It

i » f

II * !

f 1

ii i » I

J. *.*•.>.*/,*

VJ^

JL , r I I Hit

V i

S' ;

tH I

i I

••v..>

* * . *

Ot » If , . f * «

: t Y K

fe t fe »

1 » I

I I • I tip. i

« » » » » */• * - .

4 1 . fc »• t k fc_l.>.

« ¥

* .1 ^

t * >

I i

I i

« #■ ii

9-%

» ♦ » V

W . (JSI(>

Oct. /^^r-

BULL E T I ]^

(IF TIIK

BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATUIIAL SCIENCES.

VOLUME T,

From April, 18 73, to March, 187 4.

B U F F A L 0 :

PUBLISHED BY THE S () C I E T Y.

1874.

X6

Press of

WARREN, J O H N S O N & C O.

BUFFALO, N. Y.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION.

GEORGE W. CLINTON, LL. D. GEORGE E. HAYES, D. D. S

DAVID GRAY, LEON F. HARVEY, M.D.

GEORGE P. PUTNAM, WALTER T. WILSON,

AUG. R. GROTE, Chairman.

CONTENTS.

I. Description of New Nortli American Moths. By Aug. R. Grote, 1

II. Catalogue of tlie Spliingidae of North America. By Aug. B.

Grote, 17

III. Catalogue of the Zygaenidae of North America. By Aug. R. Grote, 29

IV. Conclusions drawn from a study of the Genera Hypena and Her-

niinia. By AUG. R. Grote, 37

V. Descriptions of New Species of Fungi. . By Cii.vs. H. Peck, . . 41

VI. Contributions to a Knowledge of North American Moths. By

Aug. R. Grote, 73

4

VII. A Study of North American Noctuidae. By Aug. R. Grote, . . 95

VIII. Descriptions of Noctuidae principally from California. By Aug. R. Grote, 129

IX. On the North American Geometridae in the Collection of the

S^ British Museum. By Aug. R. Grote, loG

•\^ X. Statistics and Distribution of North American Lichens. By

>.^ Henry Willey, 101

(\ XI. Kleiner Beitrag zur Kenntniss einiger Nordamerikanischer Lepi-

^ doptera. Von Aug. R. Grote, 168

^ XII. Description of the genera Argyrophyes and Condylolomia and of

a species of Deuterollyta. By Aug. R. Grote, 175

XIII. Description of a Butterfly new to the Lower Lake Region. By Aug. R. Grote, 17M

XIV. Description of three genera of Noctuidae. By Aug. R. Grote, . 180

*S XV. On Wallengren's " Lepidoptera Scandiuaviuc Ileterocera disposita

H et descripta." By Aug. R. Grote, 18o

_„ XVI. On tlie Butterflies of Anticosti. Bv Aug. R. Grote, . . • . . 185

as

XVII. Notes ou North Americau Lepidoptera. By H. K. MoRRisox, 186

XVIII. On Eight Species of Noctuidae. By Aug. E. Grote, ... 190

XIX. The two Principal Groups of Urbicolae (Hesperidae auct.). By

Samuel H. Scudder, 195

XX. Note on the species of Glaucopsyche from Eastern North

America. By Samuel H. Scudder, 197

XXI. On a New Species of Grammysia from tlie Chemung Group.

By William H. Pitt, 199

XXII. Contributions to the Geology and Physical Geography of the

Lower Amazouas. By Ch. Fred. Hartt, 201

XXIII. On the Devonian Brachiopoda of Erere, Province of Para,

Brazil. By Richard Rathbun, 336

XXIV. New Phalaenoid Moths. By Leon F. Harvey, a. m., m. d. . 263

XXV. Notes on the Species of Pasimachus. By John L. Le Conte,

M. D., 266

XXVI. Description of two new Noctuidae from the Atlantic District.

By H. K. Morrison, 274

XXVII. Rectification of Treitschke's use of Htibner's generic term

" Cymatophora." By Leon F. Harvey, a. m., m. d., . . 276

XXVIII. Determination of Brazilian Sphingidae collected by Mr. Charles

Linden. By Aug. R. Gkote, 279

Errata et addenda, 283

Index to Plates, 283

General Index, 285

B U L L E T I ]Sr

OF THE

BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.

VOLUME I.

I. Description of New North American IVIoths

BY AUG. K. GROTE.

In the present Article I announce the fact that new species of the Lepidopterous Genera Hemaris, Leucania, Phasiane, Tortrix, Cou- chylis, are discovered in our Fauna, and that two new genera, Mel- lilla and Lomanaltes, occur within its limits. It has been objected to such studies as these, that they are of the Closet and not of the Field. Already one has been who made this distinction in his own favor. Still, I think the student at his books and dead specimens is the same whom we meet again, where grasses grow, collecting and observing. So the Field is brought to the House with the Harvest, and can be rightly spoken of from the Closet. It will at least profit others little to be unable properly to tell what one has seen. It is no excuse that we have been out of door when we are called upon to speak. To some the form which the student uses, that he may be well understood, may seem uninteresting, and his statement dry. But from his record is gathered at last a Truth that every one may enjoy. So, often, the seed is dry, but the plant is full of sap. Per- haps it must be dry at first, to be properly green thereafter. This is

BUIi. BUF. 80C. KAT. SCI. (1) APKIL, 1873.

tlie age of objective research, as contrasted with that past in ob- jectless comijlaint. Let us, then, see wliat we can while we live. Let us mellow our lives to our Harvest time, that then, like a perfect fruit, Ave may show in us the soil, the dew, the rain and the sun- beam, and so fall at last good and sweet into the hands of the Husbandman.

Family SPHINGIDAE.

Genus HemariSj Dcdman (1816).

It is Fabricius who, in 1793, arranges under the generic name Sesia, a number of moths which have for a common character the more or less pellucid wings. However, the moths thus early brought together belonged to two distinct structural groups— families in the Latreillean sense. In 1807, Fabricius restricts the term Sesia to members of the family under present consideration — the Sphingidae, and proposes the term Aegeria, for the group afterwards known, it seems to me properly, as Aegeriidae by the English Entomologists. This restriction is overlooked on the continent of Europe, where the term Sesia has been generally, and I must believe incorrectly, used as equivalent to Aegeria, Fair. But under the generic term Sesia, in the Systema Glossatorum (1807), Fabricius arranges a number of species, which are properly the types of distinct genera, according to our present acceptation. Among these species is the European fuciformis, for wdiicli the term Sesia has been retained by English writers, and is used in 1865 by ourselves for congeneric American forms. It is overlooked that Dalman has taken S. fuci- formis as the type of his genus Hemaris, and that this name, having priority over the subsequent restrictions of Fabricius' term, must be retained for this type.

I have elsewhere proposed to restrict Oephonodes, Hubner (1816), to the Asiatic C.hylas; the type, so far as we can judge, of Hiibner's genus ; certainly the first species enumerated in the " Verzeichniss " under the name. Following Latreille's restriction, Ave must regard the European Spliinx Stellatarum L., as the type of Scopoli's genus

Macroglossum. Our nearest known ally to this European genus is, perhaps, Euproserpinus phaeton, Grote and Robinson, from California.

In North America we have a number of pellucid Avingcd Sphing- idae, which, as a group, differ from our present idea of Hemaris, by their flattened form, appressed squamation, and longer Avings. These we have arranged under the genus Ilaemorrhagia, U. & R., of Avhich our common Scsia thysbe, Fah., is the type. Alexander Agassiz, in his recent superb " Ecvision of the Echini," speaks of our present knowledge of genera, as limited to convenient headings for the identification of species. The species for which I use the name Hemaris, are black and yellow bodied, more or less fuzzy ; they look like Humble-bees. On the other hand, the species of Haemorrhagia are Indian red and olive, with flattened body hairs, and by their form prepare us for the still more compressedly shaped species of the genus Aellopos. The late Mr. Robinson and myself, in our Systematic Catalogue of North American Sphingidae, p. 24, have defined under " Sesia," the structural idea I here retain under the more correct name of Hemaris.

As was the case with Hemorrhagia, in which we discovered that several distinct species existed on the Atlantic Slope, whereas but one, or at the utmost two, had been previously suspected, so I have now to draw attention to the fact that a nearly parallel state of things exists with regard to the species of Hemaris.

The first illustration of a North American species ^of Hemaris is by Abbot & Smith, in 1797. They illustrate and describe a species from Georgia, under the name of fuciformis. Whatever species they intended is comparatively of little moment, since the name they use is the same as that under which the European species was described, and they were wrong in considering the two as identical. Boisduval is the next to figure, in the "Species General," our Hemaris difiinis {Macroglossa diffinis, Boisd.) from the Atlantic Dis- trict. Without any idea of the existence of cotemporary species, Harris considers, and Clemens agrees, without obvious point, that H. difiinis is the species intended originally by Abbot. Boisduval is probably the originator of this idea, since quite recently, in the Annales de la Socicte Entomologique de Belgique, this distinguished Author indulges in even wider speculations Avith regard to the work on the Insects of Georgia, and unnecessarily troubles himself with

discoveries which the American student had ah'eady made and re- corded.

The next species of Heniaris described is from California. This is Hemaris Thetis {Macroglossa Thetis, Boisd.), illustrated by ourselves on Plate G, Vol. 1 of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society. A third species, Hemaris axillaris {Sesia axillaris, Grote and Eobinson), is described by ourselves in 1868 from Texas.

As in Haemorrhagia, good specific differences are also to be found in the shape, size and comparative width, of the band on the exter- nal margin of the primaries in the species of Hemaris. The inner edge of this band in H. diffinis is very slightly roundedly and evenly exserted or scalloped on the interspaces. This character is shown in Boisduval's figure, with which specimens before me from Massa- chusetts to Pennsylvania otherwise sufficiently agree, and is decisive of Avhat species is really intended. I do not think that either Clemens or Harris have mistaken Boisduval's and our most common spe- cies, so that a redescription is unnecessary. But I here indicate the existence of two new species in our territory, that may be separated from H. diffinis, by the shape and comparative width of the marginal band. We must remember H. diffinis as a species of good size, the apex of the primaries with a red stain on the marginal band, and with the inner edge of this marginal band improminently lunulate, neither dentate, nor perfectly even. The dark scale patch on the in- ternal margin of the hind wings is usually stained with red in H. diffinis.

Hemaris tenuis, Grote, Plate 1, fig. G, primary wing.

i 2 . — Pale yellowish and black. The two bluish white lateral abdominal spots evident against the blackish hairs of the basal segments, which latter are dorsally yellow. Anal tuft black, divided by yellow central hairs. Be- neath, some sparse yellow hair overlies the usual black abdominal vestiture. Legs black ; pectus pale yellowish white ; palpi above black, beneath pale yel- lowish. Wings largely vitreous, with very narrow, dull blackish borders ; blackish at base as usual, and partially overlaid with yellowish scales. Costal edging narrow ; the band along external margin is even on its inner edge and narrower throughout than in any species hitherto described from the Atlantic Pistrict. There is no perceptible red apical shading. The body squamation is rather rough, and in size it is the snialh^st of our species yet described. The

extornal margins of the wings are more rounded and full than in any of our other known species of Ileniaris.

Expanse, 1.50 inch. Lcngtli of body, .80 inch.

Throiigli ]\Ir. Strcckcr I luive received specimens from West Farms, N. Y., and Berks County, Pennsylvania.

lleinjiris Thetis, Grote, Plate 1, fig. 7, primary wing.

Macroglossa Thetis, Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. 3, troisieme Ser. Bull.,

p. 32, 1855.

Sesia thetis, Grote and Robinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. 1, Plate 6, 18G8.

This species is from California. It is larger than H. tenuis. The marginal band of the primaries is even, black and very narrow. The costal edge is depressed and the external margin of the fore wings is more oblique, uneven and longer than in H. tenuis. There is no apical stain on the marginal band of the primaries. The more robust Californian species may also be distinguished appa- rently by the details of the abdominal coloration. It is described and illustrated in Number 3 of our Descriptions of North Ameri- can Lepidoptera, as above cited. Our specimen expands 1.80 inch. A figure of the fore wing is given here for comparison.

Hemai'is diffinis, Grote, Plate 1, fig. 8, primary wing.

Macroglossa diffiinis, Boisduval, Sp. Gen. Plate 15, fig. 2, 1836. Sesia diffinis, Harris, Silliman's Journal, Vol. 36, p. 308, 1839. f SpMnx fuciformis. Smith, His. Ga., Vol. 1, p. 85, Plate 43, 1797.

This species occurs in Canada, and at various localities in the New England and Middle States. It may be considered infrequent in the vicinity of Buffalo. Mr. Zesch has, however, taken it as it hovered in day time about blossoms. My artist and my friend, Mr. Henry S. Sprague, gives a figure of the fore wing so that it may be compared with the other species here illustrated. In one example, received from Mr. Strecker, where the lunulation of the external band is hardly perceptible above, the character may be detected on the, under surface.

6

A considerable number of specimens examined by me expand 1.75 to 1.85 inch, and average about an inch in length of body as near as may be.

Heniaris margiualis, Orote, Plate 2, fig. 10. s .

Thorax above yellowish shading to olivaceous, the squamation becoming deep yellowish over the basal abdominal segments dorsally. Middle abdom- inal segments black ; the tAvo pre-anal deep yellowish. Anal tuft black with cen- tral yellowish hairs ; beneath, the abdomen is black, the yellowish hairs of the preanal segments extending downwardly at the sides. Legs black ; ante- rior i^air with pale scales along the tarsi and tibiae inwardly. Thorax beneath sulphur white. The body seems narrower, more fusiform than in the other species and the squamation more depressed. Wings largely vitreous, orna- mented as usual, but with a wider terminal band on the primaries than is pos- sessed by H. diffinis. The inner edge of this marginal band is plainly den- tate inwardly on the superior intersi^aces. There is a reddish apical stain as in H. diffinis.

Expanse, 1.65 to 1.70 inch. Length oflody, .95 inch.

Both sexes of this species have been obligingly communicated to me from Michigan by Mr. Herman Strecker. This is smaller, but otherwise closely allied to H. axillaris, Grote, from Texas.

Hemaris axillaris, Orote, Plate 1, fig. 9, primary wing. Sesia axillaris, Grote and Robinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 1, p. 23, 1868.

This species differs from H. marginalis by the much wider and more strongly dentate marginal band of the fore wings, exhibited in the present illustration. It is our most robust species. It is from Texas. On its discovery we expressed our views of the se- quence of the species of the genera Hemaris (Sesia), and Haemor- rhagia, which should be modified, since the examination of all the new species here described, in so far, that we are now decidedly un- willing to reunite them in a single genus, and disposed to insist on the retention of Haemorrhagia as a distinct structural tj-pe. I de- sire to express my obligations to Mr. Theo. L. Mead for the kind manner in which he has placed my types of this species at my pres- ent disposition. They passed into the possession of the Central Park Museum, with the large collections of the late Mr. Coleman T. Robinson and myself, at Mr. liobinson's desire.

Genus IIiUMUorrIiaa:ia, Orote and Robinson (18G5).

In the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of Xew Yorlc, Vol. VIIL, 18G7, Ave gave a synoptical table of the species of this genus, which I here repeat in a more complete shape, adding our recently described Haemorrhagia uniformis (Sesia miiformis G. & E.) from the Atlantic District. Mr. Lintner writes me that this is the more usual species about Albany. Mr. Strecker kindly sends me a female specimen from Labrador. This species is of the size of H. thysbe, but may be known at once by the edendate inner edge of the marginal band, inwardly produced at vein 5. We speak of this species on page 26 of our Systematic Catalogue. It is the ruficaudis X of Walker, but not of Kirby, to judge from the latter's description, which will not apply to any species of Hemaris or Haemorrhagia known to us. I owe to the kindness of Mr. Lintner, whose entomological labors I highly appreciate, specimens of H. gracilis, G. & R., taken near Albany, N. Y. This is our rarest species and the slightest bodied. In fresh specimens there is a narrow white inner lining above and below to the marginal bands of the wings, which is alike singular and beautiful. It has many distinguishing features, as will appear in the following synoptic table of the species of this genus. The first species known to sci- ence allied to Haem. thysbe, and differing by the edentate margin of the fore wings, is Haem. buffaloensis, G. & R. In Buflftilo, where also we take H. uniformis and H. thysbe, Mr. Eeinecke and Mr. Zesch have reared Haem. buffaloensis from the egg and observed it in all its stages. It makes a very slight cocoon on the surface of the ground. The chrysalis has no exterior independent tongue case. In its growth, as well as in the habits of the perfect moth, we see, that Haemorrhagia presents resemblances to the Hesperidae, and we can be sure that its Group outranks the Family. Mr. Lintner has piiblished full observations on the young stages of Haem. buffiiloen- sis in the interesting Reports on the State Cabinet ; the species has also occurred near Albany.

I owe to the obliging disposition of Mr. Strecker, of Reading, Penn., an opportunity of examining a single specimen of H. thysbe, from Pennsylvania, in which the pre-anal segments are almost entirely red, with only a few lateral olive colored hairs. I think it

8

possible, then, that H. fuscicaudis is only a form of H. thysbe ; but I have no authentic specimens of the former species for comparison The following is a table of our species of Haemorrhagia :

Group I. (Chamaesesia.)

Discal cell of primaries free. Vitreous field of secondaries crossed by five nervules. Sp. 1.

Thorax beneath, with lateral red shades ; hind wings beneath with a pale shade at anal angle, 1. Haem. graciliSj G. & R.

Uroup II. {Haemorrhagia)

Discal cell of primaries crossed by a longitudinal bar of scales, appearing as a prolongation of vein 5. Vitreous field of secondaries crossed by six nervules. Sp. 2 to 6.

A. Inner edge of external marginal band of the fore wings not dentate on the interspaces. Sp. 2 to 4.

&•-

Size small. (Expanse 1.65 to 1.70 inch) 2. Haem. Buffaloeiisis, G. & R.

Size moderate. (Expanse 1.80 to 2.20 inch). 3. Haem. iiiiiformis, Grote. Size large. (Expanse, $ , 2.40 inch) 4. Haem. Florideusis, G. & R.

B. Inner edge of external marginal band of the fore wings dentate on the interspaces. Sp. 5 and G.

Abdomen with the pre-anal segments olivaceous, 5. Haem. Tliysbe? {G. & R.) Abdomen terminally entirely deep red, 6. Haem. f uscicaudis,(i?ow'(Z.)

V. Heinemaun, in his " Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz," p. 142, says, that the discal cell of the primaries is crossed by a prolongation of vein 5, in the European Hemaris bombyliformis. On examination I find, that in all our species, as well as in the European, where the cell of the primaries is not free, it is crossed by a line of scales continuous with vein 5, but the vein itself is thrown off" as usual ; it is not prolonged inwardly, as stated by the German Entomologist.

9

Family NOCTUIDAE.

Leucauia Harveyi, Orotc, Plate 1, fig. 14, primary wing.

S ? . — The fore wings are rather narrow, with straight costal edge and hardly oblique exterior margin. They are pale ochrey, with a gray costal shade, which picks out the nervules. A black dot at the extremity of the cell. The median nervure is striped with white scales which extend partially along the median nervules, that are else marked with gray. At base the white stripe broadens below the nervure and is edged inferiorly by a distinct black line. Medially, below median nervure, the submedian interspace is gray limited below by a second curved dark line. A third dark streak edges the median nervure below, between the origin of second and third nervules. Between the fourth and fifth nervules there is a faint interspaceal streak and cuneiform dark marks precede the gray terminal space, which is cut oflF obliquely to apex. A fine terminal line ; fringes pale. Collar whitish, with a dark bordering line ; tegulae with a white streak. Head, thorax and appendages pale, somewhat olivaceous ochrey. Hind wings smoky, blackish, with whitish fringes, with- out marks. Beneath, pale with powdered dark scales ; nervules dark. Some- times the median nervure on the primaries is darker shaded above on the cell, and the subterminal marks are variably guttate and distinct.

Expanse, 1.20 to 1.30 inch. Habitat, Buffalo, N. Y., etc.

A common species in the Eastern and Middle States. It is probably described by Guenee as L. albilinea, Huhner. A reference to Hiibner's original illustration, Zutraege, figs. 337 to 338, of a species with uneven costal edge, pale apical shade and produced apices, from Buenos Ayres, gives abundant reason to reject Guenee's determina- tion, while the assumption that Hiibner is mistaken in his locality, seems gratuitous. Guenee himself doubted his determination of our species, for, referring to some discrepancies between Hubner's figure and the material before him from the United States, he asks : Serait-ce une espece distiucte ?

To Dr. Leon F. Harvey, of Buffalo, who is studying this Family of Moths, and whom I thank for his kind personal interest, I dedi- cate this species.

BTJL. BUP. SOC. NAT. SCI. (2) APRII., 1873.

10

Leiicauia Henricij Grote, Plate 1, fig. 15, primary wing.

