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THE
-OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI
PART XII
GRENFELL AND HUNT Ἢ ΝΕ | :
331s “Ὁ ὃ ah
EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND GRAECO-ROMAN BRANCH
THE
OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI
PART XII
EDITED WITH TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES
BY
BERNARD P. GRENFELL, D.Lrt.
HONORARY PROFESSOR OF PAPYROLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, AND FELLOW OF QUEEN’S COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
AND
ARTHUR 5. HUNT, D.Litt.
PROFESSOR OF PAPYROLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, AND FELLOW OF QUEEN’S COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
WITH TWO PLATES
LONDON
SOLD AT
THE OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND, 37 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, W.C. AND 527 TREMONT TEMPLE, BosToN, Mass., U.S.A.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEw Bonp STREET, W. ASHER & CO., 14 BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. HUMPHREY MILFORD, AMEN CorNER, E.C., AND 29-35 WEST 32ND STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A. C. F. CLAY, FETTER LANE, E.C., AND 100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH; AND KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C.
1916
All rights reserved
ΠΝ -pRicHaM reas Gee in TEL ney :
PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PREPAC EH
As we announced in the preface of Part XI, which consisted of literary papyri, the present volume contains official and private docu- ments. Most of these, including all those in the two most important sections(i Zdicts and Circular Letters,and ii The Senate of Oxyrhynchus), illustrate the period from Septimius Severus to Constantine ; the others belong to the earlier period of Roman domination in Egypt. With a few exceptions, the 189 texts were discovered in 1904-6. The decipherment and translation of them had in the main been effected by June, 1915: since then Prof. Hunt’s military duties have generally kept him away from Oxford, and the commentary unfortunately lacks his accustomed share in its composition; but he has made many suggestions upon the proofs. These have also been read by Mr. J. G. Milne, to whom we are indebted for some valuable criticisms on points of numis- matics. Dr. J. K. Fotheringham kindly undertook on our behalf some interesting astronomical calculations in connexion with the chronology of the Emperors from Decius to Diocletian, upon which obscure subject the new horoscopes throw considerable light ; cf. pp. 229 sqq.
Part XIII, which is in preparation, will contain two sections (Contracts and Private Accounts) for which there was not space in this volume, but will consist largely of literary pieces, both theological and classical. Among these are parts of two lost dithyrambs of Pindar, and of two new speeches by Lysias and one by Lycurgus, besides considerable fragments of Pindar’s Olympian Odes and Herodotus, Book ITI.
BERNARD P. GRENFELL.
Quegn’s CoLiEeGE, Oxrorn, AuGusT, 1916.
oo
COm bE N T'S
PAGE PREFACE : 3 Ξ : : P : : : : : : ° - ν List or PLATES . : ; P 4 : ; : : : ; Α . στ TaBLE OF PapyRi : : : : : : 3 i Note on THE METHOD OF Baaticanion AND ies OF eee ee Ξ : ον
TEXTS I. Eprcts anp Circutar Letters (1405-1411) . : : : : : I Il. Tue Senate or Oxyruyncuus (1412-1419) . : : : : 4 26 Il]. Orriciat Documents (1420-1431) . : : : : ‘ : γα IV. Taxation (1482-1448) . : : : ἶ : : ΘΕ Ge V. DerctaraTions TO OFFICIALS (1449-1464) : - : : ES VI. Petitions (1465-1470) . : Ἵ : ; : .1ΘῚ
VII. ΝΟΤΙΕΙΟΑΤΙΟΝΒ TO ARCHIDICASTAE (1471-1475) Σ : : : . 206 VIII. Horoscopes anp Cuarms (1476-1478) . ; : : : : sees
IX. Private CorrESPONDENCE (1479-1495) . : ; : : : . 237
X. Minor Documents: (1) The Senate of Oxyrhynchus (1496-1501) : : ; . 253 (2) Official Documents (1502-1514) . : ς : : GS (3) Taxation (1515-1546). : ; : : : . 259 (4) Declarations to Officials (1547-1555) : : Στ: 270 (5) Petitions (1556-1559) . Ξ ς : : 3 : - 274 (6) Registration of Contracts (1560-1562) . , : - - 295 (7) Horoscopes and Charms (1568-1666) . : : : : 277 (8) Orders and Demands for Payment (1567-1578) P ’ . 278 (9) Private Correspondence (1579-1593) d : : : : 282 INDICES I. Kines anp Emperors. : ‘ : A 4 ὶ : ΜΓ ΗΝ, II. Consuts anp Eras. : 3 ; : : : : : : . 201 11. ΜΟΝΤΗΒ anp Days . : ’ : : Ἶ : ὃ : ; 208
IV. Persona Names. 3 : : : : : ὃ : ; . 292
CONTENTS GEOGRAPHICAL . τ 4 ; E : 5 RELIGION « ASTROLOGY
OrriciaL TITLES
Mirirary TERMS
TRADES . : :
Weicuts, Measures, Coins
Taxes ‘ : ; : 3 : GENERAL INDEX OF GREEK AND Latin Worps. Supyects DiscussED IN THE INTRODUCTIONS AND ΝΌΤΕΒ PassacEs DiscussEp
LIST - OF PLATES
1406, 1466, 1487 . . : 1455. - - - - . . Β
Ν } at the end.
