in P. florestan, is en- tirely lacking. Stigma lacking.
Hind wing above: Black, irrorated with white toward anal angle. Cilia white, black at the veins. The apical line, so deeply curved basad, between the apex and SC5, in franciscae and florestan, is much less so in this species.
Fore wing below: Unicolorous, brown. Cilia white, brown at the veins. Very narrow distal black marginal band, slightly undulate between the veins.
Hind wing below: Brown. Basal third of the wing heavily irrorated with white. Two broad whitish bands, indefinite in outline, one median, the other postmedian, parallel to the distal margin, but turning slightly basad as they approach the inner margin.
112 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE [PF ZC.
Calasymbolus myops occidentalis subsp. nov. Plate XIII, figure 4.
Al. ant. long., o', 26 mm.; 9, 31 mm. Al. ant. lat., o', 11 mm.; 9, 12mm. Marg. ext., 7, 14mm.; 9, 16 mm.
Habitat. — Glenwood Springs and Boulder, Colorado. One male and one female in coll. B. Preston Clark, given me by Dr. William Barnes and Mr. T. A. D. Cockerell.
This form is much lighter in color throughout than the Eastern individ- uals. The ground tone of both wings, above and beneath, is light yellowish brown, irrorated with pink. The central dot of the spot on the hind wing is pale blue, and smaller than in the typical form. The scalloped markings of both wings below, which in the Eastern form are blue shading to pink, in the Colorado specimens are light pink shading to white. There is a much sharper contrast in color between the light and dark portions of both fore and hind wing above, and less contrast on the under sides of both wings, than in the typical form. The distal margin of the fore wing between SC5 and M1 is more convex than in the typical form. The light submarginal lines on the fore wing are also slightly farther from the distal margin.
Sphinx dolli dolli Neumoegen.
Al. ant. long., 9, 27 mm. Al. ant. lat.. 9, 10 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 15 mm.
Habitat. — Yavapai Co., Arizona. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark.
This specimen was taken by Mr. O. Buchholz on July 9, many years ago, and came from him to my collection in 1918.
It is in all respects similar to the male, except that the markings are somewhat less distinct. The antennae are light-colored above, and dark below, instead of being dark-colored both above and below, as in the male.
Monarda oryx Druce.
Al. ant. long., 9, 35 mm. Al. ant. lat., 9, 17 mm. Marg. ext., 2, 22 mm.
Habitat. — Mexico. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark.
The male was described from Jalisco, Mexico, in 1896, but I know of no description of the female. The single specimen which I have, was given me in exchange by the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences.
Marc!]| | CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE 113
The maculation and general characteristics are in all respects like those of the male, except the antennae. These are shorter, less than one third the length of the fore wing, slender, filiform, light brown.
Xylophanes maculator wolfi Druce.
Al. ant. long., 2, 388 mm. Al. ant. lat., 9, 16 mm. Marg. ext., 9, 19 mm.
Habitat. — Manaos, Brazil. This female was taken by my friend, Rev. A. Miles Moss, March 5, 1917, a thousand miles up the Amazon. It is a perfect specimen.
Its markings are in all respects similar to a drawing made of one of the males in the Tring Museum. Proximally of the main line of the fore wing there is much more uniformity of color than in X. maculator, and the con- trast is stronger between the uniform light coloring of the proximal portion of the fore wing and the portion lying posteriorly of the main line. This contrast is especially marked toward the hinder angle where the fore wing is very dark. This point of difference from X. maculator has not, I think, been previously noted.
Euproserpinus euterpe Edw.
Al. ant. long., 2,17 mm. Al. ant. lat., 9,7mm. Marg. ext., 2,11 mm.
Habitat. — Southern California. One female in coll. B. Preston Clark, given me by my friend Jacob Doll, and received by him through C. V. Riley in 1888.
Edwards’ description of H. euterpe is remarkably fine. There are a few points, however, which may well be stated.
One type is a male, though spoken of as a female.
The ground tone of the female specimen, as well as that of a male in my collection, is brown, while that of H#. phaeton is black. There is less con- trast between the marginal discal band of the fore wing than in phaeton, and the band itself is more deeply incised.
The abdomen, in both the male and the female, has pale side tufts. These are much less marked in the male, and this is true also of phaeton.
The antennae of the male of ewterpe are, as noted by Edwards, of equal size throughout, and not clubbed as in phaeton. They are also slightly longer, The antennae of the female of euterpe are markedly longer than
114 CLARK — SOME UNDESCRIBED SPHINGIDAE [PB Z.C-
in phaeton, being 9 mm. in length; they are more slender, and very slightly clubbed, while those of the female of phaeton are strongly clubbed, as in the male.
The marginal band of the hind wing in the female of euterpe is less mark- edly convex than in the male.
This sphingid is evidently very rare. Several collectors searching for a number of years have failed to rediscover it.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PLATE X.
Figure 1. Protoparce brontes smythi subsp. nov. Female. Figure 2. Protoparce schausi sp. nov. Male. Figure 3. Chlaenogramma obscura Clark. Male.
PuatTe XI.
Figure 1. Lapara halicarniae (Strecker). Female.
Figure 2. Pseudoclanis karschi R. and J. Male.
Figure 3. Sphina dolli engelhardti subsp. nov. Male.
Figure 4. Dolba hylaeus floridensis subsp. nov. Female.
Figure 5. Smerinthus cerisyi ophthalmica ab. nigrescens. Female.
Puate XII.
Figure 1. Jsognathus rimosa brasiliensis subsp. nov. Male. Figure 2. Jsognathus mossi sp. nov. Male.
Figure 3. Cautethia yucatana sp. nov. Female.
Figure 4. Perigonia lusca bahamensis subsp. nov. Female. Figure 5. Gurelca sonorensis sp. nov. Male.
Figure 6. Temnora avinoffi sp. nov. Male.
Figure 7. Temnora brunescens sp. nov. Female.
Puate XIII.
Figure 1. Lapara halicarniae Strecker. Female. Type.
Figure 2. Protoparce sexta sexta Johansson. Outline of hypertrophied female.
Figure 3. Protoparce barnesi sp. nov. Female.
Figure 4. Calasymbolus myops occidentalis subsp. nov. Female.
INDEX
In references to subspecies the name of the species is omitted. New scientific names
are in heavy-faced type.
Aauata gyroloides, 73, 75. peruviana, 73, 75.
Allen, G. M., a third species of Chilonycteris from Cuba, 1; an extinct Cuban Capromys, 53.
Amplypterus brasiliensis, 44, 50,
100; pl. IV, fig. 3. dentoni, 44, 50, 57; pl. V, fig. 1. gannascus, 57.
Anthus phillipsi, 26.
Arctonotus vega, 68.
Argentina, Buenos Ayres, 89.
La Rioja, 101. Mar del Plata, 89. Santiago del Estero, 43.