The wings are long and wide ; primaries with the costal edge nearly straight, slightly arcuated to the depressedly acute apices ; external margin oblique ; internal angle full and rounded. The fore wings above are marked with lon- gitudinal shades. There are no traces whatever of the ordinary spots or lines. All the veins are picked out by whitish gray scales and the interspaces streaked with olivaceous ochrey. This latter darker shade obtains prominently and broadly from the base of the wing, below median nervure on the submedian interspace centrally, to the external margin, before which it is attenuate, leav- ing the submedian fold marked by gray scales, and the region along the internal margin of the wing, above and below the internal nervure, gray with scattered darker scales. The interspaces between the second and fourth veins have central gray shades. Again the deep olivaceous ochrey color extends along the discal cell, margining the median nervure superiorly, attenuate at base and widening to external margin on both sides of the fifth vein, which is as usual brought into relief by pale scales. Again the darker shade is more prominently perceivable on the post-apical interspace between veins 7 and 8 ; a short trigonate shade. A subobsolete series of dots at the base of the white fringes. Hind wings white. Beneath, whitish with costal dustings of darker scales on both wings ; a faint terminal row of dark marks. Thorax beneath olivaceous ochrey, as are the legs inwardly ; outwardly the tibiae and tarsi are whitish gray and contrast. Antennae rather short and stout, simple, testaceous. Palpi ex- ceeding slightly the front. Head and thorax above gray ; abdomen exceeding the hind wings, rather long.

Expanse, 1.50 inch. Habitat, New York State.

Both sexes of this species are before me. Its neutral tints are distinct and their contrasts on the primaries strong. It cannot be confounded easily with any of our described species on account of the shape and breadth of the primaries, the simplicity of the mark- ings and the contrast of the tints. In the shape of the wings this species resembles Meliana.

I name the present species after my friend Mr. Henry S. Sprague, to whose talent in drawing the present Article owes much value.

Leucania evanida, Orote, Plate 1, fig. 16,'primary wing.

S . — Allied to L. Henrici, but difiers by its narrower wings ; the primaries have the costal edge straighter ; about internal angle the wing is not so full, less roundedly produced ; the internal margin is straighter and the wing is less developed below the internal nervure. There is a great similarity be-

11

tween tlio species in the ornaniPntation and color, but everywhciro the gray shades of L. Ilenrici are here obsolete, and the olivaceous tints on the primaries are wanting in L. evanida, in which the interspaceal shadings are simply ochre- ous. The fore wings are almost entirely pale ochreous, with the whitish veins and shadings less obvious and contrasting. The internal margin is ochreous in the present species while it is gray in L. Ilenrici. The labial palpi are shorter and do not so prominently exceed the front in L. evanida, which is the slighter of the two and but little exceeds the European L. pallens in size. Our species wants all dots or marks whatever on the primaries above. The fringes are immaculate.

Expanse, 1.45 inch. Iliibitat, Vuivi^va Co., N. Y.

A single specimen has been taken by the late Mr. C. T. Robinson at Brewster's.

Caradrina miranda, Grote.

S . — This is a slight species with narrow, glossy blackish primaries, their cos- tal and internal margins straight. All markings are obliterate and hardly to be discerned. The ordinary lines are divaricate ; the subterminal line is obso- lete, indicated by very faint pale dots and preceding dashes. An obscure dark dot marks the orbicular ; a pale dot on the cross vein preceded by a dark streak, the reniform. The wing and fringes are concolorous and in some lights there is nothing to disturb their unicolorous appearance. Thorax above a little darker ; abdomen and under surface of body and the legs a little paler than primaries. Hind wings pellucid whitish, clouded with blackish along the external and costal margins, without discal mark, with an attenuate marginal line. ' Beneath both pair whitish ; the fore wings are largely black- ish superiorly and along external margin. The costal region of the hind wings is broadly, evenly and well definedly blackish.

Expanse, .90 to 1.00 inch. Hahitat, New York State.

This species of which several specimens are contained in the collection of this Society, is pyraliform in appearance, reminding ns somewhat of Aglossa. It appears to bear a certain resemblance to the European C. palustris, Herrich-Schaeffer, fig. 292. It resembles also generally, the figures 366 and 367 of the same Author.

12

Family GEOMETRIDAE.

Phasiane mellistrigata, Orote, Plate 1, fig. 11. $ .

Labial palpi convergent, extended beyond the front, the minute third article naked. Antennae scaled, simple. Maxillae moderately stout. Vein 5 of the secondaries absent. Dark steel gray. Wings ample ; primaries -with straight costal edge, bluntly acuminate apices, external margin slightly rounded. Secondaries full, a very little depressed on external margin oppo- site the cell. Fore wings bright clean steel gray ; a distinct even continued narrow, slightly oblique, bright ochreous transverse anterior line with a light preceding shade, discontinued superiorly. A dark discal streak, above which, on costa, the very indistinct median shade line is more distinctly incepted. A very distinct double bright ochreous transverse posterior line, followed by a distinct black shade and running from internal margin, a little unevenly and outwardly obliquely to vein 7, where it is arrested, connected with the costa by a narrow black line placed inwardly. Subterminal line appearing as a vague festooning outside of the black shade. A very fine terminal line appearing by interspaceal dots. Fringes concolorous. Hind wings a little paler, mottled, deepening in color outwardly, with a distinct median even once angulated dark line, and a fainter subterminal shade. Beneath, paler, mottled ; the veins picked out by testaceous scales ; the costal edge a little stained ; markings improminent. Body concolorous. Hind tibiae with middle and terminal spurs.

Expanse, 1.10 inch. Halitat, Buffalo, N. Y.

We have only the female of this species in the collection.

Mellilla, n. g.

The body is narrow and linear ; the abdomen as long as the sec- ondaries, the internal angle of which it slightly exceeds. Labial palpi dependent, short, but little exceeding the front. No ocelli. Male antennae bipectinate ; the pectinations are obtuse, and proyided with setal hair ; there are about eighteen pairs on each antennus, and they gradually decrease in length to the tip, where they become obsolete. Maxillae moderate. Wings long. Primaries with straight costal and parallel internal margins ; external margin rounded, a little shorter than usual. Veins 3 and 4 thrown off together; 5 independent, equidistant between 4 and G ; 7 and 8 together from the extremity of the long and narrow accessory cell, 7 to external

13

margin before, 8 to costal margin just within the apex ; 9 out of 8 ; 10 forming the upper limit of tlie accessory cell, (which is closed by a branchlet towards the base of 8 and 7,) and originating from the ui)})er side of the median nervure; 11 out of 10 on the line of the costal nervure ; 12 anastomosing with 10. Hind wings ovate, vein 5 wanting. Fringes short. A genus of Geometridae allied to Fidonia.

Mollilla clianiaechrysaria, Orote, Plate 1, fig. 1, $ .

S . Anterior wings basally pale brownish oclirey, sprinkled with dark brown scales. The perpendicular median shade is j)ropiuquitous to the even transverse exterior line, which limits inwardly the deep brown terminal field of the wing. This latter is deeper shaded along the apical region and with the line, becoming a little paler centrally on external margin. Hind wings deep orange above, without lines. Internal margin with black scales, which mark the inception of the usual transverse lines at anal angle. Beneath the fore wings are orange, with a terminal apical band. Hind wings pale brown, irrorate with dark scales and with a median transverse dark band.

Expanse, .75 inch. Ilahitat, Buffalo, N. Y., etc.

Mr. Charles Linden has taken specimens in this vicinity. I have seen this species singly in other collections of Moths, made at various points in the Atlantic States.

On the Plate, fig. 2 represents the under surface, and fig. 3 the denuded wings enlarged, showing the venation.

Family PYRALIDAE.

*Lomanaltes, n. g.

Ocelli. Eyes naked. Maxillae moderate. Labial palpi elongate, projected straightly forward ; second joint as long as the thorax ; third joint longer than usual, oljliquely porrected, closely scaled. Antennae simple, slender, finely ciliate inwardly. Fore wings elon- gate, produced apically; costal edge sinuate, uneven, medially de- pressed; external margin oblique; internal angle rounded and the

* Qr.; /ufxa et ava/.i??/f.

14

margin shorter than usual. Venation like Hypena; primaries 13- veined : 3, 4 and 5 approximate ; 4 nearer 5 at base ; cell closed ; an accessory cell, from the outer extremity of which 7 and 8 are thrown off from one point; 9 out of 8 to costa; 8 to apex; 10 out of the upper edge of the cell opposite the inception of 6. Hind wings moderately full and rounded, 8-veined ; 5 arising within 3 and 4, independent, or connected by an aborted feeble veinlet with the median nervure. Hind tibiae with terminal and median spurs.

Lomaualtes laetulus, Grote, Plate \, figs. 12, i .

Anterior wings dull olivaceous brown with a liglit purple cast. The dark color of the wing extends from the base to the outer median line, beyond this latter a very pale shade frosts the subterminal field and extends along costal region broadly to apices. Transverse anterior line even, nearly perpendicular, twice angulated, rusty ochreous with a pale preceding shade. Transverse posterior line similar in appearance, not angulated, even, oblique, followed by a pale shade. The inconspicuous discal dot is formed by raised scales. Sub- terminal line faint, irregular, indented opposite the cell and again at submedian interspace ; the line itself is dark, picked out externally by pale points. Ter- minally the wing is again dark below the pale apical region ; fringes dark. Hind wings fuscous, without markings, touched with whitish at anal angle ; fringes darker. Beneath the wings are fuscous ; secondaries paler ; discal dots perceivable. Ou the primaries a white dot on the interspace between 7 and 8 and the costal nervules are faintly indicated by pale scales. Head and appendages and thorax concolorous with fore wings ; the third palpal joint is tipped with pale scales. Under the glass there is an admixture of pale scales overlying the primaries and body parts. Abdomen slender, with feeble dorsal tufts, no longer than internal margin of secondaries.

Expanse, 1.10 inch. Habitat, Philadelphia; Albany, N. Y. — (Lintner.)

This genus is allied to Hypena and Bomolocha. From either it strongly differs in the shape of the primaries : their sinuate costal edge, apical production and oblique and extended external margin. The relative length and position of the third palpal article are pe- culiar. In the last of three Papers, partly treating of the North American Deltoids, to which the above genus belongs, I have enu- merated twenty genera and fifty species as referable to the Group, which I follow the authors of the Wiener Verzeichniss in consider-

15

ing as belonging to the Pyralidae. The Group appears to me of subfamily value. Figure 13 gives an enlarged vieAv of the extremity of the labial palpus, showing the position of the terminal joint in Lomanaltes.

Family TORTRICIDAE.

Tortrix Georgiaiia, Grote, Plate 1, fig. 4, primary wing.

Male antennae not basally constricted ; all tlie nervules separated ; costa of tlie primaries with a basal fold enclosing a liair pencil ; vein 2 thrown off at outer two-thirds of the median nervure from the base to origin of vein 3. Hind wings with 3 and 4 thrown off together ; also 6 and 7. Fore wings pale ochrey, with five transverse, irregular, nearly equidistant, perpendicular, fer- ruginous lines crossing the basal two-thirds of the wing ; the outer fourth and fifth of these lines are joined on the submedian interspace by a crossing of similar scales. The second from the base divides at costa. On the outer third of the wing similar ferruginous scales form three disconnected angulate fig- ures ; two on the costal, one on the internal margin, that at the apex Y-shaped. Light purply shades on the ground color of the wing between the ferruginous markings. Hind wings dark fuscous with pale fringes ; anal tuft prominent.

Habitat, Philadelphia (Bunte).

Tortrix Houstonaua, Grote, Plate 1, fig. 5, primary wing.

No basal antennal constriction ; fore wings 12 veined, all the veins separate ; without (?) a costal fold. Hind wings slightly truncate ; external margin un- even (wellenrandig) ; veins 3 and 4 thrown off together, short ; 5 much re- moved ; 6 and 7 together ; 7 curved upwardly to apex. Hind tibiae with double spurs. Palpi thickly scaled, porrect, applied to the front. Fore wings jmle ochreous, much taken up with ferruginous transverse irregular lines; between these the irregularly formed interspaces are filled out with different paler shades ; at outer third the second and third transverse lines from the external margin are connected medially by a black blotch, and blackish scales are else- where intermixed on the lines. There is a plumbeous patch on submedian interspace and a smaller one beneath it on the margin, as well as others obliquely inwardly towards costa not prominent. The paler scales over the middle of the wing are slightly brilliant. Hind wings pale, slightly smoky, with paler fringes longer about anal angle and internal margin. In color this smaller species with rounded primaries resembles the preceding, but the

16

wing is darker, more blotchy and ferruginous. The longer fringes about anal angle of the hind wings remind one of Teras, to which I was at first disposed to refer both species, but the point of departure of vein 2 on the fore wings and the straightness of the median nervure are opposed to the characters of that genus.

Habitat, Texas (Belfrage).

Conchylis straminoides, Orote.

The fore wings widen outwardly, lapping a little at internal angle. Pale soft ochreous, with a median olivaceous band on the fore wings which below appears as a very large and very intensely colored ferruginous spot taking up the inferior half of tlie band and resting on internal margin. The apical re- gion is powdered with dark scales and the wing terminally shaded downwardly with olivaceous. The costa is also darker dotted at base. Thus there are in- dications of three darker transverse shades. Fringes pale. Beneath the pri- maries are dark fuscous, except along internal margin. Above, the hind wings are pale with a light fuscous shade ; beneath with a sprinkling of fuscous scales about the costo-apical region. Labial palpi dependent.

Habitat, Buffalo, N. Y.

Kesembles C. stramiuea of Europe and more distantly C. augula- tana, Robinson, from this State.

17

II. Catalogue of the Sphingidae of North America.

Sij^ce the North American species of Spliingidae were enumer- ated in 18G8, by the late Mr. Coleman T. Robinson and myself, a few additional species have been discovered in our Territory, and are here included. A very few generic changes have been also found necessary, and are here introduced. No authentic captures of Phil. Satellitia, or Dil. Brontes, have been reported from any part of our Territory. These were formerly retained among our species, for the reason that they occur near our southern borders, as also, partly, that some of our own species had been mistaken for them, as will in fact api^ear from an examination of synonymy here acknowledged. The geographical limits here accepted, and the signs used, are the same as those adopted in the List of the Lepidoptera of North

America.

Aug. R, Grote. Buffalo, April 21, 1873.

SPHINGIDAE.

Subfamily, BOMBYLIAE (Ilubuer).

Tribe, Vulgares {Iliibner).

ARCTONOTUS, Boisduval (1852).

Type: Arctouotus lacidus, Boisduval.

IncMus, Boisduval. California.

LEPISESIA, Grote (1865).

Type : Maeroglossa flavofa.sciata, Bnrnstoii MS. flavofasciat.ij Grote.

Maeroglossa flavofasciata. Walker. Canada.

Bl-L. EUF. POC. NAT. SCI. (3) MAY. 187.3.

18

HEMARIS, Dalman (1816).

Type : Spliins fuciformis, Linnaeus.

Tlictis, Orote.

Macroglossa Thetis, Boisduval.

Sesia thetis, Qrote and Robinson. California.

tenuis, Grote.

New York ; Pennsylvania.

difflnis, Grote.

Macroglossa diffinis, Boisduval.

Sesia diffinis, Harris.

? Sphinx fuciformis, % Smith. Canada ; Xew York ; Pennsylvania.

marginalis, Grote. Michigan.

axillaris, Grote.

Sesia axillaris, Grote and Robinson. Texas.

HAEMORRHAGIA, Grote and Robinson (1865).

Type : Sesia Tliysbe, Fuhridus. § Chamaesesia, Grote.

gracilis, Grote and Robinson. Canada ; New York.

§ Haemorrhagia, Grote and Robinson.

Buffaloensis, Grote and Robinson. New York.

uniforiuis, Grote.

Sesia ruficaudis, X Walker.

Sesia uniformis, Grote and Robinson. Labrador ; Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania,

f loridensis, Grote and Robinson. Florida.

19

Thysbc, Orote and RoUnson.

Sesia Thysbc, Fabricius.

Sphinx pclasfjus, Cramer.

? Sesia cimhiciformis, Stephens.

? Sesia rujicaudis, Kirby. Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania.

fuscicaudis ( Walker).

Macroglossa fuscieaudis, Boisduval MS. Georgia (Abbot).

AELLOPOS, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Sphinx Titan, Cramer.

Titan, Hiibner.

Sphinx Titan, Cramer.

Macroglossum annulosum, Swainson.

Macroglossa balteata, Kirtland. Oliio ; Texas.

Tantalus, Hiibner.

Sphinx Tantalus, Linnaeus.

Sphinx zonata, Drury. Texas.

EUPROSERPINUS, Grote and Robinson (18G5).

Type: Euproserpinus Phaeton, Orote ami Robinson .

Phaeton, Grote and Robinson.

Macroglossa Erato, Boisduval. California.

Tribe, Aequivocae {Hubner). THYREUS, Swainson (1821).

Type : Thyreus Abbotii, Swainson

Abbotii, Swainson.

Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

AMPHION, Hiibner (181G).

Type : Sphinx Nessus, Cramer.

Nessus, Hiibner.

Sphinx Ncssiis, Cramer. Canada ; New York ; Pennsj'lvania.

20

ENYO, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Spliinx lugubris, Linnaeus.

lug'ubrisj Wallcer.

Sphinx lugubris, Linnaeus.

Sphynx Fegeus, Cramer.

Enyo Phegeus, Hiibner, Verzeiclmiss.

? Enyo luguhris, Hiibner, Zutraege.^ Georgia ; Alabama ; Texas.

DEIDAMIA, Clemens (1859).

Type : Pterogon ? inscriptum, JJarris. inscript.a, Clemens.

Pterogon ? inscriptum, Harris. ? SpJdnx Japix, Cramer.

Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

PROSERPINUS, Hiibner (1816).

Type: Spliinx Oenotlierae, Denis and Scliifferlin. Clarkiaej Clemens.

Pterogon Clarkias, Boisduval. California.

Gaurae. Hdhner.

Spliinx Gaurae, Abbot and Smith. Georgia.

Subfamily DEILEPHILAE {Iluhier).

Tribe, Pallidivenosae {Hiibner). DEILEPHILA, Oclisenlieimer (1816),

Type : Spliinx livornica, Esper. Cliamaeuerii, Harris.'^

Sphinx epilohii, Harris MS. Deilcphilu galii, % Walker. Deilephila canadensis, Guenee MS. ? Beilephila intermedia, Kirby. Canada ; Lake Superior ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

1 This reference, I tliink, should bo transferred to tlie synonymy of Enyo Gorgon; Dr. Herrich-Schaefl'er, however, does not agree with me on this point.

2 In 1865 I drew attention to certain characters, which I thinli readily distinguish our American species. M. Ouen6e (Annates de la Socict6 Entomologique de France, 4i6me, Scrie 8, p. 7) speaks of tlie distinguishing cliaracters of D. cliamacnerii as " trC-s-sufflsants." I am, therefore,

21

liucatn, ILo-rin.

Sphinx liiicdtK, Fubricius (Syst. Ent. 177o). Sphinx daucus, Cramer (Plate 135, D. 1779).

California ; Canada to Texas.

Tribe, Elegantes {Ilubncr).

DUrO, Hiibner (181G.)

Vitis.

Sphinx vitis, Linnaeus, Drury, Fabricius, Denis and Schiflferlin, Cramer (367, C), Abbot and Smith, Westwood.

Merian (Plate 47, upper figure teste Linnaeus).

Sphinx fasciatus, Sulzer. Dupojussieuae, Hiibner. Philampeliis vitis, Harris. Philampelm vitis (larva), Clemens. Philampelus jussieuae (imago) Clemens. Philampeliis fasciatus, Lucas.

New Jersey ; Southern States.

Liiiuei.

Sphinx vitis, | Cramer (368, E). Dapo vitis, j^ Hiibner, Verzeichniss. Philampelas vitis, X Walker, Herrich-ScliaefFer. Philampelus vitis, X (imago), Clemens. Alabama (Auth. Calverley).

PHILA3IPELUS, Harris (1839).

Type : Daphne Pandorus, Iliihner. Paiidorus, Walker.

Daphne Pandorus, Hiibner.

Pliilampelus satellitia, X Harris.

Philampelus ampelophaga, Boisduval MS.

f Sphinx satellitia Fabricius, Drury (not of Linnaeus). Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania.

Acheiuoii) Harris.

Sphinx Achemon, Drury.

Sphinx Grantor, Cramer. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

not agreed with a certain hasty opinion to the contrary, in the pages of the Canadian Entomol- ogist, expressed by Mr. Herman Strecker. >!. Guenae conjectures that the description of Deilephila Oxybiiphi, Clemens, an apocryphal species, is based on a lurva of Deilephila chamaenerii.

22

PACHYLIA, Walker (1856).

Type : Spliiiix ficiis, Linnaeus.

Lyuceaj Clemens. Texas.

ARGEUS, Hiibner (1816),

Type : Spliinx Labruscae, Linnaeus.

Labruscae, Huhner.

Sphinx Labruscae, Linnaeus. New Jersey ; Philadelphia (Autli. C. A. Blake).

Tribe, Obliquostriatae {Hubner). METOPSILUS, Duncan (1852).

Type : Sphinx Tersa, Linnaeus. Tersaj Duncan.

Sphinx Tersa, Linnaeus. Canada to Texas.

(?) Procne (Clemens).

California (Auth. Clemens).

Tribe, Uncinnati {Huhner).

DARAPSA, Walker (1856).

Type : Sphinx Choerilus, Cramer. Clioerilus, Walker.

Sphinx Choerilus, Cramer. Sphinx Azaleae, Abbot and Smith.