1405. 1406. 1407.
1408.
1409. 1410. 1411. 1412. 1418. 4. 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420. 1421. 1422. 1428. 1424. 1425. 1426. 1427. 1428. 1429. 1480. 1431. 1482. 1433. 1434.
1435.
TABLE OF PAPYRI
(Ax asterisk denotes texts not printed in full)
Rescript of Severus: Application to a Strategus .
Edict of Caracalla concerning Senators (Plate i) .
Imperial Rescripts
Report of a Trial :
Circulars of a Strategus and Dioecetes
Edict of a Catholicus .
Proclamation of a Strategus
Notice of a Special Meeting of the Senate Reports of Proceedings of the Senate
Report of Proceedings of the Senate
Memoranda of Proceedings of the Senate
Report of a Trial concerning the Senate
Application to the Senate
Order from a Prytanis to a Tax- alledior
Report ofa Trial. : -
Order from a Strategus to Comarchs
Letter of a Strategus .
Authorization for the Arrest of a ΤΣ
Letter of ἃ Centurio Princeps
Appointment of a Workman at Pelusium
Appointment of a Workman on Trajan’s River
Order to Workmen on Delta Embankments
Letter of a Praeses (?) to an Exactor
Letter of a Lessee of the Alum-monopoly
Payment for Maintenance of a Public Bath .
Preparations for an Official Visit . : : ᾿
Report of a Tax-farmer to a Strategus
Two Reports of Tax-collectors to a Strategus
Report of a Comogrammateus concerning Re- missions . : : - ;
Taxation-return concerning Pastophori
Circular and Edict of a pee
DATE
3rd cent. 213-17
Late 3rd cent. About 210-14 248
260
About 284 270-5
Late 3rd cent. About 299
Early 4th cent.
247
265
About 129 3rd cent. About 128 4th cent. About 318 318
332
3rd cent. 4th cent. 300
324
352
214
238
107-8 . 147
Early 4th cent.
TABLE OF (PAPYRE
Account of Village-taxes Account of Hieratic Taxes .
List of Arrears of Taxation Customs-receipt
Customs-receipt ; : : Receipt for Crown-tax
Receipt for Taxes of One Prachi and Two
Drachmae : Report of Sitologi to ἃ Ὁ κι; Report of a Decemprimus to a Strategus Report on Unproductive Land
. List of Cultivators of State Lands
Receipt for Corn-dues
List of Arrears of Clothing .
Return of Temple Property
Estimate of Repairing a Public Pusidiae Epicrisis of Roman Citizens and Slaves Two Epicrisis-returns
Declaration of Temple Τὰν ἐπε οι (Plate ἢ Declaration of Municipal Bakers : Declaration of an Oil-seller . Ξ : Declaration concerning ee in Court Registration of Asses .
Registration of Sheep and Goats:
Return of Unwatered Land
Revision of Lists of Land-owners Registration of a Shop
Two Notifications of Cessions
Application for Examination of a Slave Declaration of Pagan Sacrifice
Petition concerning Theft . : Bilingual Request for a Guardian (Plate i) Petition for zus ¢rium liberorum
Petition concerning Ownership of Slaves Petition of Village-representatives
Petition concerning Ownership of Land Contract of Loan (συγχώρησις)
Application concerning Deposits . Application concerning a Remarriage . Application concerning a Loan
DATE 153-6
About 208 . Late 2nd cent.
75
120 197-200
252
227 (?) 248-9 . 2nd cent. 161-210 ὌΠ Fe About 318 213-17 249-50 175 127-8 . 30-29 B.C. 116
275 284-6. 4-3 B.C. 216-17 226 219-20 222 83-4 215
250
245
263
About 258 298
336
8I
136
201
216
Ist cent. B.C.
PAGE
IOI 107 109 112 113 114
15 117 119 122 124 130 132 134 145 148 160 166 170 172 174 176 177 179 181 183 185 187 190 ΙΟῚ 193 195 197 200 203 206 209 212 220
1475. 1476. 1477.
1478. 1479. 1480.
1481.
1482. 1483. 1484-7. 1488. 1489. 1490.
1491.
TABLE OF PAPYRI
Application concerning a Sale of Land Horoscope of Sarapammon
Questions to an Oracle
Gnostic Charm for Victory .
Letter to Thracidas from Alexandria . Letter of Hermogenes to a Prophet Letter of a Soldier to his Mother Letter of Morus to a Friend : Letter of Reprimand to a Subordinate . Invitations to Feasts (1487 Plate i) Letter of Sarapammon to his Sister Letter of Sattos to his Sister
Letter of Heraclides to an Official Letter of Alypius to his Brother .
1492-3. Christian Letters
1494. 1495. 1496. 1497. 1498. 1499. 1500.
1501.
1502. 1508. 1504. 1505. 1506. 1507. 1508. 1509. 1510.
1511. 1512. 1513. 1514. 1515. 1516. 1517. 1518.
Christian Letter .
Christian Letter .
List of Payments by Officials Account against an Ex-gymnasiarch List of Officials .
Order from a Prytanis to a Banker
Order to a Banker Return of a Loan from the an
Report of a Trial: Extract from a Lease of Lad
Report of a Trial before a Praefect Report of a Trial before a Praefect Order to an Irenarch .
Order from a Praepositus to an Irenarch
Order from Irenarchs to Village-officials Report concerning a Veteran Appointment of a ὑπηρέτης.
Receipt of Salary of a Scribe
List of Officers (Latin)
List of δεκανίαι
Account of Military ΠΒΕΝΤΕ ‘ Official Order for Payment p : Account of Taxation
Account of Poll-tax and Plistix Account of Taxation .
Account of Trade-tax and Pip-tax
DATE
267
260
Late 3rd or 4th cent. Late 3rd or 4th cent. Late 1st cent. B.C. 32 :
Early 2nd cent.
2nd cent.
Late 2nd or 3rd cent. 2nd—4th cent.
2nd cent.
Late 3rd cent. . Late 3rd cent.
Early 4th cent.
Late 3rd or 4th cent. Early 4th cent.
4th cent.
274 or 280 .
About 279
Late 3rd cent.
399
229
Late 3rd cent. About 260-1
288-9
Late 3rd cent.
4th cent.
Early 4th cent.
3rd cent.
2nd cent.
Early 4th cent.
2nd or early 3rd cent. .
Before 247 . 4th cent.
4th cent.
274 or 280 . Late 3rd cent.
Late 2nd or 3rd cent.
272 or 278 . 2nd cent.
ΧΙ
PAGE 223 229 235 236 237 238 239 240 242 243 245 246 247 248 249 251 252 253 253 254 254 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 257 257 258 258 258 258 259 259 259 260 260
ΧΙΙ
1519.
1520.
1521. *1522.
1523. 1524.
1525.
1526. 1527. 1528.
1529.
1530.
*1531. *1532. *1533.
1534. 1535. 1536.
1537.
1538. 1539. 1540.
1541.
1542. 1543. 1544. 1545. 1546. 1547. 1548. 1549. 1550.
1551.
1552. 1553. 1554. 1555. 1556. 1557. 1558.
TABLE OF \PAPVRI
Account of Arrears of Taxation
Receipt for Poll-tax and Pig-tax
Receipt for Poll-tax . ; - : Receipt for Crown-tax : Acca of Corn . Receipt for Tax on Purchase of Slaves Tax-receipt
Report of Sitdlog to toa eee
Report of Sitologi to a Strategus
Account of Produce in Arrear .
List of Payments of Corn by Villages
List of Payments of Corn by Villages
List of Payments of Corn
List of Payments of Corn
List of Payments of Corn
List of Land-holders
List of Land-holders
List of Land-holders : Receipt for ἜΗΝ -expenses List of Land-holders
List of Land-holders
List of House-owners
Two Certificates of Payments of Cars Two Certificates of Payments of Corn Receipt for Corn-dues Counter-receipt for Corn-dues . Receipt for Military Supplies
Receipt for Corn
List of Villages supplying Meat Account of Work on Embankments . Census-return .
Census-return .
Two Returns of ἜΝΙ Tadad Notice of Death
Notice of Death
᾿ Registration of Birth
Declaration of a Ship-owner (?) Declaration of Surety for a Ship-owner Two Declarations of Surety
Petition concerning Assault .
Petition concerning Robbery
Petition to a Praefect
DATE 247-8 or 257-8 102 113 220--2 3rd cent. Early 4th cent. 216 - 222—3 . 261-2.
266-7 .
3rd cent. 295-16 Before 258 Late 3rd cent.
Late and or 3rd cent.
Early 3rd cent. 3rd cent. 2nd cent.
Late 2nd or 3rd cent.
Early 3rd cent. 179-80
187-8
192
307
About 299 284-304
4th cent.
. -Late 3rd cent.
11 sess 202-3 240 156 80 1. 214-15 214 251 260-1. 247 255 267
1559.
1560. 1561. 1562. 1563. 1564, 1565. 1566. 1567.
1568. 1569. 1570.
1571.
1572.
1573 1574. 1575
1576. 1577.
*1578.
1581. 1582. 1583.
1584. 1585.
1586.
1587. 1588. 1589. 1590.
1591.
1592.
1593.
TABLE OF PAPYRI
Petition to a Chief of Police Application to an Archidicastes Application to an Archidicastes ᾿Εκμαρτύρησις of a Contract of Settlement
Horoscope : Horoscope of Pichime Horoscope ὃ Gnostic Invocation .
Order concerning the Finding of an Animal
Order to a Poultry-dealer .
Order for Payment to a Builder Order for Payment to Tax-collectors. Order for Payment to a Decemprimus Order for Payment to a Baker .
Three Orders for Payment
Order for Payment of Wine Order for Payment of Barley
Order for Tasting Wine .
Demand of a Steward for Payment Three Demands of a Steward for Payment 1579-80. Invitations to Marriage-feasts
Letter of Apia
Letter of Abascantus Letter of Diogenes . Letter of Theon Letter of Severus Letter of Harpocration Letter of Ammonius Letter of Dorotheus Letter from Alexandria (?) Letter of Demetrianus Letter of Demetrius Christian Letter Letter to Ischyrion .
DATE 341 209 269 276-82 258 283 293 4th cent. 4th cent. 265 3rd cent. 250-280 297 299 ; Late 3rd cent. 324 339? 3rd cent. 3rd cent. 3rd cent. 3rd cent. 2nd cent. 2nd cent. 2nd cent. 2nd cent. : Late 2nd or 3rd cent. Early 3rd cent. Late 3rd_cent. Early 4th cent. Early 4th cent. 4th cent. 4th cent. ; Late 3rd or .4th cent. 4th cent.