Massachusetts ; New York ; Southern States.

Tersicoloi'j Clemens.

Choerocampa versicolor, Harris. Massachusetts ; New York (Buffalo).

Myron, Walker.

SpJiinx Myron, Cramer.

Spliinx pampinatrix , Abbot and Smith.

Otus Cnotus, Hiibner.

Canada ; New York ; Snutliern States.

23

Subfamily SMEKINTHI {Iluhncr).

Tribe, Angulati Ujibner.

PAONIAS, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Spliinx excaecatus, Abbot and Smith.

excaecatus, Uilbner.

SpJiinx excaecatua, Abbot and Smith. Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Southern States.

pavoninus, Gei/er.

Pennsylvania (Auth. Geyer). An spec, praec. ?

iiiyopsj Hiibner.

Spliinx niyops, Abbot and Smitli. Smerinthus rosacaerum, Boisduval.

New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

Astylus.

CALASTMBOLUS/ Grote (1873).

Type : Sphinx Astylus, Drury.

Sphinx Astylus, Drury. Sphinx lo, Boisduval. Smcrinthvs intcgcrrima, Harris. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

SMERINTHUS, Latreille (1809).

Type : Spliinx ocellatus, Linnaeus.

ophthalmicus, Boisduval. California.

^euiiuatus, Say.

Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

Cerisii, Kirby.'^

Hudson's Bay Territory (Keunicott).

•^Gr.: kcOm) et aavfijio/jx;. The genus ditlcrs from Paouias in the shape of the second- aries, and from Smerinthus in antennal structure.

'' I regret to differ entirely from the conclusions reached by ]\Ir. Liutner, in an interesting article on the variation of Smerinthus geminutus (Entomological Contril)ution II). I tliink also that in no eveut should Drury's name l3e brought into use for our common species, since his illus- tration is discordant. I learn from Mr. Strecker that a specimen referable to this genus has been received from the Isthmus. Mr. Lintner's reasons for referring Drury's and Kirby's illustrations to S. geuiiiiatns must be conceded, 1 think, to be partly speculative. In 1865 I satisfied myself that Kirby's figure was faithful and liis species valid.

24

Tribe : Dentatae {Huhner). LAOTHOE, Fabricius restr. (1807).

Type: Spliius Popiili, ZiHHrtews.

modesta.

Smerinthus modesta, Harris. Smerintlius princeps. Walker. Lake Superior ; Canada; Massachusetts; New York.

CRESSONIA, Grotc and Robinson (1865).

Type: Sphinx juglaudis, Abbot and Smitlt.

juglaiidiSj Grote and Robinson.

Sphinx juglandis, Abbot and Smith. Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Southern States.

Subfamily, MANDUCAE, {Huhner).

Tribe, Ponderosae {Hiibner).

CERATOMIA, Harris (1839).

Type : Agrius Amj^ntor, Hubncr.

Amyntorj Orate and Robinson.

Agrius Amyntor, Hiibner.

Ceratomia quadricornis, Harris. Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Michigan.

DAREMMA, Walker (1856).

Type : Daremma undulosa, Walker. undulosa, Walker.

Sphinx Brontes, X Boisduval, Species Gem'ral. Macrosila Brontes ? Walker. Ceratomia repentinus, Clemens. Connecticut; New York ; Pennsylvania; Micliigan.

25

DILUDIA, Grote and Robinson (1805).

Type : Sphinx Brontes {Drury), Grote.

Jasinincaritiii; Grote and Robinson.

Sphinx jasminearum, Boisduval. New York ; Pennsylvania.

leucopliaoata (Clemens).

Texas (Auth. Clemens).

MACROSILA, Walker emend. (1856).

Type : Spliinx rustica, Fubricius.

rustica; Walker.

Sphinx rustica, Fabricius.

Sphinx cMonanthi, Abbot and Smith. Pennsylvania ; Virginia ; Southern States.

Carolina, Clemens.

Sphinx Carolina, Linnaeus. Massuchusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

CeleuSj Orote and Robinson.

Phleyothontiits Celei/s, Hiibner.

Sphinx quinquemaculata, Stephens.

Sphinx Carolina, % Donovan. Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

Ciugulataj Clemens.^

Sphinx cingulata, Fabricius. Sphinx Druroei, Donovan.

Sphinx convolvvli, X Abbot and Smitli. New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

SPHINX, Linnaeus restr. (1758).

Type : Sphinx ligustri, Linnaeus.

Drui»ifcrarum, Abbott and Smith.

Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

Kalniiac, Abbot and Smith.

Canada ; New Yorli ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

5 The European Sphinx convolvuli foils in after our M. cinsrulata, and belongs to Macrosila. See Grote and Robinson, Annals New York Lyceum, Vol. 8, 18UG.

Bri.. Bl'F. see. NAT. SCI. (4) MAT. 187.3.

26

ChersiSj Grotc and Robinson.

Lethia chcrsis, Hiibner.

Sphinx cinerea, Harris. Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York : Pennsylvania.

LETHIA, Hiibner restr. (181G).

Type : Sphinx Gordius, Crnmcr.

Gordius, Hiibner.

SpJiinx Gordius, Cramer. Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

luscitiosa.

Sphinx luscitiosa, Clemens. New York ; Wisconsin.

AGRIUS/ Hiibner restr. (1820).

Type : Agrius eremitus, Huhner.

eremitus, Uuhner.

Sphinx sordida, Harris. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Wisconsin.

lugens.

Sphinx lugens. Walker. Texas.

DOLBA, Walker (1856).

Type : Sphinx Hylaeus, Drury. Hylacusj Walker.

Sphinx Hylaeus, Drury.

Sphinx Prini, Abbot and Smith. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

8 I accept Mr. Lintner s restriction of rtiibner's generic term ■nith pleasure. The name cannot be used for any of the species included under it in the Verzeichniss. I have liitlierto neglected to observe the structure of this and allied forms.

27

Tribe, Leves {Iliibncr). DILOPHONOTA, Burmeister (185G).

Type : Sphinx Ello, Linnaeus.

EllO; Burmeister.

SpJiinx Ello, Linnaeus. New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

obscura, Orote and Robinson.

Sphinx obscura, Fabricius. ? Erinnyis Stheno, Iliibner.

Pennsylvania.

HYLOICUS, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Sphinx pinastri, Linnaeus.

Scquoiae {Boisduval). California.

Strobi {Boisduval). California ?

plebeia, Grote.

SpJiinx plebeia, Fabricius. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

ELLEMA, Clemens (1859).

Type : Ellema Harrisii, Clemens.

Coniferarum.

Sphinx coniferarum, Abbot and Smith. Georgia.

Harrisii, Clemens.

Sphinx coniferarum, % Harris.

Canada ; Massachusetts ; New York.

Piiieum, Lintner.

Canada (?) ; New York State.

28

bombycoides. Walker. - Canada (Autli. Walker).

LAPARA," Walker (1856).

Type : Lapara bombycoides, Walker.

7 A critical comparison between specimens of EUema Harrisii and a figure of Lapara bomby- coides, executed in England, convinces me tliat tlie two species, if distinct, cannot be separated by any uncomparative description. The fore wings in the drawing of L. bombycoides seem narrower, with the external margin quite oblique, the apices more produced. So also the external prominent dentatedly lunulate transverse band is more oblique, and its representation in the picture gives it a more even general course ; whereas in Ellema Harrisii it is a little outwardly bent opposite the cell, and there is a depression at submedian interspace. The hind wings appear a little more rounded and the head more sunken in the drawing. But in every detail of size, color and characteristic marking, there is so great a correspondence between the two that I am inclined to believe that the drawing represents an individual of E. Harrisii, and I hope an occa- sion will be soon offered for sending specimens of Ellema Harrisii to Loudon for verification.

Hyloicus and Ellema appear to me to recall, sufiBciently strongly as to be noticed, certain European Bombjxidae, such as Dendrolimus pini, which are considered by some authors as typical of the latter family, but which have apparently no American representatives.

29

III. Catalogue of the Zygaenidae of North America.

Since the publication in the " List," of the North American Zygaenidae in 1808, by the Lite Coleman T. Robinson and myself, several new forms have been described l)y Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., and Mr. Eichard H. Stretch. In the valuable work of the latter Author, now appearing in Parts, are also several suggestions in rela- tion to the synonymy of certain species, which I here adopt. In the Fourth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, Dr. Packard suggests that Eupsychoma geometrica, Grote, from Colorado, is the same or rather a variety of ISTemeophila petrosa, Walker. I have described and figured two species of Nemeophila from California,, and also examined Mr. "Walker's types of the genus in the British Museum. My type of Eupsychoma is in the collection of the American Entomological Society, and I did not have it with me in 1867 for comparison when in London. It diflfers from Mr. Walker's type and description by the immaculate second- aries, and it is broader winged. Dr. Packard's remarks show me, however, that I have probably erroneously referred the species to the present family in 1865, and it is here excluded. From what we already know of the distribution of this Family, we may expect the discovery of many more species from Southern California, the South-western Territories and Texas. In my Notes on the Zygaenidae of Cuba, 1866, I have drawn comparison between the profusional intertropical representation of the Family and this limited number, both of genera and species which appear as inhab- itants of the Atlantic District, where the Bombycidae are the pre- vailing element. In the present "Catalogue" all species not occurring within the Faunal limits embraced by Dr. Le Coute's List of the Coleoptera are omittrd.

Aug. R. Grote. Buffalo, April 28, 1873.

30

ZYGAENIDAE. Subfamily HESPERI-SPHINGES, LatreiUe.

Tribe, Alypiini, Orote.

ALYPIA, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Zygaena 8-maculata, Fabncius. § Androloma.i Lorquinii, Orote and Robinson. California ; Colorado Territory.

similis; Stretch.

California.

MacCullochii, Kirly. Nevada; Canada; Nova Scotia.

Riding^siij Orote.

Colorado Territory ; Nevada ; California.

Branuani; Stretch.

California.

§ Alypia.

Dipsacij Orote and Robinson. California.

Sacrainenti, Orote and Robinson. California.

octomaculata) Habner.

Zygaena octomaculata, Fabricius. 2 Alypia octomaculalis, Hubner. $ Alypia quadriguttalis, Hiibner. Phalaena albomaculata, Cramer.

Anticosti Island ; Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

^Qr.: avSpiov et "ku^a. I include in this section tlie species with a drum-like expansion of the costa in the male. The type is Alypia Lorquinii.

31

Lnngftonii, Covper.

Alyina octomaculata, % ^Walker (in part). Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

Mariposa, Orote and Robinson. California.

Innata, Stretch. California.

Oi'otei {BoisduvaJ).

? Agarista himaculata, Herricli-Scliaeffer, fig. 26. California.

Tribe, Psychomorpiiini, Grate.

rSYCHOMORPHA, Harris (1839).

Type : Noctua Epimenis, Drury.

Epimeiiis, Harris.

Noctua Epimenis, Drury. Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

Tribe, Eudriini, Grote. EUSCIRRHOPTERUS, Grote (1866).

Type : Euscirrbopterus Poeyi, Grote.

Oloveri, Grote. Texas.

2 While Mr. Walker, in the British Museum Lists, refers Canadian specimens of A. Langtonii to A. 8-maculata, I think it probable that Mr. Couper describes the latter species as the male of A. Langtonii. This supposition, however, becomes unlikely when we see that Mr. Couper quotes my letter describing the male A. 8-maculata, with which he is unacquainted, in the same Paper. If Mr. Couper is correct, we have to do with a species in which, while the female has but a single spot on the hind wings, the male has two spots, like A. 8-maculata. But I think I have both sexes of A. Langtonii agreeing with Mr. Couper's original illustration. A mistake is the more likely to have happened, since Mr. Couper compares his species, in the first instance, with A. MacCullochii, Kirby, instead of with A. 8-niaculata. Kirby gives the color of the spots on both wings in his species as white. Both Kirby's very good figure and a specimen before me from Owen's Lake, Nevada, show a sulphur tinge on both wings, though more decid- edly on the primaries. A. Langtonii 8 has also the spots concolorous on either wing, and it is probably only in A. 8-maculata that the spots on the primaries are sulphur yellow and on the hind wings white. Now that we have also a Californian spei'ies described with all the spots white, our remark as to the correspondence in the color of the spots between the species of Alypia inhabiting the same Fauual District, becomes incorrect.

32

EUDRYAS, Boisduval (183G).

Type : Eutliisanotia uuio, Ilubncr.

breyipeiiiiis, Stretch.

California (Auth. Stretch).

iiuio; Boisduval.

EutJiisanotia xmio, Hiibner. Canada; Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania.

grata, Harris.

Bomhyx grata, Fabricius. Canada ; Vermont ; Massachusetts ; New York.

Subfamily GLAUCOPES {Huhner).

Tribe, HoRAMiNi, Orote.

HORAMA, Hiibner (1816).

Type : Sphinx Pretus, Cramer.

Texanaj Grote.

Horomia plumipes, X Clemens. Texas.

Tribe, Hyalinae {Hiibner').

LAEMOCHARIS, Herrich-SchaefiFer (1850).

Type : Laemocharis Pertyi, Boisduval MS.

Pertyij Herrich-Schaeffer.

Georgia.

COSMOSOMA, Hiibner (1820).

Type : Cosmosoma Omphale, Hiibner. OmpliJile, Hiibner. Georgia ; Alabama ; Florida ; Texas.

SYNTOMEIDA, Harris (1839).

Type : Syntomeida Ipomaeae, Harris.

IpomaeaCj Harris.

Glaucopis Euterpe, ITerrich-ScliaefftT, fig. 4.30.

? Eachromia ferox. Walker. Georgia.

33

Tribe, Ctenucuini, Grote. SCEPSIS, Walker (1854).

Type : Qlaucopis f ulvicollis, Ilubner. fulvicollis, Wctlker.

Qlaucopis fulvicollis, Hiibner. Qlaucopis semidiaphana, Harris. Scepsis Packardii, Grote.^

California ; Maine to Florida.

CTENUCHA, Kirby (1837).

Type : Ctenuclia Latreillana, Kirby. % Ctenuclia. Virginica, Qrote.

Sphinx Virginica, Cliarpentier. Ctenuclia Latreillana, Kirby. Canada ; Maine ; New York (Buffalo).

Cressonana, Qrote. Colorado Territory.

§ Euctenuclia.*

ochroscapus, Qrote and BoUnson.

Ctenuclia cormna, Boisduval. California.

multifaria, Qrote and Robinson.

Apistosia? multifaria. Walker.

Qlaucopis rubroscapus, Men6tries. California.

llobinsonii; Boisduval.

California.

Harrisii, Boisduval.

California.

3 Mr. Stretch considers the Californian S. Packardii, as not specifically distinct from our Eastern S. fulvicollis.

*Gr.: "Ev et Ctenucha. The type of this section is Ctenucha multifaria. For the struc- tural peculiarities of the Californian species, see Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol 1, p. 330.

BUL. BUP. soc. NAT. SCI. (5) MAT, 1873.

bninnea, Stretcli. California.

venosa, Walker. Texas.

34

§ Pliiloros, Walker.

PYGARCTIA, Grote (1871).

Type : Pygarctia abdominalis, Qrotc.

abdoininalisj Grote. Alabama.

Tribe, Variegatae (Rubner). GNOPHAELA, Walker (1854).

Type : Dioptis aequinoctialis, Walker.

vermiculata, Grote and Robinson.

Callalucia vermiculata, Grote. Colorado Territory.

Hopfferij Grote and Robinson. California ; Oregon.

latipennis {Boisduval).

California.

Tribe, Immaculatae {H'ubner).

ACOLOITHUS, Clemens (1860).

Type : Acoloitlius falsarius, Clemens. falsarius, Clemens.

Earrisina Sanborni, Packard. Pennsylvania ; New York ; Illinois.

HARRISINA, Packard (1864).

Type: Procris Americana, Harris. Americana, Packard.

Procris Americana, Harris. Massacliusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

35

Tcxana, Sttrtch.

Texas.

coniciiia, Packard.

Aglaope coracina, Clemens. Texas.

TRirKOCRIS,'* Orote (1873).

Type: Procris? Smitlisonianus, Clemens.

Siuiilisoiiianns.

Procriv ? Smitlisonianus, Clemens. Texas.

Tribe, Pyromorpiiina {Ilerrirh-Schncffcr). PYROMORPHA, Herricli-Schaeffer (1850).

Type : Pyromorplia dimidiata, H.-S.

d i 111 i (I i n t a ; Herrieh-Schaeffer.

Multhaca perlucidula, Clemens. ? LycomorpJia centralis, Walker.

New York ; Pennsylvania ; Illinois.

Tribe, Lycomorphini, Grate.

LYCOMORPHA, Harris (1839).

Type : Sphinx Pliolus, Drury.

PholuS) Harris.

Sphinx Pholus, Drury. Canada ; Maine ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

iniiiiata) Packard.

Southern California.

Paliuerii, Packard.

Arizona.

5 The diagnosis of this ireiuis is given t)y T)r. Clemens, in the Proceedings of the Academy ot Natural Science of Philadelphia for 1860, page 540, under the name " Procris f.'^

36

ANATOLMIS, Packard (1864).

Type : Anatolmis Qrotei, Packard.

Grotei, Packard. Colorado Territory.

Subnimily CYDOSIINAE, Grote.

Tribe, Cydosiini, Orote.

CYDOSIA, Westwood.

Type : Phalaena nobilitella, Cramer.

aurivittaj Orote and Robinson. Texas.

imitella,® Stretch. Texas.

6 On a comparison with Cuban and South American specimens of C. nobilitella, the Texan species is seen to be distinct, as suggested by Mr. Stretch in his coiiscientions work on the Bombycidae and Zygaenidae, page 163. It is, however, not unlikely that the two names here cited refer to a single species.

37

IV. Conclusions drawn from a study of the Genera

Hypena and Herminia

BY AUG. R. GROTE.

I HAVE recently identified M. Guenee's descriptions of North American Deltoids in a series of Papers contained in the Fourth Volume of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society. To the third Paper I have given a list of our species. I have en- deavored to separate as accurately as my ability, and the material as yet placed at my disposal, would allow me, a number of species which might be loosely classed under Schrank's genus Hj-pena.

I have considered Hypena as restricted by Hiibner in 1816. Hiibner cites under this name the European species, Palpalis, Deci- malis, Ohsitalis, and Rostralis. The genus thus corresponds with Lederer's second Group of Hypena, and is typically represented in our Fauna by Hypena Humuli, Harris. In this species the com- pressedly elongated labial palpi extend much beyond the head, and are as long, or nearly as long as the thorax ; the third joint is con- tinuous and shortly scaled. The primary wings are narrow and crambiform, without a lappet at internal angle. Our species are HYPEifA EVANiDALis, RoUiisou, and Hypena Humuli, Harris, from the Eastern and Middle States, and Hypena citata, Grote, from Alabama.

I would follow this genus by our common species from the At- lantic District, the Hyhlaea scahra of Fabricius, in which the still narrow wings swell suddenly at outer third, and are developed at internal angle somewhat as in Pseudothyatira, Plusia or even Con- chylis, and have a sinuate internal margin. The third joint of the palpi is neither so shortly scaled, so continuous, nor so long as in Hypena. An exceedingly valuable communication made to me by Mr. Lintner discovers the fact that M. Guenee's Hypena erectaJis is the female form of this species. There is then a sexual character

38

in the breadth of the hind wings, which are dis2:>roportionately am- ple in the male. I propose for the species the name Plathypena' SCABRA. Lederer agrees with Hiibner in a generic separation of the European crassalis, under the name Bomolocha. In this genus the costal edge is arcuate or even, much as in Plathypena, but the inter- nal margin of the primaries is straight. Through the kindness of Mr^ Lintner, Mr. Meske sends me a specimen taken near Albany, which seems to be the European crassalis, and differs from BaUimoralis in the absence of the peculiar neck-like constriction of the median sj^ace inferiorly. Our congeneric species are: Bomolocha Balti- MORALis (Guenee), Bomolocha abalieitalis (Walker), Bomolocha MAJ^ALis (Walker), Bomolocha bijugalis (Walker), and Bomolo- cha madefactalis (Guenee). Differing from this genus by the sinuate or depressed costal margin of the primaries, which are acute at the apices and produced on external margin opposite the middle, as well as by the more ample concolorous wings, woolly body scales and stouter build, we have two species from the Atlantic District which I separate from the foregoing under the name Mac- RHYPENA.* The type is Hypena deceptalis, Walker. Our species are Macrhypexa deceptalis, and Macrhypena profecta (Grote). We may follow these by Lomanaltes laetulus, Grote, which dif- fers by the oblique external margin of the primaries and essentially in their shape.

Two species from the Atlantic District are conspicuous by their even shape and dead black color, hardly relieved by pale scale marks. All the angles of the primaries are softened ; the wings are shorter and broader ; the eyes larger ; the whole appearance more noctui- form. I have described these under Hypena. They appear to me most nearly related to Bomolocha, but the palpi are very short. They may be known as Euhypena^ TOREUTA(Grote), and Euhypena SORDIDULA (Grote).

Latrielle seems at first to have used his term Ilerminia in a syn- onymous sense with Hypena, or indeed as embracing the Avhole Group of Deltoids. Treitschke limits it to a number of European species among which is the European Fyralis tentacularis, Lin- naeus. Hiibner and Stephens have accepted many genera for

'Qr.: 7r^(i-('r et Hypena. '^Qr.: fihhpdc et Hypena. ^Or.: "Ev et Hypena.

39

Treitschke's species of Herminia. It seems to me we may do jus- tice to all their observations and restrict Herminia to a genus of which Herminia tentacularis would be the type. Schrank's term, Polypogon, it must be remembered, is preoccupied and must be aban- doned. Hiibner's term, Paracolax, is restricted by Stephens to the European derivalis, nemoralis and tarsicrinalis. Stephens' restric- tion of Macrocliilo, Hubner, to the European crihralis, should appar- ently be followed. For our species, that appear to me congeneric with the European included by Lederer in his Group A of Zanclog- natha, I use this term. There is an agreement in the curvature of the second palpal joint, the fore tibiae are provided with a fan-shaped brush capable of expansion, the species are rather heavy and the pri- maries seem narrow with straighter external margin than usual. Our North American species are Zanclognatha laevigata (Grote), ZANCLOGisrATHA CRURALis (Guenee), Zanclognatha marcidil- INEA (Grote), Za]S"CLOGN"Atha obscuripennis (Grote), and Zax- CLOGNATHA ocHREiPENNis (Grote). For Guenee's Herminia mor- bidalis, I propose the term Chytolita,'' Chytolita morbidalis (Guenee), difiFers from Zancloguatha in the straight second palpal joint, and from Pechipogon in the shape of the wings and neura- tion as indicated by Guenee. It was a common species about Phil- adelphia and has been reported to me by Mr. J. A. Lintner as taken near Albany. It is easily recognized by the guttate subterminal line.

Eather resembling Chytolita in general appearance, but in reality nearer to Zancloguatha in the shape of the second palpal joint, is Herminia 2)edipilkd is Guenee, for which I propose the generic term PiTYOLiTA." As to how far this may be found to agree with any of the European species contained in Lederer's second Group of Zan- cloguatha, I am not clear, but in the incomplete brush on tlie fore tibiae, the frailer form and broader wings, it is easily separated from our species that I have arranged under Lederer's genus. There remains but to be noticed two species already described by myself under the name Philometra, and which, in some respects, have a resemblance to the European Hermiuia tentacularis. These two species just alluded to as under Philometra, agree remarkably in

^Gr.: x'^'^^ 6t /.iToc. *Qr.: mrvu et lirog.

40

most of tlie structural cliaracters I liave been able to discover, but diflfer iii the comparative length of the pectinations of the antennae. The species are Philometra longilabris, Grote, and Philometra SERRATicoRNis, Gfote. I designate the former as the type of the genus. At the moment I prefer to separate the genera I have here discussed on other than antennal peculiarities.

I have received from Mr. Lintner some very curious examples of Zanclognatha laevigata, showing the excessive variability of this species. Sometimes the median space is dark, bronzed or purpled, sometimes clear when the base of the wing and the hind region are obscurely tinted. I have indicated the existence of these variational tendencies in my original description of the species which was made from large material.

41

V. Descriptions of New Species of Fungi

15Y CIIAS. II. PECK. [liead before this Society June Gth, 1873.J

HYMENOMYCETES.

Agaricns (Amanita) rnssuloides; Peck.

Pileus at first o%'ate, then expanded or convex, rougli witli a few superficial warts or entirely smooth, viscid when moist, widely striate-tuberculate on the margin, pale yellow or straw color ; lamellae close, free, narrowed toward the stem, white ; stem firm, smooth, stuffed, annulate, equal or slightly tapering upward, bulbous ; annulus thin, soon vanishing; volva fragile, subappressed ; spores broadly elliptical, .0004* long, .0003' broad.

Plant 3'-3' high, pileus 1.5-3' broad, stem 3"f-5" thick.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbusli, June. This species is remarktible for the thin striate-tuberculate margin of the pileus Avhicli causes it to resemble some species of Kussula.

Agaricus (Lepiota) fuscosquameusj Peck.

Pileus hemispherical or convex, rough with numerous erect pointed black- ish-brown scales ; lamellae close, white, free ; stem equal, thickened at the base, hollow or stuffed with a cottony pith, floccose, brown ; spores .0003' x .00014'.

Plant 3'-3' high, pileus 1.5'-3' broad, stem 3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Agaricus (Lepiota) oblitus, Perk.

Pileus convex or expanded, subumbonate, smooth or ol)scurely squaraose from the breaking up of the veil, viscid, alutaceous inclining to tawny, the umbo generally darker ; lamellae crowded, free, whitish or yellowish, some of

*0ne accent (') = inch or inches. tTwo accents (") = line or lines.

BUL. BUF. 80C. NaT. SCI. (6) JULY, 1873.

42

them forked ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, floccose, viscid, smooth at the top, hollow or containing a cottony pith ; annulus obsolete ; spores .00016' X .00013'.

Plant 3'-3' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 3" thick.

Ground in frondose Avoods. Lowville. Septembei'.

Agaricus (Armillaria) pouderosns, Peck.

Pileus thick, compact, convex or subcampanulate, smooth, white or yellow- ish, the naked margin strongly involute beneath the slightly viscid persistent veil ; lamellae crowded, narrow, slightly emarginate, white inclining to cream color ; stem stout, subequal, firm, solid, coated by the veil, colored like the pileus, white and furfuraceus above the annulus ; flesh white ; spores nearly globose, .00016' in diameter.

Plant 4'-6' high, pileus 4'-6' broad, stem about 1' thick.

Ground in woods. Copake. October.

The veil for a long time conceals the lamellae and finally becomes lacerated and adheres in shreds or fragments to the stem and margin of the pileus.

Agaricus (Triclioloma) ruljicuntlus. Peck.

Pileus convex, then expanded or centrally depressed, viscid, slightly tomen- tose on the margin when young, smooth, or sometimes with a few scales either on the disk or on the margin, red ; lamellae close, white, becoming spotted with red, some of them forked ; stem firm, equal, solid, slightly pruinose, white, often stained with red ; spores .00038' x .00016'.

Plant 3'-5' high, pileus 8'-5' broad, stem 6"-8" thick.

Ground in woods. New Scotland. October.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) flayescens, Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, often irregular, dry, smooth, sometimes cracking on the disk into minute scales, white or pale yellow, minutely tomentose on the margin when young ; lamellae close, floccose on the edge, white or pale yellow ; Btem firm, solid, often unequal, central or eccentric, colored like the pileus ; spores subglobose, .0003' in diameter.

Plant caespitose, 2'-3' high, pileus 3'-3' broad, stem 4"-6" thick.

Old pine stumps. Bethlehem and North Greenbush. October.

Agaricus (Triclioloma) decorosus, Peck.

Pileus firm, at first hemispherical, then convex or expanded, coated with numerous brownish subsquarrose tomentose scales, dull ochraceous or tawny ; lamellae close, rounded and slightly emarginate at the inner extremity, the

4;^

edge Bubcrcnulate ; stem solid, equal or sliyhtly tapering upward, white and smooth at the top, elsewhere tomentose, scaly and colored like the pileus ; spores broadly elliptical, .0002' x .00015'. Plant subcaespitose, 3'-4' high, pileus l'-3' broad, stem 2"-4" thick.

Rotteu logs ill woods. Cutskill Mountains and Rock City. Sep- tember and October.

Ajjaricus (Triclioloma) multiiuiuctus, Peck.

Pileus brittle, broadly convex, sometimes centrally depressed or subumbili- cate, densely dotted with minute brown or blackish scales, yellowish-brown, the disk often darker ; lamellae close, slightly emarginate, yellow, sometimes with a darker edge ; stem subequal, squamulose-punctate, hollow, colored like the pileus ; spores suborbicular, .OOOIG' in diameter.

Plant subcaespitose, l'-2' high, pileus l'-2' broad, stem 2'-4" thick.

Rotten logs in woods. Sandlake and Adirondack Mountains. July and August.

This species is related to Ag. rutilans,

Agaricus (Tricholoma) lacuiiosus, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, dry, lacunose, densely furfuraceous, bright

golden yellow ; lamellae subdistaut, white, the interspaces sometimes veiny ;

stem firm, solid, equal or slightly tapering downwards, scaly or furfuraceous,

colored like the pileus.

Plant l'-2' high, pileus 1' broad, stem 1" thicks- Fallen branches and decaying wood. Savannah. August. The colors are Avell retained in the dried specimens. The lacunae

of the pileus give it a somewhat reticulated appearance.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) laterarius, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, sometimes slightly depressed in the center, pruinose, whitish, the disk often tinged with red or brown, the thin margin marked with slight subdistant short radiating ridges ; lamellae narrow, crowded, white, prolonged in little decurrent lines on the stem ; stem nearly equal, solid, white ; spores globose, .00018' in diameter.

Plant 3'-4' high, pileus 2'-4' broad, stem 3"-5" thick.

Ground in woods. Worcester. July.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) Limonium, Peck.

Pileus thin, sniootli, ycllowi.sh ; lamellae crowded, narrow, not forming decurrent lines on the stem, lemon-yellow ; stem tapering dowiiwanis, smooth, striate, rooting.

IMant ;j'-4' high, pileus 2-3' broad, stem 3"-l' thick.

44

Ground iu woods. Worcester and Croghan. July and Septem- ber.

The lemon color of the lamellae and the root-like prolongation of the stem characterize this species.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) Tirescens, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, sometimes depressed centrally, moist, smooth, dingy-green, the margin sometimes wavy or lobed ; lamellae close, gradually narrowed toward the outer extremity, rounded or slightly emarginate at the inner, white ; stem subequal, stuffed or hollow, thick but brittle, whitish, sometimes tinged with green ; spores broadly elliptical, .0002' x .00015'.

Plant 3'-5' high, pileus 3'-5' broad, stem 6"-12" thick.

Mossy ground in open woods. North Elba. July.

Agraricus (Tricholoma) fumidellus, Peck.

Pileus subumbonate, smooth, moist, dingy-white or clay colored, clouded with brown ; lamellae close, subventricose, whitish ; stem equal, smooth, solid, whitish; spores, .00018' x .00015'.

Plant 3'-3' high, pileus l'-3' broad, stem 3"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. New Scotland. October. The disk is generally darker than the margin. TJie pileus be- comes paler in drying. The stem splits easily.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) fallax, Peck.

Pileus firm, convex or expanded, rarely depressed in the center, moist, smooth, dull saffron color ; lamellae crowded, narrow, tapering toward the outer extremity, rounded at the inner, yellow; stem short, smooth, stuffed or hollow, usually tapering toward the base, colored like the pileus ; spores mi- nute, Bubelliptical, .00012' long.

Plant gregarious, l'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-15" broad, stem 1" thick.

Ground under spruce and balsam trees. North Elba. July.

Agaricus (Tricholoma) thujinus, Peck.

Pileus convex or centrally depressed, smooth, hygrophanous, pale alutace- ous, the margin generally irregular, wavy or lobed ; lamellae crowded, thin, abruptly emarginate, alutaceous ; stem slightly thickened at the top, smooth, hollow, concolorous, whitish-villous at the base.

Plant 2' high, pileus 2' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Swampy ground under Thvja occidcntaJis. Memphis. August.

45

Acrrti'U'ns (Tricholomiv) Ilclx'Ioinn; Peck.

Pileus broadly conical or subcampanulate, obtiiso, thin, ]iygro])liannuH, striatulato brown and dark on the disk when moist, grayish when dry ; himcllac broad, rounded behind and deeply emargiuate, yellowish ; stem equal, hollow, smooth, pallid ; spores .00028' x .00016'.

Plant 1' high, pileus 6" broad, stem scarcely 1" thick.

Ground in woods. Worcester. July.

This plant closely resembles some species of the subgenus Heb- eloma, but the color of its spores forbid its reference to that sub- genus.

Agaricus (Clitoej be) coniiexus. Peck.

Pileus thin, subumbonate, clothed with a minute appressed silkiness, white, the margin sometimes faintly tinged with blue; lamellae crowded, narrow, white inclining to yellowish ; stem equal or tapering downwards, solid, whitish.

Plant 3'-3' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 2" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

The lamellae are not strongly decurrent and sometimes terminate abruptly, hence it might easily be mistaken for a Tricholoma. The margin of the pileus is sometimes marked with slight ridges as in Ay. latcrarius. The odor is weak but aromatic and agreeable.

Agaricns (Clltocybe) albissinius, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, dry, smooth, soft, pure white ; lamellae crowded, short-decurrent, white, some of them forked at the base ; stem equal, smooth, solid, white.

Plant growing in rings, 2'-3' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

The pure white color and soft texture is retained in the dried specimens.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) maenlosns, Peck.

Pileus centrally depressed, smooth, marked with numerous watery s}>ots when moist, having slight short radiating ridges on the margin; lamellae crowded, narrow, long-decurreut, pallid or yellowish, some of them forked ; stem slightly thickened at the base, smooth, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 1.5'-2' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

The spots of the pileus resemble those of Aff. warmorctis. They generally disappear as the plant Itocomes dry.

46

Agaricus (Clitocybe) Truucicola, Peck.

Pileus tliin, firm, expanded or centrally depressed, smooth, dry, wliite ; lamellae narrow, thin, crowded, adnate-decurrent ; stem equal, stuffed, smooth, often eccentric and curved, whitish.

Plant 1' high, pileus 1' broad, stem 1" thick.

Trunks of froudose trees, especially maples. Croghan. Sep- tember,

Agaricus (Clitocybe) subzonalis^ Peck.

Pileus thin, centrally depressed or subinfundibuliform, marked with two or three obscure zones, with a slight appressed silkiness, pale yellow ; lamellae close, narrow, equally decurrent, some of them forked, pallid or yellowish ; stem equal, slightly fibrillose, stuffed, pale yellow.

Plant 2' high, pileus 3'-3' broad, stem 3"-4" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) Gerardiaiius, Peck.

Pileus thin, funnel-form, hygrophanous, striatulate when moist, brown, rough with scattered blackish points ; lamellae decurrent, close, a little paler than the pileus, some of them forked ; stem rather long, flexuous, smooth, stuffed, concolorous, white at the base.

Plant 2-3' high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem .5"-!" thick.

Sphagnous marshes. Saudlake and New Paltz. June.

Agaricus (Collybia) coloreusj Peck.

Pileus convex, subumblicate, slightly fibrillose, hygrophanous, yellow, sometimes tinged with red, the margin exceeding the lamellae ; lamellae mod- erately close, emarginate, yellow ; stem equal, smooth, hollow, sometimes eccentric, yellow.

Plant l'-2' high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem 1" thick.

Decajdng wood. Croghan. September.

Agaricus (Collybia) succosus, Peck.

Pileus firm, convex or campanulate, minutely tomentose, cinereous or brown- ish-gray, the margin generally exceeding the lamellae ; lamellae thin, close, emarginate and slightly decurrent-toothed, tapering toward the outer ex- tremity, whitish ; stem firm, equal or slightly tapering upward, minutely tomentose, containing a whitish pith ; spores minute, subgloboae, .00015' in diameter ; llesh subcartilaginous, abounding in a thin watery or serum-like juice, changing to purplish or black when cut.

Plant l'-3' high, pilous 6"-12" broad, stem 1' thick.

47

Decaying prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Portville and Croglian. September.

This is a very remarkable and somewhat aberrant species. In color it resembles dark forms of Heydmim gelatinosum. The stem is sometimes eccentric. The jnice exudes from wounds as in species of Ladarius.

Agaricus (Collybia) mj riadophj llus, Peck.

Pileus very thin, })roadly convex, then expanded, sometimes umhilicate, hygroyhanoua, watery-brown when moist, pale ochraceous or alutaceous when dry ; lamellae very numerous, crowded, narrow, rounded at the stem and slightly emarginate, brownish-lilac ; stem equal, smooth, stuffed, reddish-brown ; spores subelliptical, minute, .00012' long.

Plant subcaespitose, 1-1.5' high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem .5" thick.

Decaying wood and fallen branches in woods. Portville. Sep- tember. The color of the lamellae is remarkable.

Ai^aricus (Mycena) suljcaeruleus, Peck.

Pileus very thin, convex or campanulate, obtuse, smooth, striate, pale bluish- green ; lamellae narrow, close, tapering outwardly, white ; stem slender, equal, pinkish-white, slightly pruinose ; spores subglobose, .00025' in diameter.

Plant caespitose, 2' high, pileus 4"-8" broad.

Trunks of beech trees in woods. Adirondack Mountains. July. The disk is more highly colored than the margin and the pileus has a separable cuticle.

Agaricus (Mycena) minutnlns, Peck.

Pileus convex or campanulate, smooth, striatulate, papillate ; lamellae broad, subdistant, with a slight decurrent tooth ; interspaces reticulated by transverse veinlets which descend on the lamellae ; stem short, slender, firm, smooth or sprinkled with minute mealy particles.

Plant gregarious, white throughout, 8"-12" high, pileus 2"-4" broad.

Bark of prostrate trunks iu woods. Portville. September.

Agaricus (Mycena) roscocaudidiis^ Peck.

Pileus convex or broadly campanulate, subpapillate, striate nearly to the apex, white or rosy-red ; lamellae close, uncinate, colored like the pileus ; stem slender, smooth, white.

Plant 2 high, pileus 4"-G ' broad.

48

Among mosses in woods. Adirondack Mountains. July.

Usually the whole plant is pure white, but sometimes the pileus has a delicate rosy hue except on the apex and the margin. The striations of the pileus remain in the dried specimens. The papilla is sometimes very prominent, sometimes wanting.

Agaricus (Myceua) miratuS; Peck.

Pileus thin, campanulate, umbilicate, sraootli, striate, cinereous ; lamellae narrow, slightly uncinate, whitish; stem long, filiform, smooth, whitish, radicating, villous at the base.

Plant 1.5'-3' high, pileus o"-4" broad.

Among fallen leaves in copses. Center. October. This species may be known by the umbilicate pileus and the long striae which extend to the umbilicus.

Agaricus (Omplialia) olivariusj Peck.

Pileus convex, umbilicate, smooth, yellowish-olive ; lamellae arcuate, decur- rent, subdistant, pale yellow ; stem equal, short, smooth, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .00026' long.

Plant 1-1.5' high, pileus 1' broad, stem 1" thick.

Burnt ground under balsam trees. North Elba. July.

Agaricus (Omplialia) rugosodiscusj Peck.

Pileus thin, convex, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, striatulate when moist, brown, rugose-wrinkled on the disk, the thin margin often wavy ; lam- ellae narrow, close, arcuate, decurrent, white; stem equal, short, smooth, hollow, often curved, whitish.

Plant l'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem .5" thick.

Decaying prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Croghan and Wor- cester. July and September.

Agaricus (Pluteus) slerilomarginatusj Peck.

Pileus broadly convex or expanded, with a slight appressed tomentum, white faintly tinged with pink, the thin margin exceeding the lamellae ; lamellae close, subventricose, free, minutely eroded on the edge, pale flesh color; stem short, equal, solid, smooth, whitish ; spores subglobose, angular, with a central nucleus, .00025' in diameter.

Plant 1' high, pileus 6"-13" broad, stem .5" thick.

Decaying woods and sticks in woods. Portville. Sci)tember. The pileus is sometimes cracked and then has the appearance of being coated with a thin scaly paste.

49

Agraricus (Plutous) granularis, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, subumbonate, rugose-wrinkled, Bprinklod with minute blackish granules, varying in color from yellow to brown; lamellae rather broad, close, veutricose, free, whitish, then flesh-colored; stem equal, Bolid, pallid or brown, usually paler at the top, velvety, with a short close plush ; spores subglobose, about .0003' in diameter.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus l'-3' broad, stem l''-3" thick.

Old logs in woods. Pine Hill and Worcester. July. The granules form a sort of plnsli which is more dense on flie disk of the pileus and its wrinkles than on the margin.

Agaricus (Entoloma) cyaneus, Peclc.

Pileus convex, dry, minutely scaly, brown or brownlsh-violaceus ; lamelhio whitish, then tinged with flesh color ; stem subequal, hollow, scaly and viola- ceous toward the top ; spores angular, .00033' x 00025'.

Plant 2' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem 1" thick.

Decaying wood and old mossy trunks in woods. Pine Hill and Worcester. June and July.

Agaricus (Leptouia) folioinarg'inatus, Peck.

Pileus convex, umbilicate, scabrous on tlie disk, bluish-brown, the disk a little darker; lamellae broad, subdistant, plane, whitish, then flesh-colored, the edge entire and colored like the pileus ; stem smooth, equal, solid below, with a small cavity above, concolorous.

Plant l'-2' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem .5" thick.

Ground and decaying wood in groves. Maryland. July.

Agaricus (Nolanea) fuscofolius. Peck.

Pileus thin, conical or campanulate, papillate, smooth, hygrophanous, dark brown and striatulate when moist, grayish-brown and shining when dry ; lamellae ascending, narrowed toward each end, brown ; stem equal, stutFod, smooth, concolorous, with a white mycelium at the base ; spores irregular, nucleate, .00033' x .00025'.

Plant 1' liigh, pileus 3"-6" broad, stem 5" thick. In woods on old logs. Maryland. July.

Agaricus (Pholiota) albocrenulatus, Peck.