NOTE ON THE METHOD OF PUBLICATION AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
THE general method followed in this volume is the same as that in Parts I-XI, except that the minor documents are now in nearly all cases given in full. The texts, being non-literary, are all given in modern form with accentuation and punctuation. Abbreviations and symbols are resolved; additions and corrections are usually incorporated in the text, their occurrence being recorded in the critical apparatus, where also faults of orthography, &c., are corrected if they seemed likely to give rise to any difficulty. Where additions or corrections are distinguished, those by the same hand as the body of the text are in small thin type;tthose by a different hand in thick type. Iota adscript has been printed when so written ; otherwise iota subscript is employed. Square brackets [ ] indi- cate a lacuna, round brackets ( ) the resolution of a symbol or abbreviation, angular brackets { ) a mistaken omission in the original, braces { } a superfluous letter or letters, double square brackets [[ ]] a deletion in the original. Dots placed within brackets represent the approximate number of letters lost or deleted ; dots outside brackets indicate mutilated or otherwise illegible letters. Letters with dots underneath them are to be considered doubtful. Heavy Arabic numerals refer to the texts of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri in this volume and Parts I-XI, or in the case of Nos. 1626-1655 to the forthcoming Part XIII; ordinary numerals refer to lines, small Roman numerals to columns. In the critical apparatus IT indicates the papyrus in question.
The abbreviations used in referring to papyrological publications are practically those adopted in the Archiv fiir Papyrusforschung, viz. :—
Archiv = Archiv fiir Papyrusforschung. B. G. U. = Aeg. Urkunden aus den K. Museen zu Berlin, Griechische Urkunden. C. P. Herm. = Corpus Papyrorum Hermopolitanorum, Vol. I, by C. Wessely. C. P. R. = Corpus Papyrorum Raineri, Vol. I, by C. Wessely. Griech. Texte = Griechische Texte aus Aegypten, by P. M. Meyer. M. Chrest. = L. Mitteis, Chrestomathie. P. Amh. = The Amherst Papyri, Vols. I-II, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. P. Brit. Mus. = ‘Greek Papyri in the British Museum, Vols. I-II, by F. G. Kenyon; Vol. III, by F. G. Kenyon and H. I. Bell; Vol. IV, by H. I. Bell. P. Cairo = Catalogue des Antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, Greek Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.
P. Cairo Maspero = Catalogue des Antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, Papyrus grecs d’époque byzantine, by J. Maspero.
P. Cairo Preisigke = Griechische Urkunden des Aeg. Museums zu Cairo, by F. Preisigke.
P. Fay. = Fayiim Towns and their Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell, A. 5. Hunt, and D. G. Hogarth.
xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
r Ὁ Ρ Ρ P P Ε P. P P E P rE: P P Ρ Ρ Ρ Ρ Ρ P ἐξ P af
. Flor. = Papiri Fiorentini, Vols. I and III, by G. Vitelli; Vol. II, by
D. Comparetti.
. Gen. = Les Papyrus de Geneve, Vol. I, by J. Nicole. . Giessen = Griechische Papyri zu Giessen, Vol. I, by E. Kornemann, O. Eger,
and P. M. Meyer.
. Goodsp. = Greek Papyri from the Cairo Museum, &c., by E. J. Goodspeed. . Grenf. = Greek Papyri, Series I, by B. P. Grenfell; Series II, by B. P.
Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.
. Halle = Dikaiomata, &c., by the Graeca Halensis. . Hamburg = Griech. Papyrusurkunden der Hamburgischen Stadtbibliothek,
by P. M. Meyer.
. Hibeh = The Hibeh Papyri, Part I, by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt. . land. = Papyri Iandanae, by E. Schaefer and others. . Klein. Form. = Griech. Papyrusurkunden kleineren Formats, Studien z.
Palaeogr. und Papyruskunde iii, viii, by C. Wessely.
. Leipzig = Griechische Urkunden der Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig, Vol. I,
by L. Mitteis.
. Leyden = Papyri Graeci Musei Antiquarii Publici Lugduni-Batavi, by
C. Leemanns. Lille = Papyrus grecs de Lille, by P. Jouguet, J. Lesquier, and others.
. Munich = Ver6ffentlichungen aus der Papyrussammlung zu Miinchen, Part I,
by A. Heisenberg and L. Wenger.
. Oxy. = The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Parts I-VI and X—XI, by B. P. Grenfell and
A. 5. Hunt; Parts VII-IX, by A. 5. Hunt.
. Par. = Les Papyrus grecs du Musée du Louvre, Wotices et Extraits, t. xviii. 2,
by W. Brunet de Presle and E. Egger.
. Petrie = The Flinders Petrie Papyri, Parts I-II, by J. P. Mahaffy ; Part III, by
J. P. Mahaffy and J. G. Smyly.
. Reinach = Papyrus grecs et démotiques, by T. Reinach. - Rev. Laws = The Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by B. P. Grenfell,
with an introduction by J. P. Mahaffy.