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or campanulate, subumbonate, viscid, rough with dark-brown or blackish floccose scales, yellowish-brown ; lamellae broad, sub- distant, emarginate, white crenulate on the edge, grayish, then ferruginous ;

uri,. BUK. SOC. NAT. SCI. (7) .IfLT, 1873.

50

stem firm, equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, equamose and pallid below the evanescent ring, white and slightly f urf uraceous above ; spores subelliptical, .00045' x .00025'.

Plant 3'-5' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 3"-5" thick.

Mossy base of maple trees in woods. Adirondack JMonntains. Jnly and August.

Under a lens the lamellae appear to be beaded on the edge with minute milky globules.

Agaricns (Plioliota) Acericola, 'PecA;.

Pileus broadly convex, glabrous, rugose-reticulated or corrugated, hygto- phanous, yellow ; lamellae close, emarginate, grayish, then ferruginous- brown ; stem equal or thickened at the base, hollow, fibrillose-striate, white ; annulus large ; spores elliptical, .00035' x .00025'.

Plant 3'-4' high, pileus 3'-3' broad, stem 3"-5" thick. '

Mossy trunks of maple trees in woods. North Elba. August.

Agaricus (Pholiota) discolor, Pech.

Pileus thin, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed, smooth, viscid hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon and striatulate on the margin when moist, bright ochraceous yellow when dry ; lamellae close, narrow, pallid, then pale ferruginous ; stem equal, hollow, fibrillose-striate, pallid ; annulus distinct, persistent ; spores elliptical, .00028' x .0002'.

Plant subcaespitose, 2'-3' high, pileus 8 "-16" broad, stem 1" thick.

Old logs in woods. Greig. September.

The change in color when passing from the moist to the dry state is very marked.

Agaricus (Pholiota) cerasiims, Peck.

Pileus broadly convex, smooth, hygrophanus, watery-cinnamon when moist; yellow when dry ; lamellae close, emarginate, yellow, then cinnamon color ; stem solid, equal, often curved, furfuraceous at the top ; annulus slight, fuga- cious ; flesh yellow ; spores elliptical, rough, .0003' x .0002'.

Plant caespitose, 2'-4' high, pileus 2'-4' broad, stem 2'-4' thick.

Old prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Sterling. August. When fresh it has a strong cherry-like or amygdalinc odor.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) pallidomarginatus, Peck.

Pileus brittle, broadly convex, sometimes irregular, smooth, hygrophanous, brown with a pale margin when moist, ochraceous and subatomaceous when dry ; lamellae close, thin, rounded and slightly emarginate at the stem, taper-

51

ing outwardly, ocliraceouB-brown ; Btem usually long andfloxuous; equal or tapering upward, hollow, a little paler than the pilcua, white-lloccoso at the base ; spores subolliptical, .0004' x .0003'. Plant gregarious l'-3' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem 1" thick.

Ground in swamps and wet places. Suudlake. September.

Afjaricus (Hebeloma) stcllatosporus, Peck.

Pileus convex, dry, rough with numerous squarrose or erect scales, brown ; lamellae pallid becoming brown ; stem equal, scaly, concolorous ; spores subglobose, rough with little nodules, .0003' in diameter.

Plant 2' high, pileus 1' broad, stem 1" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

This plant bears a close resemblance to Ag. mutatus, but the persistent scales and rough spores distinguish it.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) griseoscabrosusj Peck.

Pileus hemispherical or convex, dry, rough with scales and appressed fibres, cinereous, the margin whitish when young ; lamellae close, broad, whitish, then ochraceous-browu ; stem firm, solid, fibrillose or slightly scaly, subconcol- orous; spores smooth, .00035' x .0003'.

Plant gregarious, 1.5'-3' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem 1"-1.5" thick.

Ground in open pine Avoods. Bethlehem. October.

Agaricus (Naucoria) bellulusj Peck. }

Pileus thin, convex, moist, smooth, bright watery-cinnamon ; lamellae crowded, narrow, emarginate, yellow, becoming darker with age ■ stem equal, hollow, often curved, smooth, reddish-brown ; spores, .0002' x .00014".

Plant 1' high, pileus 6"-12" broad.

Decaying hemlock trunks in woods. Lowville and Sandlake. September.

It is sometimes caespitose. It is difficult to find a mature speci- men of this plant in which the lamellae have not a stained or spotted appearance as if bitten by some small insect.

Agaricus (Naucoria) gcminellus, Peck.

Pileus convex, even, firm, dry, yellowish-redj the margin paler ; lamellae crowded, emarginate, pale yellow ; stem equal, smooth, containing a white pith or a small cavity, colored like the pileus ; flesh white ; spores .00033' x

0002'.

Kotten wood. Croghan. Soptcniber.

52

The dimensions and habit are the same as in the last sjiecies, to which this is clearly related. Its lamellae also have the same peculiar appearance.

Agaricus (Naucoria) discomorbidus^ Pe^k.

Pileus tliin, convex or expanded, smooth, slightly viscid, reddish-brown or dull chestnut ; lamellae narrow, crowded, minutely serrulate, white or pallid, then brownish ; stem equal, stuflfed, smooth, slightly mealy at the top, white ; tlesh white ; spores nucleate, .0004' x .00025'.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 1-1.5' broad, stem l"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan and Copake. September and Octo- ber.

In the dried specimens the disk has a dark discolored appearance as if beginning to decay.

Agaricus (Galera) expansus, Peck.

Pileus Bubmembranaceous, expanded or depressed, viscid, plicate striate on the margin, brownish-ochre, sometimes tinged with yellow and pink hues ; lamellae close, ferruginous ; stem long, equal, hollow, slightly pruinose, faintly striate, yellow ; spores .00045' x .00028'.

Plant 3'-4' high, pileus 1' broad, stem 1" thick.

Decaying wood. Sandlake and Memphis. August.

Agaricus (Galera) callistus, Peck.

Pileua thin, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid, striatulate on the mar- gin, olivaceous or ochraceous, the umbo or disk bright chestnut color ; lamel- lae thin, close, ventricose, easily separating from the stem, yellowish, becoming bright ferruginous ; stem equal, hollow, pruinose, yellow, spores .00035' x .0002'.

Plant l'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem .5" thick.

Exsiccated water-holes in wooded swamps. Croghan. September. In the dried specimens the lamellae are white on the edge and tlie pileus has assumed a dull metallic green color.

Agaricus (Galera) Coprinoides, Peck.

Pileus membranaceous, soon expanded, often split on the margin, plicate- Bulcate to the small even disk, yellowish inclining to ochre; lamellae close, slightly rounded behind, concolorous; stem equal, short, hollow, minutely hairy-pruinose, white ; spores .00028' x .0002'.

Plant 1' high, pileus C broad, stem .5' thick.

Grassy ground. Sterling. August.

The appearance of the pileus is suggestive of some of the smaller Coprini.

53

Agjiricns (Crepidotus) Horlmriini) Peck.

Pileus thin, at first resupinate, with the margin incurved, clothed with white down, at length somewhat retiexed,less downy, the margin spreading ; lamellae narrow, not crowded, diverging from a naked lateral or eccentric point, white, then tawny ; spores slightly curved, .00038' x .00014'.

Pileua2"-4" broad.

Dead stems of herbs. North Greenbush. October.

Ag.iricus (PsalliotJi) diminutivus^ Peck.

Pileus expanded or centrally depressed, sometimes with a slight umbo, dry, alutaceous, the disk rosy-brown and spotted with small appressed silky scales ; lamellae close, thin, free, ventricose, brownish-pink, becoming black ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow or stuffed with a whitish pith, smooth, pallid.; annulus thin, persistent, white; spores .0003' x .00015'.

Plant 1.5'-3' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem l''-2" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Sometimes the whole pileus is reddish-brown. The flesh is quite brittle.

Agaricus (Stropharia) Howeauus, Peck.

Pileus convex, then expanded, fragile, smooth, subumbonate, yellowish ; lamellae close, thin, rounded behind, eroded on the edge, whitish becoming ferruginous-brown ; stem smooth, hollow, slightly thickened at the base ; annulus thin, fugacious, sometimes adhering to the margin of the pileus ; flesh white ; spores .00033' x .0003'.

Plant 3 '-4' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 2"-4" thick.

Center. June.

The surface of the pileus sometimes cracks into areas. The taste is bitter. The color of the spores is not a decided brown, and the plant might with almost equal propriety be refej-red to the subgenus Pholiota.

Agaricus (Hyplioloma) hirtosqnamulosns, Peck.

Pileus hairy-squamulose, hygrophanous, grayish-brown when moist, gray when dry ; lamellae narrow, rounded at the stem, gray, then brown ; stem short, firm, equal, hollow, slightly hairy-squamulose and colored like the pileus ; spores subelliptical, nucleate, .00035' long.

Plant 1' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem .5" thick.

Prostrate trunks of maple trees in woods. Portville. September.

54

Agaricns (Hypholoma) pliyllogeuusj Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, sometimes slightly umbonate, liygrophanus, reddisli- brovvn when moist, alutaceous when dry ; lamellae plane, broad, close, brown, white on the edge ; stem equal, fibrillose, stuffed or hollow, expanded at the base into a thin flat disk ; spores pale-brown, subglobose, .0002' in diameter.

Plant 8"-12" high, pileus 2"-4" broad, stem ,5" thick.

Fallen leaves in woods. Worcester. July.

This is a very small but distinct species, remarkable for the disk- like base of the stem by which it is attached to the leaves on which it grows.

Copriiuis variegatus, Peck.

Pileus fleshy, fragile, oblong-ovate, then campanulate, obtuse, hygrophanous, pale watery-brown when moist, whitish or cream colored when dry, variegated by scales and patches of a superficial ochraceous tomentum, the margin finely striate ; lamellae lanceolate, crowded, ascending, free, white, then rosy-brown, finally black ; stem equal, brittle, hollow, white, at first peronate-annulate, then floccose-pruinose, with white branching root-like threads at the base ; spores .00033' long.

Plant densely caespitose, 3'-5' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem 2"-4" thick.

Thin soil and decaying leaves covering rocks. Slope of Crows' Nest near "West Point. June.

Allied to C. atrcvmentarnis. When young the whole plant is coated by an abundant superficial tomentum. This soon breaks up into loose scales or patches which peel off in flakes, revealing the smooth pileus beneath. The slight abrupt aniiulus soon vanishes.

Copriuus insignisj Peck.

Pileus campanulate, thin, sulcate-striate to the disk, grayish fawn-color, the smooth disk sometimes cracking into small areas or scales ; lamellae ascend- ing, crowded ; stem hollow, slightly fibrillose, striate, white ; spores rough, .0004' X. 00028'.

Plant 4'-5' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 3" thick.

About the roots of trees in woods. Worcester. July.

Copriniis angulatiis, Peck.

Pileus thin, hemispherical or convex, i)licate sulcate, the disk smooth ; lam- ellae Bubdistant, whitish, then black ; stem equal, smooth, wliitish ; spores compressed, angular, subovate, .0004' x .00033'.

IMant l'-2' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem .5" thick.

A¥oods. Croghan. September.

The specific name has reference to the angular character of the spores.

Cortinarins (Myxaciuin) sphacrosporus, /VcA.

Pilous convex, pinooth, very viscid, pale ocliraceous ; lamollao closo, nearly plane, slightly emargiuate, whitish, then cinnamon ; stem tapering upward, solid, fioccoae, viscid, subconcolorous, white at the top ; flesh white ; spores nearly globose, about .0003' in dameter.

Plant 2'-4' high, i)ileus 2'-3' broad, stem 3"-5" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Cortiiiarius (PIilcj?iiiaciuiu) loii|?ipes, Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, slightly fibrillose, viscid, yellowish or pale ocliraceous ; lamellae close, plane, brownish-olivaceous, then cinnamon ; stem long, slightly fibrillose, tapering upwards, whitish.

Plant 6' high, pileus 3-3' broad, stem 4" thick.

Ground in woods. Croglian. September.

Cortiiiarius (Inoloma) lilaciuus. Peck.

Pileus firm, hemispherical, then convex, minutely silky, lilac ; lamellae close, lilac, then cinnamon ; stem stout, bulbous, silky fibrillose, solid, whit- i.sh tinged with lilac; spores nucleate, .0004' x .00025'.

Plant 4'-5' high, pileus 3' broad, stem 4"-6" thick.

Low mossy ground in woods. Croghan. September.

Cortiiiarius (luloma) Clintonianus, Peck.

Pileus -convex or expanded, with a few appressed silky fibrils, reddish- brown tinged with gray ; lamellae close, dull violaceous, then cinnamon ; stem solid, silky-fibrillose, tapering upwards, violaceous at the top ; spores .0003' X .00025'.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus l'-3' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. Croghan and New Scotland. September.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) luodestus. Peck.

Pileus convex or expanded, subfibrillose, even or slightly rugose-wrinkled, alutaceous ; lamellae close, nearly plane, pallid, then cinnamon ; stem bul- bous, subfibrillose, hollow or with a white pith, concolorous ; flesh white ; spores .00033' x .00025'.

Plant 2' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem 2" thick.

Ground in w'oods. Croglian. September.

It is distinguished from the preceding species by its paler color, more bulbous stem, and the entire absence of violaceous hues in the lamellae.

56

Cortinarius (Telamonia) lignarius, Peck.

Pileus smootli, liygrophauous, dark watery cinnamon wlicn moist, paler when dry; lamellae close, tliin, concolorous, when young concealed by the copious white webby veil ; stem equal, silky-fibrillose, hollow or with a whitish pith, subannulate, with a dense white mycelium at the base ; spores .00028' X .0003'

Plant subcaespitosc, l'-3' high, pileus 8"-12" broad, stem 1" thick.

Eotten wood. Catskill mountains. June.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) nigrellus, Peck.

Pileus at first conical, then convex or expanded, obtuse or subumbonate, minutely silky, hygrophanous, blackish chestnut when moist, paler when dry ; lamellae close, narrow, emarginate, brownish-ochre, then cinnamon ; stem subequal, silky fibrillose, pallid, often flexuous ; annulus slight, evan- escent ; spores .00038' x 00016'.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus l'-3' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Mossy ground in woods. New Scotland. October.

When moist the pilens has the color of boiled chestnuts, Avhen dry, of fresh ones. The incurved margin of the young pileus is whitened by the veil. The lamellae are darkest when young.

Cortinarins (Hey^rocybe) pulcher, Peck.

Pileus conical, then broadly convex, umbonate, often irregular, hygropha- nous, ochraceous, shining and sometimes striatulate when moist, pale ochra- ceous when dry ; lamellae subdistant, broad, emarginate, uneven on the edge, ochraceous, stem equal, solid, Bubflexuous, silky-fibrillose, whitish or pale ochraceous ; spores .00033' x .0003'.

Plant gregarious, 3' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem l"-3" thick.

Ground in woods. New Scotland. October.

Paxillus strigosusj Peck.

Pileus dry, convex or expanded, brittle, strigose with scattered stifiF hairs, whitish ; lamellae close, narrow, subdecurrent, whitish, then pale cinnamon color, some of them forked; stem equal, solid, pruinose, concolorous ; spores brownish-ochre, subglobose, .00018' in diameter.

Plant 3' high, pileus l'-1.5' broad, stem 1 '-1.5" thick.

Ground among fallen leaves in woods. Caraghan. September.

The young plant might readily be mistaken for a species of Clitocybe. Owing to the very brittle character of the pileus, the lamellae are not easily separated from it. The hairs of the pileus are eitlier erect or appressed.

57

Lactarins rcg^alis, Peck.

Pileua convex, deeply depressed in the center, viscid wlicn moist, oft(m corrugated on the margin, white tinged with yellow; lamellae close, decur- rent, whitish, some of them forked at the base ; stem stout, short, equal, hollow, smooth ; taste acrid ; milk sparse, white quickly changing to sulphur- yellow ; spores .0003'.

Plant 4'-6' high, pileus, 4'-6' broad, stem 1' thick.

Ground in woods. Croghau. SeptembGr.

This interesting plant rivals L. piperatus in size and closely resembles it in general appearance, but the viscid pileus and si)arsc milk quickly changing to yellow, as in L. chrysorrheus, clearly distinguish it.

Lactarins Geradii, Peck.

Pileus expanded or centrally depressed, dry, rugose-wrinkled, often with a minute umbo or papilla, sooty-brown, the thin spreading margin sometimes wavy or irregular ; lamellae broad, distant, decurrent, white, the interspaces uneven ; stem equal, solid, colored like the pileus ; flesh and spores white ; taste mild ; milk white and unchangeable.

Plant 3'-5' high, pileus 2'-4' broad, stem 4"-6" thick.

Ground in Avoods and groves. Poughkeepsie, W. E. Gerard. Albany and Croghan. September.

In the color of the pileus and stem, this species is like the large variety of L. fuliginosus, but its real relationship is with L. distans, from Avliich it is separated by its color and its longer equal stem, characters which may prove to be only varietal.

Russula sordida, Peck.

Pileus firm, convex, centrally depressed, dry, sordid white, sometimes clouded with brown; lamellae white, some of them forked; stem ecjual, solid, concolorous ; spores globose, .0003' ; taste acrid ; flesh changing color when wounded, becoming black or bluish-black.

Plant 4'-5' high, pileus 3'-5' broad, stem 6"-13" thick.

Ground under hemlock trees. Worcester. July. The whole plant turns black in drying.

Marasmins scmihirtipcsj Peck.

Pileus thin, tough, nearly plane or depressed, smooth, sometimes striate on the margin, hygrophanous, reddish-brown when moist, alutaceons when dry, the disk sometimes darker; lamellae subdistant, reaching the stem, slightly

BUT-. HUP. SOC. NAT. SCI. (8) .lui.r, 187-'5.

58

venose-connected, subcrenulate on the edge, white ; stem equal, hollow, smooth above, velvety-tomentose toward the base, reddish-brown. Plant gregarious, l'-3' high, pileua 6"-9" broad, stem .5" thick.

On and among fallen twigs and leaves. West Point. June.

Marasmius umbonatus, Peck.

Pileus thin, tough, expanded, umbonate, smooth, even or substriate, aluta- ceous, the margin at first incurved ; lamallae narrow, subdistant, reaching the stem, venose-connected, sometimes branched toward the outer extremity, white ; stem equal, solid, velvety-tomentose, tawny below, paler above.

Plant gregarious, l'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-9" broad, stem .5" thick.

Ground under balsam trees. North Elba. July.

Marasmius caespitosusj Peck.

Pileus fleshy, convex, even, brown, with a lilac tint, the thin margin exceed- ing the lamallae ; lamellae close, free, somewhat united with each other at the stem, narrowed outwardly, white ; stem sometimes compressed at the top, stuffed or hollow, pruinose.

Plant caespitose, l'-2' high, pileus 6"-10" broad.

Birch stumps in woods. Richmondville, June.

Marasmius lougipes, Peck.

Pileus thin, convex, smooth, finely striate on the margin, tawny-red ; lamel- lae white ; stem tall, straight, equal, hollow, pruinose-tomentose, radicating, brown or fawn color, white at the top.

Plant 2'-5' high, pileus 4"-6" broad, stem .5" thick.

Among fallen leaves in woods. Savannah and Bethlehem. Au- gust and October.

The long straight slender stem is a characteristic feature of this plant.

Marasmius glabellus, Peck.

Pileus membranaceous, convex, then expanded, distantly striate, often uneven on the disk, dingy-ochraceous ; lamellae broad, distant, unequal free, ventricose, whitish, the upper margin and the interspaces venose ; stem corne- ous, equal, smooth, shining, hollow, reddish-brown or chestnut, whitish at the top, with a thick mycelium at the base.

Plant l'-2' high, pileus 6"-10" broad, stem .5" thick.

Fallen leaves in Avoods. Worcester and Croghau. July and Sep- tember.

59

Marasmius straininipcs, Peck.

Pileus membranaceous, hemispherical or convex, smooth, striate, whitish ; lamellae distant, unequal, white ; stem corneous, smooth, shining, filiform, inserted, pale straw color.

Plant l'-2' high, pileus V'-Z" broad.

Fallen leaves of the pitch pine, Pintis rigida. Center. October.

Leuzitcs Yialis, Peck.

Pileus coriaceous, sessile, dimidiate or elongated, sometimes confluent, ob- scurely zoned, subtomentose, brown or grayish-brown, the margin cinereous ; lamellae thin, anastomosing abundantly, pallid, cinereous-pruinose on the edge when fresh.

Pileus 6"-12" long.

Old railroad ties. North Greenbusli and Center. October.

Boletus separansj Peck.

Pileus thick, convex, smooth, shining, sometimes deeply lacunose, brownish- lilac ; tubes plane or slightly depressed around the stem, at first quite closed and attached to the stem, then by the expansion of the pileus usually torn from it, small, subrotund, yellow or brownish-yellow ; stem solid, nearly equal, distinctly reticulated, dull lilac; spores .00055' x .00023'; flesh white, unchangeable.

Plant 3'-4' high, pileus 3' broad, stem 6"-10" thick.

Grassy ground in open Avoods. Greenbusli. August. In dry weather the separation of the tubes from the stem does not always take place.

Boletus aJIiuis, Peck.

Pilous dry, minutely tomentulose, even or slightly rugose, chestnut colored, soon fading to tawny or ochraceous, the cuticle sometimes cracking into areas ; tubes plane or convex, attached to the stem and sometimes depressed around it, at first white and closed, then yellow, small, unequal, angular or subrotund ; stem solid, unequal, smooth, rarely reticulated at the top, pallid or tinged with dull red ; spores .00035' x .00016'; flesh white, unchangeable.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileus 2'-3' broad, stem 6 "-10" thick.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbusli. July.

Boletus modestus, Peck.

Pileus firm, often irregular, dry, yollowish-brown ; tubes nearly plane, attached and subdecurrent, pale ochraceous, angular and cumiiound ; stem

60

equal, brovvu, reticulated with darker liuea ; spores .0004' x .0002'; flesh gray- er pinkish gray. Plant 2' high, pileus 2' broad, stem 2"-4" thick.

Grassy ground in open woods. Greenbush. August.

Boletus pallidusj Frost.

Pileus soft, viscid when moist, smooth, pale alutaceous; tubes plane, attached to or Bometimes slightly depressed around the stem, small, subangu- lar, pale yellow, slightly changing color when wounded ; stem subequal, smooth, solid, pallid ; spores .00045' x .00022'.

Plant 2 '-5' high, pileus 2 '-4' broad, stem 4"-6" thick.

Ground in woods. North Greenbush. August.

Boletus ampliporus, Feck.

Pileua broadly convex or expanded, sometimes, slightly umbonate, dry, squamulose-tomentose, pinkish-brown ; tubes convex, attached or slightly de- current, very large, angular, compound, yellow ; stem equal, solid, yellowish- brown, paler at the top, and marked by the decurrent walls of the tubes ; flesh whitish tinged with yellow, unchangeable; spores pale ochraceous, with a greenish tinge, 00035' x .00016'.

Plant 3'-5' high, pileus 3'-4' broad, stem, 3"-6" thick.

Low mossy ground in woods. North Elba and Sandlake. Au- gust and September.

Polyporus caeruleoporus, Peck.

Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, subtomentose, moist or hygrophanous, brown ; pores short, angular, decurrent, grayish-blue ; stem central or eccentric, solid, colored like the pileus, sometimes tinged with the color of the pores ; flesh white.

Plant gregarious or subcaespitose, 2' high, pileus l'-2' broad, stem 2"-3" thick.

Shaded banks. Copake. October.

This and the three folloAving species belong to the section Mesopiis.

Polyporus griseus, Peck.

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, often irregular, smooth or with a minute ap- pressed eilkiness, dry, gray ; pores small, short, unequal, subangular, i)allid, the mouths white ; stem central, thick, short, concolorous ; flesh i)inkish-gray.

Plant 2'-3' high, pileua 3'-5' broad, stem 6"-10" thick.

Shaded banks. Copake. October.

Gl

Polj'poriis lliivi<lnsj Peck.

Pileus flesliy, tough, depressed or funnel-form, smooth, rarely a little villous on the disk, zonate, yellow with darker bands, the margin sometimes lobed or wavy ; pores short, minute, angular, yellow ; stem central, solid, slightly tapering downwards, smooth, subconcolorous.

Plant 3-5' high, pilous 2-4' broad, stem 3"-4" thick.

Ground in woods. Worcester. July.

Polyporus spleiidens, Peck.

Pileus thin, coriaceous, expanded, subumbilicate, slightly zonate, silky, shining, dark ferruginous when moist, tawny ferruginous when dry, the mar- gin deeply fimbriate ; pores small, angular, short, subconcolorous ; stem slender, equal, tomentose, concolorous.

Plant 1' high, pileus 6 '-10' broad, stem .5"-l" thick.

Much decayed stumps. Center. August.

Polyporus attenuatus, Peck.

Resupinate, effused, very thin, separable from the matrix, pinkish-ochre, the margin whitish ; pores minute, subrotund, with thin acute dissepiments.

Prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Croghan. September. The pores are scarcely visible to the naked eye.

Cratcrellus caespitosusj Peck.

Pileus fleshy, tough, irregular, expanded, centrally depressed or funnel- form, smooth, moist, variable in color, greenish-yellow, pinkish-brown, or blackish ; the margin sometimes decurved and lobed ; hymenium at first smooth, then rugose-wrinkled, the folds decurrent on the short, solid, tough stem which is either central or eccentric ; spores oblong, obtuse, sometimes slightly curved, .00035 '-.00045' long.

Plant caespitose, 6"-12" high, pileus 6"-10" broad.

Decaying wood in swamps. Portville. September. The pilei sometimes grow together, forming an intricate irregular tuft.

Grandiuia coriaria, Peck.

Effused, membranaceous-tomentose, separable from the matrix, under side and margin tawny-yellow, upper side and minute crowded granules greenish or dingy olivaceous; spores globose, rough, .0003' in diameter.

Forming patches l'-3' in diameter on old scnips of leather in damp places. Greenbush. August.

62

Thelcphora Willeyi, Clinton.

Pileus funnel-formed, tliiu, smooth, obscurely zoned, white, the margin entire or laciniately toothed and lobed ; hymenium smooth, concolorous ; stem central, equal, solid, white.

Plant l'-1.5' high, pileus 6"-12" broad, stem .5"-l" thick.

Ground in woods. Buffalo, G. W. Clinton. Lowville. September. Sometimes the pileus is split on one side down to the stem.

Stereum radiatum, Peck.

Resupinate or slightly reflexed, suborbicular, blackisli-brown ; hymenium uneven, marked with thick corrugations or ridges radiating from the center, cinnamon color.

Old hemlock logs. Catskill Mountains. June.

Corticium bicolor, Peck.

Thin, membranaceous, resupinate, flaccid, smooth, separable from the matrix, under surface greenish-yellow, upper surface white.

Kotten wood. Center. October.

Clavaria pusilla, Peck.

Stem slender, solid, rather tough, much and irregularly branched ; branches unequal, divergent, tips acute. Plant scarcely 1' high, yellowish.

Ground under spruce and balsam trees. North Elba. Septem- ber.

Clavaria clavata, Peck.

Simple, straight, clavate, obtuse, smooth, not hollow, yellow when fresh, rugose-wrinkled and orange colored when dry. Plant 4"-6" high.

Damp shaded banks by roadsides. Sandlake. June. The surface of the ground where it grows is covered by a stratum of green confervoid filaments. The species is related to C. mucida.

Trcmella colorata, Peck.

Plant gregarious, swollen subglobose or irregular soft pulpy and raisin- colored when moist, externally black and internally brownish-pink when dry ; filaments colored in the mass ; spores globose, colored like the hymenium when mature, .0005'-.0007' in diameter.

Bark of dead ash trees. Tyre. September-

Exobasidiiim Azaleao, Vcek.

Gall Bubglobose, often lobed or irregular, Biicculent, flephy, solid, smooth pale green or glaucous becoming pruinose ; spores oblong, straiglit or curved, obscurely uniseptate, white, .000G'-.0008' long.

Terminal ou living twigs of the pinxter ])liint, Azalea nudijlora, transforming the flower buds. North Greenbush and New Scotland. May and Juno.

Exobasidium Aiidromedae, Peck.

Gall flattened or somewhat cup shaped, more or less lobed, smooth, pale green or green varied with red, becoming paler and pruinose with age, hollow, the cavity containing shreds of loose soft cottony filaments ; spores narrow, oblong, simple, often curved near one end, white, .0007'-.0009' long.

Lateral ou living branches of Andromeda ligustrina, transform- ing the leaf buds. Center. May and June.

GASTEROMYCETES.

Lycoperdon pedicellatum, PecTc.

Subpyriform, whitish, the outer peridium persistent, forming dense angular spinose processes which are smaller toward the base of the plant ; capillitium and spores greenish ochre or dingy olivaceous ; spores smooth, pedicellate, globose, .00016 '-.00018' in diameter, the pedicel three to five times as long.

Ground and rotten wood. Croghan and Center. September and October. The spores resemble those of species of Bovista.

Diderma crustaceuin, Peck.

Effused or circumambient, crowded, sessile, subglobose, smooth, white, outer peridium crustaceous, resembling the shell of some small egg, the inner deli- cate, appearing cinereous to the naked eye, iridescent under the microscope ; columella none; spores globose, black, .0005' in diameter.

Diderma fariiiaceuin, Peck.

EfiFused or circumambient, crowded, sessile, subglobose, plumbeous when moist or young, white rugulose and farinaceous when dry ; spores globose, brown, black in the mass, .0004' in diameter.

Incrusting mosses and fern stems in low woods. Croghan. Sep- tember.

64

Didorma Mariae-Wilsoni, Clinton.

Scattered or crowded, sessile, subglobose, smootli, white or pinkisli-wliite, outer peridium crustaceous, within at the base brownish-pink, inner peridium delicate ; columella subglobose, rugulose, slightly colored ; spores globose, blackish-brown, .0004' in diameter.

Fallen leaves, sticks, moss, etc. Buffalo, Clinton. Memphis, Center and Sandlake. August and October.

Didymium connatnm, Peck.

Peridium depressed or subglobose, cinereous, f urf uraceous, stipitate ; stems mostly connate at the base, tapering upward, longitudinally wrinkled, whitish or cream color; spores subglobose, black, .0004' in diameter.

Decaying fungi. Portville. September.

The subfasciculate mode of growth is a marked feature in this

species.

Physarum pulclierripes, Peck.

Peridium globose, variable in color, ochraceous, gray, brown or black ; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upwards, vermillion ; spores globose, brown, .00033' in diameter.

Rotten wood. Eichmondville and Worcester. July. The bright color of the stem is quite conspicuous, notwithstand- ing the small size of the plant.

Physarum caespitosuin, Peck.

Peridia aggregated in tufts or clusters, crowded, sessile, smooth, brown or blackish-brown; spores dingy ochre, smooth, globose, .00035' in diameter.

Decaying wood. Greenbush. August.

Craterium obovatum, Peck.

Peridium obovate, rugose-wrinkled, glabrous, lilac-brown ; flocci whitish ; stem cotored like the peridium; spores smooth, globose, black, .0005'-.0006' in diameter.

Decaying Avood and fallen leaves. Center, Sandlake and Croghan. August and September.

The operculum is not always distinct, the peridium appearing fre- quently to be irregularly ruptured at the apex.

Stemouitis herbatica, Peck.

Densely fasciculate; capillitium slender, cylindrical, brown when moist, ferruginous-brown when dry ; stem black, arising from a membranaceous

GO

hypolliallus, penetrating to the apex of the capillitium ; spores globose, .0003 '-.00035' in diameter.

Plant 2"-3" high, growing on living leaves of grass and herbs. Albany. Jnne.

The color of this plant is almost the same as that of S. ferruginea, but the spores are much larger, sui-passing even those of S.fusca.

Tricliia rcniformis, Peck.

Peridia gregarious or clustered, sessile, subglobose or reniform, small, brown ; llocci few, short, sparingly branched ; spores globose, minutely cchinulate, yel- low-ochre, sometimes tinged with green, .0005' in diameter.

Dead bark of striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicuin. Portville. September.

The branches and apices of the flocci are sometimes without spiral markings and slightly nodulose.

Pericliaena flavida, Peek.

Yellow throughout ; peridia crowded, clustered, sessile, variable in size and shape, shining; flocci few, short, subnodulose, obtuse, sparingly branched ; spores globose, enchinulate, .00045' in diameter.

Mosses. Sandlake. August.

The bright golden yelloAv color renders the clusters conspicuous.

CONIOMYCETES.

Diuemasporiuiu Robinlae, Gerard.

Perithecia cup-shaped, bristly, black ; spores hyaline, .0002' long, the termi- nal bristles about as long as the spore.

Dead wood of locust trees. Poughkeepsie, Gerard.

Dinemasporium aceriuum, Peck.

Perithecia small, pezizoid, black, hispid with short straight scattered black hairs ; spores unequally elliptical, .0003' long, the terminal bristles scarcely one-third the length of the spore.

Dry maple wood. Buffalo, Clinton. April.

Bin.. BUP. SOC. NAT. SCI. (9) JULY, 1S73.

66

Pucciuia pulchella, Peck.

Spots yellow or greenish-yellow, orbicular, rarely confluent ; sori small, circinating, sometimes confluent, blackisli-brown ; spores .001'-0013' long, .0006' broad.

Upper surface of leaves of Rihes j)rostratum. North Elba. July.

Pnccinia Cryptotaeniae, Peck.

Spots small, pallid or yellowish, sometimes tinged with purple, dotted by the sori, occasionally confluent ; sori minute, clustered, at first covered by the epidermis, then surrounded by its pale ruptured remains which continue in the form of a small pustule with a contracted subcircular opening at the apex, reddish-brown ; spores subelliptical, scarcely constricted, crowned with a hyaline pustule, .0011 '-.OOIG' long, .0006' broad.

Under surface of leaves of Cryptotaenia Canadensis. North Greenbush. June.

Pnccinia Mariae-Wilsoni, Clinton.

Amphigenous ; spots none ; sori scattered or clustered, unequal, reddish- brown ; spores subelliptical, scarcely constricted, crowned with a pustule, .0013'-.0018' long, .0007'-0008' broad.

Leaves and stems of Claytonia Caroliniana. Buffalo, Clinton. Knowersville. May.

Pnccinia Lobeliae, Oerard.

Sori minute, scattered or confluent, tawny-brown ; spores oblong-elliptical, slightly constricted at the septum and easily separating into two parts, pale, .0013'-0016' long ; pedicel short or obsolete.

Under surface of leaves of Lobelia syphilitica. Poughkeepsie, Gerard. The fragile spores are peculiar.

Pnccinia obtccta, Peck.

Cauline ; sori unequal, often very large, angular or orbicular, scattered or confluent, slightly elevated, long covered by the epidermis, black ; spores oblong or oblong-clavate, sometimes curved, constricted, obtuse or obtusely pointed, .0018'-.0024' long, .0008' broad; pedicel colored, seldom half as long as the spore.

Stems of Scirpus validus and S.j)ungens. Watkins, Montezuma Marshes and Albany. SeptemlxT and October.

()7

0

Pucciiiia linearis, Peck.

Ampliigenous ; sori vory narrow, deep Bcutud, oblong or linear, parallel, crowded, long covered by the epidermis, black ; spores oblong, slightly taper- ing toward the base, not constricted, very obtuse or truncate, .0018'-0034' long, .0006' broad ; pedicel colored, very short.

Leaves and sheaths of grasses. Watkins. September. This is related to Puccinia coronata, but it is without the apical teeth of the spore.

Pucciuia angustataj Peck.

Hypogenous ; spots pallid or none ; sori oblong or linear, sometimes regu- larly arranged at equal intervals in long parallel lines, narrow, black ; spores narrow, oblong-clavate or elongated, septate above the middle, strongly con- stricted, having the lower cell more narrow than the upper, and cylindrical or slightly tapering downwards, .OOOlB'-.OO^i' long, .OOOG' broad ; pedicel colored, thick, very short.

Leaves of Scirpus sylvaticum and S. Eriopliorum. West Albany and Watkins. September.

Protomyces Erytlironii, Peck.

Spots stained with red or purple ; spores growing in the tissues of the leaf, scattered or crowded, most often arranged in short series and erumpent through narrow chinks in the epidermis, large, globose, at length black, .002 '-.0026' in diameter.

Leaves and petioles of Erythroniwn Americanuni. Greenbush. May.

The leaf is most frequently affected at the base of the lamina or blade.

Ustilago Erytlironii J Clinton.

Produced on the leaves in oblong or irregular vesicular patches, half an inch or more in length ; spores globose, rough, rather large, .0006 '-.00075' in diameter, black in the mass.

Leaves of Erythroniuni Americanum. Goat Island, Clinton.

Uredo Ledicola, Peck.

Spots small, definite, rarely confluent, suborbicular, reddish-brown, some- times with a darker border ; sori subrotund or irregular, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores subglobose, rough, .0012' in diameter, orange, with a thick hyaline epispore.

Upper surface of leaves of Ledum latifolium. M(. Marcy. July.

Apparently quite distinct from U. Lcdl A. & S.

G8

Peridermium Cerebrum, Peck.

Peridia large, convex, erumpent, irregularly confluent, forming brain-like convolutions, white, rupturing irregularly, tlie cells radiate-striate on the margin; spores ovate-elliptical or subglobose, rough, yellow, .0008'-.0011' long.

Trunks and branches of young pine trees, Pimis rigida, forming excrescences half an inch to two inches in diameter. Center, /. A. Lintner.

Roestelia aurantiacaj Peek,

Peridia cylindrical, fragile, soon lacerated, fugacious, white ; spores sub- globose, bright orange, about .001' in diameter, with a thick hyaline epispore.

Unripe fruit of Amelanclder Canadensis. New Baltimore, /. L. Zabriskie. Keene. July. Also on the unripe fruit of Crataegus. Buffalo, Clinton.

The color of the spores will enable this species to be easily recog- nized.

Aecidium Gerardiae, Peck.

Spots small, suborbicular, scattered, yellowish-green, peridia usually few, small, short, the mouth fringed with spreading or recurved teeth ; spores orange, .0008' in diameter.

Leaves of Gerardia quercifoUa. Highlands near Cold Spring.

June.

Aecidium album, Clinton.

Spots none ; peridia scattered, short, white, the margin subentire ; spores subglobose, white, about .0008' in diameter. Under surface of leaves of Vicia Americana. Buffalo, Clinton.

Aecidium Lycopi, Gerard.

Spots yellow ; subiculum more or less thickened ; peridia short, scattered or crowded, margin crenate ; spores pale yellow.

Leaves, stems and petioles of Lycopus Europaeiis. Pough- keepsie, Gerard. Buffalo, Cli)iton. June.

Aecidium Hydrophylli, Peck,

Spots small, few, yellow, with a pale greenish border ; subiculum thickened whitish ; peridia few, generally crowded, short, the margin subcrenate ; spores bright yellow or orange; spermogonia central, on the opposite side.

Under surface of Icavos of IlgiJmpJ/i/Jhnii f'fn/fidr)/se. C'iilskill Monn tains. Juno.

69

HYPILOMYCETES.

Stilbum ramosiim, Peck.

Head subglobose, -whitish or pale yellow ; stem thick, smooth, branched, white above, pallid or brownish below, sometimes creeping and sending up branches at intervals ; spores minute, oblong.

Dead larvae of insects buried in rotten wood. Sterling. Sep- tember.

Periconia Azaleao, Peck.

Plant small, .03'-04' high, black ; stem slightly tapering upward ; head globose ; spores subglobose or elliptical, colored, .0003'-.0003' long.

Twigs, capsules and old galls of Azalea nudiflora. New Scot- land. June.

Macrosporinm Chartarum, Peck.

Flocci long, jointed, flexuoua, branched, colored ; branches widely spread- ing, somewhat nodulose ; spores variable, subglobose, elliptical, obovate or pyriform, black, shining, one to three septate, with one or two longitudinal septa, .0006'-001' long.

Damp paste board. Albany. November. It forms indefinite black spots or patches.

Clasterisporium peduiiculatum, Peck.

Flocci erect, opaque, septate ; spores terminal, nearly straight, multiseptate, colored, mostly subfusiform or lanceolate, about .003' long, the terminal cell hyaline.

Cut surface of wood. Savannah. October.

Streptothrix abictina, Peck.

Tufts pulvinate, scattered or crowded, blackish-brown ; flocci branched, pale, echinulate ; spores globose, minutely rough, .00035 '-.0003' in diameter.

Bark of prostrate trunks of spruce trees. Sandlake. September. The larger rough spores and echinulate threads separate this species from *S^. atra.

Aspergillus fuligiuosus, Peck.

Creeping liocci white, septate ; fertile flocci erect, not septate, crowned with a globose head which is rough with projecting processes ; spores globose, sooty-black, smooth, .00016' in diameter.

Eice paste and apple. All)any.

70

ASCOMYCETES.

Microspliaera Russelliij Clinton.

Ampliigenous ; mycelium arachnoid, evanescent ; appendages 8-18, very long, flexuous, colored, paler toward the tips which are simple or one to three times divided; sporangia ovate, 4-8; spores 4, elliptical, .0007'-.0008' long.

Leaves and petioles of Oxalis strida. Buffalo, Clinton. Pougli- keepsie, Gerard. North Greenbush. October.

This might Avith almost equal propriety be referred to the genus Erysiphe.

Erysii)lie Eui)horbiae, Peck.

Mycelium thin; conceptacles small, .0035' in diameter; appendages few, long, flexuous, colored; sporangia broadly ovate, 3-4; spores 3-4, large, .001' X. 00065'.

Leaves of Eupliorhia hyjiericifoUa. Greenbush. October.

Geo^lossum simile^ Peck.

Plant l'-2' high, black, minutely hairy ; club obtuse, generally compressed, sometimes with a broad shallow groove on one side, tapering into the stem ; asci broad ; spores fasciculate, elongate, slightly curved, seven-septate, colored, .003'-.0004' long ; paraphyses slightly thickened at the tips, septate, sometimes branched.

Damp mossy ground in swamps and in peat bogs. Ft. Edward, Hoive. Sandlake. September.

It is scarcely possible to separate this species from G. liirsutum without microscopical examination.

Yibrissea lutea, Peck.

Plant 6"-12" high, yellow, receptacle subglobose, smooth, the margin slightly lobed, inflexed, free; stem nearly equal, solid, a little more highly colored than the receptacle, longitudinally wrinkled when dry ; asci clavate or cylindrical ; spores long, filiform.