. Ryl. = Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the Rylands Library, Vol. I, by
A. 5. Hunt; Vol. II, by J. de M. Johnson, V. Martin, and A. 5. Hunt.
. 5. I. = Papiri della Societa Italiana, Vols. I-III, by G. Vitelli and others. . Strassb. = Griech. Papyrus der K. Universitatsbibliothek zu Strassburg, Vol. I,
by F. Preisigke.
. Stud. Pal. = Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde, by C. Wessely. . Tebt. = The Tebtunis Papyri, Part I, by B. P. Grenfell, A. S. Hunt, and
J.G. Smyly ; Part II, by B. P. Grenfell, A. 5. Hunt, and E. J. Goodspeed ; Part III, in preparation.
P. Thead.= Papyrus de Théadelphie, by P. Jouguet. Preisigke, S. &. = Sammelbuch Griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten, Vol. I, by
F, Preisigke.
W. Chrest. = U. Wilcken, Chrestomathie. Wilcken, Ost. = Griechische Ostraka, by U. Wilcken.
ΓΤ AND CIRCULAR LETTERS
1405. RESCRIPT OF SEVERUS: APPLICATION TO A STRATEGUS.
13°7X 7-5 cm. Third century.
This papyrus, written in a small cursive hand, is an application to a strategus by a man who had been appointed to the office of collector of money-taxes in a village of the Oxyrhynchite nome, and proposed to evade the duty by giving up his property in accordance with an Imperial rescript, of which a copy is prefixed, It is closely parallel to B.G.U. 473 (M. Chrest. 375), which con- tains part of the beginning of what was no-doubt a similar application to a third-century strategus, preceded by a rescript of Septimius Severus and Caracalla concerning the cessio bonorum. In B. G. U. 473 the right-hand half of the lines is missing, and 1405 also is incomplete, having lost the earlier part of the rescript and the end of the application. The strategus, Aurelius Leonides, who is mentioned in 890. 5, a third-century letter without a date, held office in the third year of an unnamed emperor, who on palaeographical grounds probably belonged to the period from Elagabalus to Valerian, so that the rescript, which is dated in Pharmouthi of the 8th year of, probably, a joint reign (cf. 1. 8 ταμεῖον ἡμῶν), would in any case appear to have been issued by Severus and Caracalla; the fact that its date coincides in respect of the month and number of the regnal year with the date of the parallel rescript in B. G. U. 473 leaves little room for doubt as to the reign. 1405 in any case pro- vides another specimen of the θεῖαι διατάξεις referred to in Ὁ. P.R. 20 (W. Chrest. 402), which supplies the chief evidence concerning the cessio bonorum as a means of evading liturgies; cf. Mitteis’s commentary, Jouguet, Vze municipale, 412-15, and 1416. 6 and 1642, which also bear on this subject.
᾿ς While the rescript in B. G. U. 473 appears, so far as it can be reconstructed, to be mainly a guarantee in general terms to some individual that the renuncia- tion of his property would exempt him from further claims (cf. Mitteis, Hermes,
; B
2 THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI
Xxxii. 651), the rescript in 1405 evidently provided some more interesting details, but is too incomplete to be at all clear. The recipient had been appointed to a liturgy, the nature of which depends on the restoration of the critical 1. 6: perhaps it was a municipal office of some kind, as in C. P.R. 20 and 1642; but the date of the rescript (A. D. 200) is apparently a year or two earlier than the establishment of senates in Egypt (cf. 1406. int.). He seems to have proposed to cede his property to the Imperial fiscus instead of performing the duty; but his proposition was declined by the Emperors, who awarded the property to his nominator and made this person responsible for the liturgy, at the same time guaranteeing the recipient of the rescript against loss of status and corporal punishment.
The application to the strategus which follows throws some new light on the methods of appointing collectors of money-taxes in villages. In the second century they were usually chosen by lot by the epistrategus from lists supplied to the strategus by the comarchs or other village officials nominating two persons for each vacancy; cf. Martin, Epistratéges, I11 sqq., Wilcken, Grundz. 347-8. Here, however, the use of the term ἀντωνομάσθαι (l. 17) and the absence of a title after the name of the nominator indicate that he was himself a πράκτωρ, so that the procedure was somewhat similar to that exemplified in 1642 (A.D. 289), where an agoranomus by the command of the praefect nomi- nates his successor, and P. Flor. 2. vii (W. Chrest. 401; A.D. 265), where comarchs nominate their successors and the strategus appoints. The writer denied the justice of the selection, and was prepared to abandon his property to hisnominator. The papyrus breaks off at the point where he was proceeding to make a declaration about his πόρος (1. 26, note), probably in order to show that it was below the required amount. So far as can be judged, both the renunciation mentioned in the rescript and that referred to in the application con- cerned the whole property, not merely two-thirds, as supposed by Mitteis. It is noteworthy that in P. Ryl. 75, which is also concerned with ἐκστάσεις of property, though not for the purpose of avoiding public burdens, the whole πόρος seems to have been ceded, and we are less confident than Wilcken or Jouguet that Mitteis’s explanation of the phrase ἀντὶ rod νενομισμένου τρίτου in C. P. R. 20. i. 18 is correct; but owing to the incompleteness of 1405 it seems impossible to extract from it a definite solution of the problem ; cf. Il. 6-7, n.
Εν: Ἰρί- - - -| παρεχώρ[η- [σῶον ΠΣ τὴς 1 εὔδηλόν ἐστιν μὴ τῶ
μῶν τὴν παραχώρησιν
3.