Prostrate mossy trunks of trees and among fallen leaves in woods. North Elba. August.

Peziza Solenia, PecA;.

Cups minute, nearly cylindrical, hairy, brown, opening by a contracted, white-margined mouth ; spores oblong, crowded or biseriate, uniseptate usually with four nuclei, subhyaline, .0005' long ; ])araphyses filiform.

71

Dead stems of Eupatorium ageratoides in dianp shaded places. Watkins Glen. September.

The cups are a little longer than broad, and appear like some minute solenia.

Rhytisma linearis, Peck.

Linear, here and tbere interrupted or constricted, black ; asci broad, clavate, eigbt-spored ; spores very long, obtuse, strongly narrowed in the middle, involved in mucus, .002'-.003' long.

Under surface of leaves of pine trees, Pinus Strolus. Guilder- land, Greenbush and Sandlake. June.

It forms a thick black line on the under surface of the leaf, often extending the entire length. The spores appear to consist of two oblong parts connected by a narrow neck.

Hypomyces polyporinus, Peck.

Peritbecia minute, ovate or subconical, seated on a pallid subiculum.smootb, yellowisb, or pale amber ; asci narrow, linear ; spores fusiform, acuminate at each end, nucleate, .0006 '-.0007' long.

On Polyjjonis versicolor. Worcester and Croghan. July and September.

Nectria Apocyiii, Peck.

Conidia. Subbemispberical or irregular, small, pale red ; spores fusiform, straight, .0005'-.0006' long.

Ascopliore. Caespitose or scattered, dull red , peritbecia minute, pale ochra- ceous, and subglobose when moist, dull red collapsed or laterally compressed and rough with minute whitish scales when dry ; spores biseriate, uniseptate, fusiform, nucleate, .00065'-.0008' long.

Base of dead stems of Apocymim cannabimmi. North Green- bush. October.

Nectria mycetophila, Peck.

Peritbecia crowded or scattered, minute, smooth, subglobose, pale yellow when young, then pinkish-ochre ; ostiole minute, papillate, distinct, darker colored ; asci subclavate ; spores oblong, simple, .0005' x .00016' .

Decaying fungi. New Scotland. October.

72

Sphaeria Staphylina, Peck.

Peritliecia minute, black, covered by tlie epidermis, ■\vliicli at length rup- tures in a stellate manner or irregularly ; spores biseriate, colorless, con- stricted in the middle, three to five septate, .0009 '-.001' long, the two parts formed by the central septum unequal in diameter.

Dead twigs of Staphylea trifolia. Helderberg Mountains. May.

Sphaeria Desmodii, Peck,

Perithecia scattered or seriately placed, minute, covered by the epidermis, which is pierced by the acute ostiole, black ; asci clavate ; spores biseriate, fusiform, colorless, four nucleate, .00035 '-.0004' long.

Dead stems of Desmodium. Garrisons. June.

73

VI. Contributions to a Knowledge of North American

Moths

BY AUG. II. GROTE. [Bead before this Society, June Qtk, 1873.]

DuMERiL, in 1823, and afterwards Boisduval, in 183C, availed themselves of the structural feature offered by the different anten- na! forms in the Lepidoptera to establish ideal divisions, higher than Families, in the sub-order. Although not so strongly insisted upon, other considerations may have suggested themselves, appar- ently justifying a separation of the Butterflies from the rest of the Lepidoptera. But, as we become acquainted with the sub-order, the peculiarities of the Butterflies lessen by comparison. And since the form of the antennae is nowhere absolute, and even in reality will not always separate the Butterflies from many Moths, and since the divisions proposed by Dr. Boisduval are evidently of unequal value, and the character on which they rest of little sys- tematic weight, the terms cannot be retained. Boisduval's terms are in part synchronous with Dameril's, which, in case of accept- ance of the values intended, should be preferred. The compara- tively persistent character of the clavate antennae in the Butterflies is noticed by Hiibner in 181G. But it is evident that the Hesperi- dae, for instance, present a modification of the form of the anten- nus as we find it in the higher Butterflies, and are accordingly not to be indifferently classed with them. It w^ould seem as though the succession of Family groups in the Lepidoptera is not to be dis- turbed by higher exact division, nor need we employ other terms than our common ones for general purposes of designation.

Professor Agassiz, in 1849, records a character which had been before unnoticed by the classificators of the sub-order. Agassiz calls attention to the fact, that there is a common position of the

BUL. BUr. 90C. NAT. SCI. (10) JCH,Y, 1873.

74

wing in all the LcpidoiDtera in the pupa state. The wings are then bent downAvards, and tlie upper wings cover the lower ones, the npper surface of the latter turned sidewise. In the Papilionidae, or true Butterflies, in their adult state, the wings are raised above the body, their upper surface turned upwards and inwards, never turning outwards. In the mature Hesperian the position of the Avings is different; the anterior pair only are raised, while the lower ones are stretched horizontally. In the perfect state of the lowest Moths, the wings are stretched backwards close to the body, which they more or less surround. In the varying attitude of the wings we evidently have a manifestation of the cephalic principle, and accordingly a safe basis upon which to found our systematic arrangements.

It is with diffidence that I suggest that, in the position of the wings, we have a character which might be interpreted as assigning a higher position to the Geometridae. In most of these moths there is a more frequent common ornamentation of the upper surface of the wings, perhaps predicated by the exposure of the hind pair in a state of rest to the light.

"With regard to the position of the Deltoids, Lederer says:

"Ich konnte, wie gesagt, ebenfalls keine [Verschiedenheit] auftin- den und trage um so weniger Bedenken, die nun aufzufiihrenden Arten [Deltoiden] zu den Eulen zu rechnen, als sie selbst dann, wenn noch ein sie von diesen trennendes, ausschliessliches Merkmal aufgefunden werden sollte dennoch hier und nicht bei den Pyrali- den unterznbringen waren und der Totaleindruck sie gcAviss von diesen noch weit mehr, als von den Noctuinen unterscheidet, iiber- haupt weniger in Wirklichkeit als in der Gewolmheit diese Arten als Pyrallden zu betrachten, besteht."

While I am not agreed with the separation of the Cymatophorina, Herrich-Scliaeffer, as a group equivalent to the Noctuidae, nor as luiving more than analogies with the Bombycidae, I think we shall be justified in considering the Deltoids as belonging to the JSToctui- dae; and this rather than allow an interpolation of the Family Geometridae between groups so nearly allied, that certain of our first authorities, Zeller, Lederer and Ilerrich-SchaefFer, cannot separate them by any tangible character.

75

All idea that ihe anhiitiL-d in the Lepidoptcra are net-like and not, as they seem to me, branch-like, has excused the classification, especially of the Bombycidae, adopted by v. lleineman and Stau- dinger, by which Subfamily groups are accorded Family rank, and so incongruous a sequence is adopted, that this would seem the end sought, rather than a natural arrangement of the Moths. No or little allowance is made for comparative characters, and the severity of tlie generic classification has permitted no adequate comprehen- sion of these softer zoological forms. We miss any reference to American genera (without which perhaps no true limitation can be decided npon), either as illustrated by American writers or by the pens of European authors who have investigated so largely the Lepi- dopterous Faunae of other continents, v. lleineman establishes the European genns Scodra, without reference to Guenee's Leptina, from America, Avhich it seems shonld have been compared.' On the other hand Packard, in 1864, has indicated in several cases the com- parative generic position of European Bombycidae, and, in 1865, we have drawn attention to relationships between the Sphingidae of either continent, and in particular to the position which the Euro- pean Macrosila convolvuli and Sphinx ligustri occupy with regard to the American species of the two genera.

I give here a catalogue of our North American species referable to Herrich-SchaeflFer's Family Cymatoiiliorina, for Avhich I prefer Boisduval's earlier term, and regard them as forming a sub-family of the Noctuidae. Alone of any of the divisions of the family heretofore proposed, they possess a distinctive structural feature, found in the course of the costal nervure of the secondaries.

1 Auf Seite 17, v. Heineman's Schmetterlins^e Deutschlands und der Schweiz, steht, Z. 9, v. unteii, "bei der Hesperiengattung Cydopaedes die ninterschienen auch mit Mittelspornen." Schlagt man, Seite 115, d. Gattung auf, so findet sicli geradc des Gcgenthcil angegebeii : "Uin- terschieueii uur mit Endsporuen."

7G

Family, NOCTUIDAE.

Subfamily, NOCTUO-BOMBYCINI, Boisduval (1829).

Tribe, Verae, Grote (1863).

CYMATOPHORA, Treitschke (1834).

Type : Noctua flavicornis, Linnaeus.

caniplaga, Walker."^

Canada (Auth. Walker).

LEPTINA, Guen^e (1852).

Type : Leptina dormitaug, Guenie.

dormitans, Guenee. New York ; Pennsylvania.

latebricola, Grote. New Jersey.

oplitlialinica, Guenee.

New York ; Pennsylvania ; Alabama.

Doubledayi, Guenee.

Massachusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania,

formosa» Grote.

Massachusetts.

Tribe, Falbae, Grote (1863).

PSEUDOTHYATIRA, Grote (1864).

Type : Thyatira cymatophoroides, Guenee. cjfiiiatophoroides, Grote.

$ Thyatira cymatophoroides, Guenee, New York ; New Jersey ; Pennsylvania.

expultrix, Grote.

$ Thyatira cymaiophorddes, Guen<5e. Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

2 Mr. Walker'8 Cymatopliora virldescens is erroneously determined geuerically, and I retain the present species with licsitation on tlie list.

77

HABROSYNE, Ilubner (181G).

Type : Noctua derasa, Linnaeus. scripta.

Thyatira scripta, Gosse. Thyatira dbrasa, Quen6e.

Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Virginia.

THYATIRA, Ochsenlieimer (1810).

Type : Noctua Batis, Linnaeus. pudcns, Ouenee. New York ; Pennsylvania.

The tribes I have adopted in the Moths are founded upon a more intimate resemblance among groups of genera ; they may possibly assist us in placing the different forms into a natural position.

Dr. Packard has shown the existence of two Subfamily types in the Noctuidae, corresponding in the main with M. Guenee's Trifi- dae and Quadrifidae, but based on other and comparative characters. Lederer had previously shown that M. Guenee's definitions are inex- act, and had contended that the Noctuidae are not susceptible of any Subfamily division.

The species thrown together under Acronycta appear susceptible of generic division, while our knowledge of the difficult forms is as yet extremely defective. The early stages must be studied, since we find the statements of authors that these differ widely in otherwise closely allied species. I here indicate, I fear imperfectly, the differ- ent groups into which it seems our species may be divided, not changing the general generic designation, and leaving many ques- tions for the moment unsolved.

In 1868 we recorded our opinion of Mr. Walker's description of American Moths, based upon our personal examination of the British Museum collections. So many authorities concur in an unfavorable opinion of Mr. "Walker's labors, that we need no excuse for omitting here any reference to the British Museum Catalogue, except Avhere we have identified Mr. Walker's descriptions.

78

Subfamily KOCTUINAE, Pachard. Tribe, BoMBTCOiDES {Hubner). ACRONYCTA, Oclisenlieimer(1816).

viunula, Orote.

New York ; New Jersey ; Pennsylvauia.

§ Triaena, Hubner (1816).

Type : Noctua psi, Linnaeus. grisea, Walker.^

Noctua grisea, Barnston MS. Hudson's Bay Territory.

Tritonaj Onenee.

Triaena Tritona, Hubner. Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

occidentalisj Grote and Robinson.

Acronycta psi, X Guenee (in part, B). Canada; Massacbusetts ; New York ; Pennsylvania.

telum, Ouenee. New York.

morulaj Orote and Robinson. Canada , New York.

Lobeliae, Guenee.

Canada; New York ; Pennsylvania.

fiircifera, Guenee.

Am6rique Septentrionale (auth. Guenee).

hasta^ Guenee.

Amerique Septentrionale (autb. Guenee).

interrupta, Guenee.^

Georgia (described from Abbot's drawings).

3 This species differs from Tritona in the whitish secondaries, but otherwise closely resem- bles Ilubner's species. I have examined the types in the British Museum.

1 From the manner of remark on page 121 of the Second Report on the Insects of Missouri, it would be inferred this species had been identified. I do not think it can be readily known from the existing description.

79

spininrera, Guenee.

New York ; Pennsylvania.

connot'ta, Ch'ote.^ New York.

§ fniieraliS) Orote and Robinson. Canada ; Ohio.

iiiiiotatu, Ouenee.

Dipldhera Oraefii, Qrote. New York; Pennsylvania.

§ Acrouycta, Hi'ibner, restr. (181G).

Type: Noctua leporina, Linnaeus. Lnpiiii,^ Bchr. California.

lepnsculina, Guenee.

Acronyeta populi, 2d Missouri Report. Pennsylvania; Missouri.

iiisita^ Walker.

New York. Spec, distinct. ?

§ Megacrouycta," Grote (1873).

Type: Acrouycta liastulifera, Guense.

hastulifera, Guente.

Phalaena hastulifera. Abbot and Smith. Apatela americana, Harris. \ Canada ; Pennsylvania ; Massachusetts ; Southern States.

5 Acronyeta conneda, n. s., i, is the narrowest winged species known to me. The body is rather long and stout. Hoary gray, with a testaceous tinge, the markings indistinct. The wing is darker clouded centrally and above internal margin between the basal and internal black dashes. The costal marks are very faint. The orbicular is a void, rather small annulet, and its more whitish hue contrasts. The reniform is also rather small, distinctly ringed inwardly where it is stained, incompletely margined outwardly where it is whitish. The t. p. line is well removed to the e.Kternal margin superiorly. A dark shade, not a streak, opposite the cell. Terminal elongate interspaceal black streaks. Hind wings whitish with darker clouded borders. Beneath dusted, with faint dot and line.

Expanse, 1.25 inch. Sharon Springs, from O. Meske.

6 I have a single specimen of this species that I refer to this section. Compact, stout-bodied, and thickly scaled ; primaries narrow without saggitate marks, median shade distinct, t. p. line continuous with succeeding gray shade, fringes minutely black dotted ; secondaries witli imniaculate fringes. The specimen is obscurely colored, perhaps stained ; size of leporina.

'' Gr.: fieyac et Acronyeta. In this section vein 5, is hardly weaker, and the cell is in part closed by a veinlet as strong as vein 5. The fore tibiae are somewliat thickened. I do not think the species belongs to Stephens' genus Apatela, of which we appear to have a wrong idea

80

§ Apatela, Oehseuheimer (1816).

Type : Noctua aceria, Linnaeus.

acei'icola, Guenee.

Phalaena aceris % Abbott and Smitli, 7ion alior. " Georgia." An. spec, sequent. ?

rul}ricomaj Ouenee. New York ; Pennsylvania.

luteicoma, Grote and Robinson New York ; Pennsylvania.

brumosa, Guenee.

Anierique Septentrionale (auth. Guein';e).

Verrilli, Grote and Robinson. Massachusetts ; New York.

noctiTaga, Grote.

New York ; Pennsylvania.

superans, Guenee. Canada; New York.

afflicta, Grote. Texas ; Pennsylvania.

longa^ Guenee.

Anierique du Nord (autli. Guenee).

§ clarescens, Guenee. New York.

§ Lepitoreuma/ Grote.

Type : Acronycta ovata, Grote. ovata,^ Grote. Pennsylvania.

from Harris' determination. Hiirris seems to have confused the two illustrations of Abbot, and while he describes our largest species, which is most probably hastulifera of the Insects of Georgia, he states it to be figured by Abbot and Smith as aceHs, which it certainly is not. Harris may have been led to this by larval observations, which perhaps cannot always be considered as correctly made by Abbot. In two instances — Phalaena angulosa, Plate 83, and Phalaena amasia, Plate 90 — I have shown that Abbot has represented two distinct species on one plate as from the same larva.

* Gr.: Xinig et rdpev/ia. This section is characterized by the ovate primaries, which broaden outwardly; the costal edge is produced at the shoulder, depressed centrally and is again full toward the apices. The scales are strongly raised in ridges along the transverse lines.

8 Acronycta ovata, n. «., Plate 2, fig. 14 i , is of the general shape of Hamamelis, but very differoiit in color and with distinct sagittate marks. Gray with a bright tinge, shaded with

81

Ilamamelis, CMc/itc.

New York ; Pennsylvania.

dissectsij Grote and Robinson. Massachusetts; New York.

§ sperata,^** Grote. New York ; Pennsylvania.

§ xylinoidcs,^^ Guenee. New York ; Pennsylvania ; Missouri.

§Eulonche,i2 Groie {\%n).

Type: Acronycta oblinita, Guenee. oblinita; Guenee.

Phalaena oblinita. Abbot and Smith. Canada ; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Southern States.

testaceous. A black basal dash extends to the twice strongly angulated t. a. line, which is gem- inate, the inner more distinct line composed of raised scales. Above the basal dash tlie humeral space is pale bej'ond the geminate basal half-line. Median space wide superiorly, owing to the superior wide projection of the distinct and regularly denticulated t. p. line. Orbicular rather large, pale and vague, with clouded center. Costal black marks evident. Median shade apparent by raised darker scales. Reniform vague, bisannulate, stained with deep testaceous. A very narrow black distinct d;ish at internal angle, broken at the pale con- tinued s. t. line. A third black dash, indicated within s. t. line, opposite the disc. Secondaries fuscous, with the distinct black discal spot and dentate line of the paler under-surface reflected. Expanse, 1.45 inch. Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.

10 Acronycta sperata, n. s., Plate 2, flg. 1 i , belongs apparently to the section of A. myricae, Guenee. Clear blue-gray, the usual markings of the primaries distinct and erect. T. a. line geminate, waved, component lines divaricate. Orbicular small, very distinct, a blackish void annulet. Keniform well sized, also distinctly but less completely black ringed, crossed by the median shade. T. p. line regularly dentate, nearly straight, as usual inflected below median nervure. No sagittate marks ; s. t. line pale, vague ; a series of minute terminal black marks. Ilind wings white, dusted costally ; beneath white, a little dusted, no lines or spots perceivable.

Expanse, 1.35 inch. Coll. B. S. N. S. and Am. Ent. Soc.

'1 This species resembles oblinita in general appearance, but is easily distinguished by the shape of the primaries, the apices being less produced, the external margin a little straighter. The t. p. line is more distinct and removed further towards the external margin, and there is a more or less obvious streak at internal angle. Perhaps the two are confounded in the Third Annual Missouri Report, p. 71. In this same Report, the re-description of Laphygma frugiperda. Ouenie, the corn-bud-worm moth of Abbot and Smith, as I^-odenia autumnalis, will at least prevent, it is hoped, "i» this country,'''' the appearance of scientific descriptions of this variable species " based upon the simple examination of solitary specimens of the perfect insect, iv'ithout the fact being vientioned.^'' The italics are mine, and the quotations from i)age 50 of the Third Report. The species alluded to in this Report as " Prodenia commeinae," can certainly not be Abbot and Smith's Commelinae, as this is so large as not to be possibly con- founded with Laphygma frugiperda.

*^ Gr.: " Ev et Myxri. This section is characterized by the long pointed primaries and sunken head. Vein 5 of the hind wings is a mere fold, and the cell open.

BtJL. BUr. soc. NAT. BCI. (11) JITLY, 1873.

82

insolitaj^^ Qrote. Pennsylvania.

AgTotis pityclirous, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 11, ^ .

Allied to Agrotis quadrideutata and Agrotis cicatricosa G. & JR., from Colorado Territory and to the Russian A. acuminifera Eversniann, as figured by Herricli- Schaeffer.

Pale grayish white from the base along costal region to the transverse pos- terior line which is indicated by dark dots. The costal edge is marked, show- ing the inception of the transverse lines which are not perceptible. The orbicular and reniform are rather large, grayish white, with more or less com- plete black annuli, lying on the dusky discal field that, in the male, shows a testaceous tint. The claviform mark is black and perceivable in its usual place without the transverse anterior line, the latter fragmentary. The extra basal line is geminate, even, and only discontinued at the whitish costal shade. Median vein whitish and the whitish scales extend along veins three and four to the subterminal line which is exerted at this place. Subterminal space whitish, showing black, more or less evident, cuneiform marks before the line. Terminal space dusky, constricted medially owing to the exserted portion of the subterminal line. Interspaceal blackish cuneiform marks take the place of the terminal line. Fringes stained with testaceous. The hind wings are whitish with diffuse dusky borders in the male, while in the opposite sex they are nearly wholly blackish, contrasting with the white fringes and offering a distinctional character when compared with allied species ; a faint discal liture in both sexes. Beneath whitish, with dusky shadings ; no transverse lines in either sex ; a series of interrupted interspaceal terminal dusky marks. Cor- poral pubescence whitish ; collar with distinct dark lines which define also the tegulae. Abdomen whitish, stained with testaceous at the extremity ; ovi- positor exserted in the female in which the antennae are simple, while these are finely pectinate in the male.

Expanse, 30 m, m. Hahitat, Long Islund, N. Y. (coll. J. A. Lintner).