[ταμείῳ
1405. RESCRIPT ΟΕ ΞΒΕΥΕΚΟΣΞ 3
[γενέσ]θαι ἀλλὰ τῷ εἰς τὴν λειτουργίαν 5 .[- - Ἱμένῳ, ὃς ἀναλαβὼν σοῦ τὰ ὑπάρχοντ]α τὸ λοιϊπὸν τοῦ. .Ἰποῖ. . .]ι- ~ 7 Ν Ν 7 ᾽ τικο[Ὁ] παρέξει καὶ τὴν λειτουργίαν ἀπο- πληρώσει: τὸ γὰρ ταμεῖον ἡμῶν τῶν τοιούτων παραχωρήσεων > 2 ‘4 « Ἂν > ’ 2 το οὐκ ἐφείεται. ἡ δὲ ἐπιτειμία σου ἐ- κ τούτου οὐδὲν βλαβήσεται, οὐδὲ εἰς τὸ A 3 σῶμα ὑβρεισθήσει. προετέθη ἐν Ade€ar- ΄, Ν = δρείᾳ ἡ (ἔτους) Φαρμοῦθι.
Αὐρηλίῳ Λεωνίδῃ στρα(τηγῷ) ᾽Ο ξυρυγχίίτου) 15 παρὰ Αἰμιλίου Στεφάνου Ἁτρῆτος μη- τρὸς Τασορ[ά]πι[ο»] ἀπὸ κώμης Σιγκέφα. τῇ ἐνεστώσῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἔμαθον ἀντωνο- μάσθαι με ὑπὸ Αὐρηλίου ‘Apéitos Πατᾶτος μητρὸς Δημητροῦτος ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς κἰ[ώ- 20 μης εἰς πρακτορείαν ἀργυρικῶν κωμ[η- τικῶν λημμάτων τῆς αὐτῆς Σιγκέφα τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος y (ἔτους) ὡς εὔπορον καὶ ἐπιτή- δειον. οὐκ ἀνὰ λόγων οὖν οὐδὲ πρὸς [τὸ ὃ μέρος τῆς λειτουργίας, ἀλλ᾽ ἐξιστανόμενοϊς 25 αὐτῷ κα(τὰ) τὴν προκειμένην θείαν [διάταξιν] δη[λ]ῶ ἔχειν με πόρου ἐπὶ δι[-
12. er Of mpoereOn Corr. 23. 1. λόγον.
‘,.. you ceded (your property) ..., itis clear that the cession was made not to our Treasury but to the person who nominated you to the office, who having taken possession of your property will provide the rest of the ... and fulfil the duties of the office; for our Treasury does not desire such cessions. Your citizenship, however, will in no way be injured thereby, nor will you be subjected to corporal punishment. Published at Alexandria in the 8th year, Pharmouthi.
To Aurelius Leonides, strategus of the Oxyrhynchite nome, from Aemilius Stephanus son of Hatres and Tasorapis, from the village of Sinkepha. To-day I learnt that I had been nominated as his successor by Aurelius Amois son of Patas and Demetrous, of the said village, for the office of collector of the village money-dues of the said Sinkepha for the present 3rd year, as being a person of means and suitable. This is unreasonable and
B 2
4 THE OXYRHY NCHUS PART
contrary to the just apportionment of the liturgy, so that I resign my property to him in accordance with the Imperial decree cited above, and declare that 1... .
I. παρεχώρίησας : cf. παραχώρησις in ll. 3and 9. Elsewhere the usual verb is ἐξίστασθαι, e.g. 1. 24 and 1417. 6. The preceding words may have been τὰ ὑπά]ρ[χοντα ; cf. 1], 5-6.
2. ἐξ ὧν would hardly fill the lacuna before εὔδηλον, and παρεχώρίησας may be in a dependent clause governed by e. g. ἐπεί,
3. [ταμείῳ ἡμῶν: cf. 1. 8 and int.
. .[. . ἡμένῳ : προβαλομένῳ, the word expected here (cf. C. P. R. 20. i. 6), is too long. δεδο]μένῳ would not give the right sense, and the vestige of the first letter does not suit 6.
6-7. τὸ λοιπὸν Tod. .|rol. . .|t|reKo[d] παρέξει : the reading is very uncertain ; but, though τό is preferable to τά, τὸ τρίτον referring to the νενομισμένον τρίτον in C. P. R. 20, which Mitteis supposes to have been given back to the owner (cf. int.), is inadmissible. τὸ πρ[οσῆκον is possible, or τὰ προσήκοντα with -τικά in 1. 7, but then map does not fill up the space before εξει, and no other compound of ἔξει suits the vestiges. πο, if correct, suggests either an adjective beginning with ὑἾπο- or else πο[λε]ιτικοῦ, but τὸ πολιτικόν does not seem to occur in papyri, and ἐκ τοῦ] πο[λε]ιτικοῦ, with a supposed reference to τὸ ἐπιβάλλον τῇ πόλει τρίτον μέρος (C. P. Herm. 92. 12, 93. 10), which has been sometimes connected with the νενομισμένον τρίτον in C.P. R. 20 (cf. Jouguet, ὦ c.), does not yield a satisfactory sense ; for, if the πόλις paid 4 of the expenses of liturgies, a regulation would not be expected allowing a person who, in return for his nominee’s property, himself undertook a liturgy to obtain ‘from the city’s account’ the balance of expenses incurred. The supplement [Ac] is moreover rather short for the lacuna before « (which is more probable than p), and as the sense expected is that the nominator would, on receipt of his nominee’s property, have to provide the rest of the expenses himself, probably the word refers to the nature of the liturgy in question. y might be read for τ in τικοίυ], for which ἢ xa[é] is a possible, though less suitable, substitute. | would then be the termination of another verb in the future.
tr. Cf. C.P.R. 20. i. 15-16 ὑπάρχει ἐκ τῶν νόμων καὶ τῶν θείων διατάξεων [.....]7- [. . - βο]ήθεια τὸ μηδεμίαν βίαν πάσχειν.
τό. Σιγκέφα: a village in the ἄνω τοπαρχία: cf. 1285. 65.
20. κωμ[η τικῶν : there is an implied contrast with μητροπολιτικῶν ; οἵ. 1283. 4 πρακτόρων dpy. μητροπολ(ιτικῶν) μέσης τοπ(αρχίας) Πεενὼ τόπων, and 1444. int.
26. For [διάταξιν] οἴ, 1. 11, n. πυροῦ ἐπὶ διαφόρῳ (‘at interest’) might equally well be read ; but πόρου is expected at this point, though what the next words are is obscure. The amount of the property-qualification in extant papyri concerning πράκτορες ἀργυρικῶν in villages ranges from 700 drachmae to 3 talents 3,200 dr.; cf. P. Giessen 58. int.
1406. EpicT OF CARACALLA CONCERNING SENATORS. 10-2 X 9-4 cm. A.D. 213-17. Plate 1.
This short edict of Caracalla has lost the ends of lines, but the sense is clear. Senators who assault or use unseemly language towards the president or other members of their body are to be deprived of their rank. Senates were first instituted in the nome-capitals by Septimius Severus about A.D. 202, as at Alexandria (cf. Wilcken, Grundz. 41), and their meetings, for reports of which see 1413-15, are likely to have been rather turbulent, at any rate in the early days.
1406. EDICT OF CARACALLA CONCERNING SENATORS 5
The date of the edict, which was published at some other town than Alexandria, perhaps Babylon (cf. 1. το, n.), is defined, not, as usual, by the consuls or regnal year, but by reference to a local official, who was apparently described as évapyos ἄρχων and was an inhabitant of Heliopolis; cf. ll. 11-12, ἢ. The occurrence of Germanicus Maximus among the Emperor’s titles indicates that the edict -was not issued earlier than the autumn of A.D. 213. This copy may perhaps be a few years later, but was probably written before the end of the reign. Three other edicts of Caracalla on papyrus are extant in P. Giessen 40, and a rescript by him in P. Flor. 382. i. 5-9. 1406 is perhaps incomplete at the top, and another edict may have preceded.
«Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Μ]άρκος Αὐρήλιος Σεουῆρος ‘Avrwvivols Παρθικὸς Μέγιστος Βρεταν(νλικὸϊς Μέγιστος Teppavixis Μέγιστος Εἰ σ]εβ[ὴς Σεβαστὸς Ξ λέγει: ἐὰν βουλευτὴς τὸν [πρύτανιν ἢ βουλευ- τὴν τύψῃ ἢ μέμψϊ[ητα]ι [. . « ««..«ὐον } ὁ μὲν βουλ[ε]υτὴς τῆς βουλείας ἀϊπαλλά- geTat καὶ εἰς ἄτιμον χώραν [καταστή- ? IO σεται. προετέθη ἐν Β[αβυλῶνι ? ὑπὸ στίο]α δημοσίᾳ ἐνάρχου ἄρ- χοντος AvpnX(iov) ᾿Αλεξάνδρου... .. ἀπὸ ᾿Ηλίου [π͵]όλεως.
6. β of βουλευτης corr. II. ὕπο ΤΙ, the v corr. 13. This line was an afterthought, as is shown by the deletion of a paragraphus below 1. 12.
‘Proclamation of the Emperor Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Parthicus Maximus Britannicus Maximus Germanicus Maximus Pius Augustus.
If a senator strike or censure [in an unseemly manner] the [prytanis] or another senator, he shall be deprived of his rank and set in a position of dishonour. Published at B[abylon?]in the public colonnade, the magistrate in office being Aurelius Alexander son of ..., of Heliopolis.’
1-4. For the restoration of Caracalla’s titles cf. P. Flor. 2. c. (Jan. 216), and e. g. 1278. 31-3 (Dec. 6, 214).
7. An adverb, 6. δ. αἰσχρολόγως, probably followed péuy[nral..
9-1ο. [καταστή]σεται : cf. 1469. 5 ἀναπόστατοι καταστησ]όμεθα. [κατασταθή]τεται is rather long, and the verb in Il. 8—g is middle.
10. ἐν Β[αβυλῶνι : the supposed β is very doubtful, for the traces suit « better; ε is the only other letter possible. Imperial edicts in papyri usually give the date of publication
6 THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI
at Alexandria, but P. Giessen 40. ii. 12-13 states the dates of promulgation first at Rome and then at Alexandria, and two of the rescripts in 1407 are dated respectively from Ne Japolis (l. 8) and Rome (1. 16). The mention of Heliopolis in 1. 13 as the place of origin of the magistrate indicates an Egyptian place-name here, and supports Β[αβυλῶνι, which was in the Heliopolite nome according to Ptolemy. Of towns beginning with K Κάνωπος was the most important, but was far from Heliopolis; Kepxécovpa (Strabo, p. 806) or Κερκάσωρος (Hdt. ii. 15) was in the Letopolite nome opposite Heliopolis, but does not seem a likely place for the publication of the edict, which may have been issued during Caracalla’s visit to Egypt in 215, like P. Giessen 40. ii. 16-29. :
II-12. ὑπὸ στοᾷ δημοσίᾳ: for the precise definition of the place of publication cf. B.G.U. 140. 5-6 ἐν... .. ἐν τῇ] π[α]ρεμβολ(ῇ) ri[s] χειμασίαϊς λεγιῶνο(ς) τρίτης] Ku|p|yvackis krh., 85 recto. 9-13 (cf. Wilcken, Archiv, i. 130) προετέθη ἐν ᾿Αλεξ]ανδρείᾳ ... ἐκ συνκολλησίϊμων βιβλιδίων] Αἰδεινίου Ἰουλιανοῦ ἐπάρχου Αἰγύπτου... προτεθέντων τῇ ἐνεστώσῃ ἡμέρᾳ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀφφι]- κιαλίων αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ μεγάλῳ ᾿Ισίῳ. For a στοά at Hermopolis cf. C. P. Herm. 119 recto. iii. 16 πρὸς τῇ καμάρᾳ ὑπὸ στοὰν ᾿Αντινοιτικῆς mAarias. In P. Giessen 40. ii. 13 and probably in 35. 13 ὑπό after προετέθη means ‘by’, referring to the official making the publication; but though δημοσί[ο]υ might perhaps be read, we are unable to reconcile the preceding word with a proper name. Σοῦλ, a name found in P. Grenf. ii. 76. 13, is unsatisfactory ; more- over δημοσίου is not very likely as a title by itself, i.e. equivalent to ὀφφικιαλίου (cf. 35), and δημοσίου érf...... does not suggest any known title.
ἐνάρχου ἄρ]χοντος : évapxos with titles of officials is very frequent. ἄρχοντες in the plural is common as a general term for municipal magistrates, e.g. gymnasiarchs, cosmetae, or prytaneis, and ἄρξας frequently occurs as a title ‘ex-magistrate’ (cf. Preisigke, S7ad7. Beamienwesen, 8, 14, and Wilcken, Archiv, iv. 119); ἄρχων is found in Egypt in the phrase πρυτανικὸς ἄρχων (592; cf. Wilcken, Grundz. 47; A.D. 122-3), in the acclamations of the δῆμος in honour of a prytanis (41. 12 τὸν ἄρχοντα τῇ πόλι), P. Thead. 32. 13 Αὐρήλιος Φίρμος Gpx(wv) ἀποδέκτης κριθῆς, where it corresponds to βουλ(ευτής) and ἀγορ(ανομήσας) in the titles of the ἐπιμεληταὶ κριθῆς in 1. 1 and means ‘magistrate’, P. Amh. 146. 4 ἠτιάθησαν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἄρχοντος (fifth century), referring to an unspecified magistrate, a third-century ostracon from Oxyrhynchus (Preisigke, S. B. 1951) Φιλήας ἄρχων, and 1526. το Διογένης... ἄρχ(ων), both referring to unspecified magistrates of Oxyrhynchus: it is also applied to the praefect in fourth-century papyri, P. Leipzig 33. ii. τό, 34. 19, 37. 27. In C. 1. G. 4822 (= Ditten- berger, Or. Gr. Inscr. 698 ; early second century) ἄρχων Θηβῶν is interpreted by Dittenberger as ‘equivalent to Θηβάρχης, an official who dates from the Ptolemaic period and seems to have been the military governor of the town of Thebes. On this analogy ἄρ]χοντος might be interpreted as the military governor of the town in question (Babylon?; cf. 1. 10, n.), rather than as equivalent to e.g. πρυτανικὸς ἄρχων or gymnasiarch, especially as a precise official title is expected in this context ; but the evidence of recent papyri considerably diminishes the force of Dittenberger’s distinction between ἄρχων and ἄρχοντες in Egypt.
1407. IMPERIAL RESCRIPTS.
Fr.r 16-1 X 16-3 cm. Late third century.
These two fragments of a series of Imperial rescripts (cf. 1020, P. Flor. 382, Giessen 40) are too small to be intelligible, the lines being of great length. The larger contains the ends of lines of three such rescripts and a few letters from the beginnings of lines of apparently a fourth, but the document begin-
1407. IMPERIAL RESCRIPTS 7
ning at 1. 33 was different, being perhaps a letter of or to the senate of Oxyrhynchus. The margin at the bottom is preserved, but not at the top. On the verso in a different hand of about A.D. 300 are parts of 12 lines of an official letter of some kind with a margin at the top, a circumstance which suggests that the papyrus was cut down before the verso was used. The small fragment (2), from a rescript or edict of Aurelian, has on the verso parts of two lines of the letter, and the margin above the writing there corresponds to that on the verso of Fr.