13 Acronycta insolita, n. s., i , resembles A. oblinita, in the lanceolate primary wings, which are even longer and more produced apically. Blackish ; orbits of the eyes white. Primaries uniformly blackish, the dark tone obscuring all ornamentation except the t. p. and s. t. lines, which are oblique and appear as rather broad interspaceal hmulated or squared gray marks, which, in the as usual flexed t. p. line, are marked by black outward points, tlie fragments of the t. p. line itself, the gray marks being the preceding shade. Hind wings white beneath, with the costal region dusted with blackish scales. Palpi with the second joint outwardly black; fore tibiae with blackish longer hair. Abdomen wliitish above, darker beneath, rather long. The unusually dark color and pointed wings, together with the peculiar appearance of the trans- verse lines, should make this species very recognizable. This last section of the genus reminds OS of Leucania. My specimen of A. iusolita, expands l.tJO juch. Coll. Ani. Eijt. Soc.

83

Cloantlia ramosula, Oueme, Plate 3, fig. lO, primary wing.

Gucn^e's figure of tliis spi'cies is not reoognisablo. In tlic description this species is compared with the type of the genus, the European C. licvspicillaris. I believe I describe and illustrate here Guende's rawoswZa, although the description in the Sp(''cies General is not full and appears to me contradictory in slight points. Cinereous, shaded with ochrey brown. Costal edge cinereous. Below the s. c. nervuro the wing is whitish ashen from the base over the cell and, beyond the reniform, this paler shade extends, outwardly obliquely margined, to apex. Orbicular extremely indistinct, indicated by a fragmentary obliquely placed black ringlet. Reniform prominent, large, indistinctly closed outwardly, with an interior brown shade and with its annulus very distinct and black inwardly and inferiorly where it descends below vein 3 and is here surrounded by the diffuse brown shade which extends largely over the median nervules. This black marginal line of the reniform does not enclose the spot but, fol- lowed by an inner pale shade, runs upwardly to vein 5, beyond the cell, and is continued straightly outwardly, giving the spot an uncinate appearance or that of a mark of interrogation. T. p. line nearly lost, indicated by little points, visible against the cinereous costal shading. A black streak below m. nervure at the base of the wing. A series of black interspaceal subterminal dashes and whitish dentated shades border the veins terminally, becoming pointed at the fringes which they interrupt with pale dots. Beneath, pale, powdered with carneous, with faint discal dots and diffuse but little darker borders in the male, hardly expressed on the paler hind wing. No distinct common subterminal line. Hind wings above testaceous fuscous, with broad diffuse darker borders and reduced dot. Thorax cinereous, with an attenuate median and an upper marginal line on the collar. Guen6e says : " Une seule ligne noire, fine, sur le collier."

Expanse, 32 to 35 m. m. Iluhitat, New York; Pennsylvania.

The sexes do not, perhaps, differ, but there is a variation in the distinctness of the marginal shades on the fore wings.

The species described below are to be distinguished at once from our only one hitherto noticed, by the shape of the reniform spot which is, so to speak, reversed in appearance, has not the outward inferior prolongation but an upward and inward V-shaped exten- sion. Beneath there is less carneous shading, no or little trace of bordering bands, but a single continued finely uiidulafe subterminal line crosses both pair of wings and is emphasized uii tlie veins by darker dots.

84

Cloantlia evictaj Orote, Plate 2, fig. 18, primary wing.

5 . — ^Color of the preceding but without the brown shading over m. ncrvules or the paler subcostal shade. More uniformly gray, shaded with pale testaceous brownish, with all the transverse markings more distinct. The geminate transverse posterior line is well expressed by a subcontinuous inner dark line and a succeeding pale shade. The veins are picked out by dark scales. A basal whitish subcostal fleck and black submedian streak. Ordinary lines marked on costal edge. T, a. line discernible, outwardly oblique, approximating to t. p. line toward internal margin. Reniform testaceous with faint marginal line, with an upward and inward extension which may be the fusion of the orbicular but which gives the appearance of a large compound spot notched superiorly. Terminal space testaceous brownish, interrupted by longitudinal pale dashes on either side of vein 3. A terminal dark line forming inter- spaceal cuneiform marks. Secondaries much as in ramosula; the veins are marked with darker scales and the common line of the under-surface is here reflected. Beneath whitish gray of a warm tint, powdered sparsely with dark scales ; no borders but distinct discal dots and finely dentate continued subter- minal line on both wings. Collar whitish gray, without middle line, but with an upper marginal distinct black line which separates the darker discolorous tegulae.

Expanse, 32 m. m. Habitat, New York State.

In both this and the succeeding species the head is larger, the eyes more prominent, and the palpi longer than in C. ramosula.

Cloantlia Tomeriiiaj Orote, Plate 2, fig. 17, primary wing.

3 . — This is best described comparatively. There are no traces, or these are but extremely illegible, of the transverse lines ; their absence gives the fore wings a resemblance to those of C. ramosula. The reniform spot is shaped as in C. evicta, but very distinct, owing to its being distinctly black margined. The whitish sub-costal fleck of C. evicta is here more diffuse and extended and touches the shoulder of the thorax. A heavy difTuse brown black shade extends over all the inferior portion of the wing, outwardly running obliquely upwardly to apex and covering terminal space. White linear shadings along veins 3 and 4 on terminal space, and thus a tendency to have these pale shadings accompany all the nervules is exposed, but in both the new species these shadings Tu.n parallel with the veins. Collar pale without median line but with an upper marginal line against the blackish tegulae. On the front, before the antennal insertion, I notice a gathering of the scales into two slight lateral black tufts, not apparent in C. evicta. Beneath much as in G. evicta; the palpi outwardly are blackish.

Eypanse, 3G m. in. Ifabilat, New York State.

85

Appears to be a larger species than the others, and at first sigl)t to differ strongly. It is, however, very nearly allied to C. evicta, but I know of no parallel in the genus that would excuse the reference of both under one name.

Litogiiatliaj^ ' n. g.

Ocelli. Head with the scales extended tuftedly forwards on the vertex between the antennae. Male antennae with strongly setose pectinations aa well as bristles on either side of the antennal stem ; along the basal third tlie pectinations are reduced, and subobsolete on the inside, somewhat gradu- ally becoming more apparent towards a point about one third from the base, where they seem to be massed, giving the stem a tufted or thickened appear- ance at this point ; thus the antennae differ from the simply bristled structure presented in Pityolita. Labial pulpi very long and compressed with appressed squamation. Second joint nearly as long as in Philometra, but more bent ; third joint very long, about half as long as the second. Male fore legs with slender curved tibiae and a sparse brush of long hair. [The appearance of the fore legs reminds me of the representation by Poey of Mastigophora.] Abdomen linear, notably long, exceeding the hind wings by about a fourth of its length. Female antennae simple, the setal hairs obsolete over the basal portion of the stem, impectinate, without nodosity ; palpi a little shorter and more curved than in the opposite sex.

One of the genera allied to Zanclognatha. In the type, L. nubil- ifascia, the form of the transverse posterior line is unusual. Both the species I here include are slight and L. litophora reminds me strongly of Pityolita in ornamentation, but may be readily sepa- rated on structural characters. As yet I have been unable to make neurational examinations.

Litognatha nubili fascia, Grote, Plate 2, Fig. 3 <? , $2.

Gray dusted with olivaceous, paler than Pityolita pedipillalis. Transverse anterior line indistinct. Reniform indicated by dots at extremity of cell. Transverse posterior line oblique, a little uneven, not projected opposite the cell as usual, but very slightly outwardly inflected at costa and preceded by a distinct, diffuse olivaceous shade and marked outwardly by a pale line. Subtcrmiual line equally, and thus unusually distinct, similar to the t. p. line in appearance, less oblique. A narrow, distinct, continued marginal line. Secondaries a little paler than primaries with the outer lines of the primaries

' + (Jr. : 7iro<; et ) ivn'^of.

86

here continued. Beneath, with the lines repeated, on secondaries a discal dot. A 5 primary wing measures 12 m. m. along costa.

Habitat, Philadelphia; Buffalo, Oleau, Albauy, N. Y. (3G29, coll. Lintner).

The imago flies in June and July in company with Philometra on low grounds in herbage. Fresh specimens are deeper colored, as the active moth readily loses its scales by attrition.

Litognatha litophora, Orote.

3 ? . — Of the usual pale gray color, but powdered with brown scales, not olivaceous, as in Pityolita or ochraceous as is more usual in Zanclognatha. The transverse posterior line has the same shape as in Pityolita, but it is dark irown, and is continued with nearly the same distinctness across the secondaries which are concolorous. Subterminal shade faint on both wings. Terminal line very distinct, dark brown, fine and subcontinuous. Fringes soiled with brownish. Beneath, the wings are darker than above. The t. p. line is reproduced with great distinctness across both wings. A primary wing measures 12 m. m. along the costal edge.

Hahitat, Philadelphia; Albany ( 5 , 2535, Lintner legit).

Meghypena, n. g.

Ocelli. Labial palpi very long, as long as the thorax ; third joint small, porrected, second very long, a little excavate beneath, projected straightly forwards. Primaries wide, swelled at the shoulder, depressed medially, rising to the acute apices below which the external margin recedes, rising again opposite the median nervules ; internal margin straight.

This genus differs from Macrhyjiena in the much longer palpi and acute apices of the primaries. The Avings are unusually ample yet proportionate, hence differing from Plathypena with its wide secondaries and narrow primaries. The propinquity of the median lines is noticeable. The species are recognisable from the irrorate character of the ornamentation. Beneath, on the secondaries, this is quite noticeable, the discontinued darker streaklets reminding us of some Geometridae quite strongly. My material is limited to single specimens of either species.

87

Meglijpeiin vellfcni, Orote, plate 2, fig 7 $ .

The ground color, which obtains over the basal and terminal fielda of the fore wings, ia pale ochrey, covered with dark etrigae as in the Geometrid genus Endropia. These marks are visible all along the costa. On the internal mar- gin at extreme base the wing shows a dark shade. The first of the median lines is outwardly acutely projected on the median nervure, below which it runs evenly inwardly to internal margin. Above that point it runs inversely to costa, being inwardly dentate below costal nervure. The median space is purply blackish with the ordinary spots black and distinct. The median lines show accompanying deep brownish shades on the median space that meet centrally below the median nervure. Outer median line even, like the inner lino in appearance, bent at median nervure and running inwardly below it to internal margin. Subterminal line consisting of an undulating series of clouded blackish spots tipped outwardly by white scales. A large diffuse brown shade lies on external margin below the apices, obliquely margined superiorly. Terminal line dark, interrupted. Hind wings fuscous, without iharkiugs, with a dark suboontinuous terminal line, and with the discal mark and strigae of the uuder-surface reflected ; fringes stained with ochreous. A primary wing measures 20 m. m. along the costa.

Habitat, Sharon Springs, N. Y. (0. Meske coll.)

Meghypeiia leiitiginosa, Orote.

i . — Resembles the preceding species strongly in ornamentation but not in color. The primaries are fuscous, but little darker than the secondaries. The median space does not contrast, but dark brown shades line the median lines and extend centrally below the median nervure as in M. velifera. The ordinary spots have the same representation. None of the usual markings contrast on the primaries in this duller-hued species which seems to exceed M. velifera in size, while agreeing with it in the details of the ornamentation, and especially that, on the fore wings beneath, the simple more prominent black dot followed by whitish scales, below the costa, and which inaugurates the obsolete subterminal line, is quite evident. Bearing in mind the varia- bility of Zanclognatha laevigata, Grote, and Eenia discoloralis, Giienee, the union of the two species I here declare seems probable, and yet the effect produced on my mind by the specimens I have now under consideration, is that of having to do with two distinct species. It seems unlikely that the bright-hued M. velifera with the pale ochrey ground color of the primaries should be specifically identical with the sombre-hued M. lentiginosa, which recalls in appearance the species of Macrhypena. A primary wing of M. lent- iginosa measures 22 m. m. along the costal region.

Habitat, Albany, N. Y. (2339, coll. Lintner).

88

Family OEOMETRIDAE.

Fidouia fimetariaj Qrote aud Eobinson.

Fidonia fimetaria, G. & R., Trans. Am. Ent., Soc. Vol. 3, p. 181, Plate 2, figs. 84-85 3 , 86 ? , 1870.

Fidonia halesaria, Zeller, Beitr. z. Kennt. nordam, Naclitf., erste Abth. p. 43 (488) 1873.

Tliis species is from Texas, and represents, as we stated, the European Fidonia fiisciolaria in our Fauna. Our comparative remarks are so accurately repeated in the course of Professor Zel- ler's full descrijition, that it is to be regretted the Professor had evidently not seen our illustration of the North American species.

I am indebted to Professor Hageu, of Cambridge, for a copy of the first part of Professor Zeller's writings on North American Moths, received by me while engaged on the present article.

Family PYRALIDAE.

Botis iiitimacnia.

Asopia unimactda, G. &. R., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. 1, p. 14, Plate 3, fig. 8.

Hahitat, Brewsters, N. Y. (coll. C. T. Eobinson). I am inclined to refer this species to the present genus, and to place it near Botis plectilis, Grote and Robinson. I accept Professor Zeller's corrected Avriting of the generic name.

Botis badipenuis, Grote, Plate 2, fig. 13 $ .

3 $ . — Palpi ratlicr long and narrow, projected, a little dependent, not por- rected. Chestnut brown, varying in depth of tint. Ornamentation simple. On the primaries there is a continued blackish slightly arcuate transverse anterior line, distinct, slightly notched before internal margin, and more deeply inwardly on costa where the line is narrower. A large diifuse blackish stain suffuses the discal reniform spot, extending downwards below median nervure.

Transverse posterior line blackish, well removed towards external margin leaving the middle field of the wing wide. It differs by running nearly straightly downwards from its inception wliich takes place nearer the apices than usual. It is minutely undulate or subdentate to vein 2, below which it is inwardly arcuate, and nearly even to internal margin. A very fine continuous line margins the wing. Fringes concolorous. Secondaries paler, somewhat testaceous, clouded faintly centrally with blackish. A single continued narrow blackish line, continuous with the transverse posterior line of the primaries, crosses the wing. It is minutely undulate and becomes irregularly rivulous inferiorly. The external margin and fringes are more or less stained with light brown, and colored like the fore wings. A similar fine marginal line borders the wing. Body parts concolorous with primaries. Beneath a little paler and duller tinted. A faint discal streak on primaries^ none apparent on the hind wings. A common exterior distinct blackish transverse line, which, on the hind wings, is better marked, and not so irreg- ularly rivulous inferiorly as its analogue on the upper surface.

Expanse, 22 to 24 m. m. Habitat, Maine ; White Mountains, New Hampshire (coll. Prof. A. S. Packard, Jr.).

Eurycreou cliortalis, Orote, Plate 5, fig. 13 3 .

,? 2 . — Head with a frontal projection. Palpi short. Fore wings with the costal edge somewhat convex and with the apices depressedly acuminate. Pale testaceous much shaded with gray, varying in depth of tint and dis- tinctness of markings. Fore wings testaceous, dusted with gray. The veins marked with dusky scales colored like the lines. Discal dots and two inner transverse lines difficult to make out. Transverse posterior line evident, acutely dentate on interspaces, continued. Subterminal line similar but more even and equally apparent, becoming a little diffuse at apices. A nar- row terminal line. Fringes concolorous, with dark lines, of which the inner is sometimes interru])t<'d. Hind wings white, with a more or less continued and expressed blackish transverse line running at variance with the more distinct diffuse black serrulate subterminal band which widens to apices and becomes narrow and obliterate toward anal angle. The narrow terminal space between this band and the margin is stained with testaceous ; a continued terminal line. Fringes whitish outwardly, dark near the wing, with the inner line apparent. Both the apices of the fore and hind wings are, in one specimen, touched with ochreous. Beneath more dusky, but like upper surface, all the markings are repeated, veins dusky ; on liind wings there is a discal liture, and the inner transverse line is seen to run inwardly opposite the discal streak. The wings are suboi)alescent and diajihanous.

nUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. (12) jri.T, 1S7.'j.

90

Body concolorous ; apparently the caputal squamation is subochreous ; abdo- men wliitisli above, more dusky beneath ; legs dusky inwardly.

Expanse 24 to 26, m. m. Ilahitat, Albany, N. Y. (coll. J. A. Lintner) ; Mass. in May (coll. Prof. K, S. Packard, Jr.) ; Alabama (Grote legit.).

Family TORTRICIDAE.

Phaecasiopliora,'^ n. g.

Differs from any known Tortricidian genus by the structnre of the male hind tibiae. In Penthina the tibiae have a tuft of hairs lying in a depression on the surface of the joint. In Phaecasiophora the joint is covered with long and coarse scales standing out from it- and, in imitahilana, from their white color, giving the tibiae the appearance of being wrapped in wool or cotton (Plate 2, fig. 6). The form is robust, the abdomen notably long. The palpi are porrect, coarsely scaled, with small third joint. The pri- maries are rather broad with iiarallcl margins, 12-veined, all the veins separate (Plate 2, fig. ha). Hind wings 8-veined, cell closed by an aborted veinlet, 3 and 4 from one point, 5 immediately ap- proximate (Plate 2, fig. bh).

Pliaecasiopliora mutabilana. Plate 2, fig. 4 9 , 5 neuration, 6 $ hind leg.

Sericoris mutahilmia, Clemens, Proc. E. S. Phil., Vol. 5, p. 135 (18G5).

S 5 . — Variable in color, either wood-brown or of an ochrey reddish tint. Primaries crossed by three darker, broad, bent, sinuously edged bands not attaining internal margin, with paler interspaces medially traversed by darker shade lines. On the middle band at its outer edge, about the extremity of the cell, is an ill defined whitish spot. Between the middle and outer dark bands

** Gr.: (patKaaiov et (pipa. Kraftig gebaut mit verhaltnissmassig langem starkem Hinter- leib. Von alien mir bokannten CJattiingen diesev Zunft durch die im mannlichen Geschlechte grob, lang and lierauf beschuppten Hinterscliienen verschieden (Tafel 2, fig. 6). Durcb die weisse Farbe orscbeinon die Uintcrscbieneii bei mutubi/ana i wie mit W^olle unbuilt. Vorder- fliigel brcit mit kauni bervortretender Spitze und Pentbinen— artigen Zeichnung, auf dem Mittelfelde ein weislicher Punkt; 12 Rippen, alle gesondert, 3 und 4 nicbt aus einen Punkte entspringend,Theilungs Rippe unvollkommon (Tafel 2, fig. ."ia). Rinterlliigcl mit glcich niassig langun Franson ; 8 Rippen, 3 und 4 aus eincm I'unkte, 5 glejch dahinler ; Tbcilungs Kippe fadeu- formig, aber fortgesetzt (Tafel 2, flg. .56).

91

the narrower interspace is Y-shaped towards internal angle, enclosing by the inverted limbs a dark spot. A series of costal ante-apical dark dots. Tlic obrKjue outer band encloses a paler ill defined space on external margin above the angle. Hind wings dark fuscous with pale fringes. Beneath paler, with the central portion of the fore wings fuscous.

IIaM(ai,'Ne^Y York; Pennsylvania; Virginia.

Pliaocasiophora ? niveiguttaiia, Grote. Plate 3, fig. 15 ? primary wing.

Although I only know the female of this species, there seems but little doubt that it belongs here, since it agrees in all apparent characters with mutahilana 9 • The ornamentation is so similar that it is best described com- paratively. Bright ochreous, the darker markings reddish brown. The darker bands are more attenuate, sinuous, defined by blackish scales, distinct. Two blackish streaks at the base of the wing are quite evident, whereas in mutdbilana there are but faint indications of their presence. The shape of the external margin of the first transverse band is diiFerent ; it is acutely projected about the subcostal nervure, lunulate beneath. The white discal spot on the middle band is clear, distinct and defined ; there is a black dot (on the succeeding pale interspace) which, owing to the outward angulation of the middle band where it encloses the white discal spot, appears above this latter on the costal region. The outer band is like an inverted Y, owing to its nar- rower shape, and the limba being more distinctly expressed by the greater extent of the pale spot on external margin above the angle which they enclose. Costal pale and dark dots distinct and evident. Diflers notably from mutahilana by the presence of two white apical streaks, the one, shorter, before the apex, the other longer, below it and attaining the extremity of the upper limb of the Y-shaped outer band on external margin. Hind wings fuscous. Beneath both pair are pale fuscous, darker than in mutabilaiia, with distinct costal striations.

Hahitat, Pennsylvania,

Penthiua Blakeana, Bobinson, Plate 2, fig. 8, primary wing.

Head and thorax brownish ; primaries with a large brown basal patch, much as in fasciatana {Clemens), from which this species differs by the twice broader whitish succeeding interspace which has a faint pink hue, and by its width narrows the median dark brown oblique continuous band of the wing which is toothed outwardly at the center. Costal points distinct ; the apical darker shading is reduced and limited by a curved shade line. Hind wings fuscous with pale fringes. Fore wings with the fringes tipped with dark scales to about the middle of external margin.

Habitat, Pennsylvania (C. A. Blaki').

92

Penthina matutina; Orote, Plate 2, fig. 9, primary wing.

White. Head and thorax whitish. Primaries whitish with scattered dark scales ; basal patch incomplete superiorly about the middle of the wing, with scattered dark costal scales. Middle brownish band continued with distinct edges marked by blackish scales. The succeeding whitish underspace is con- tracted medially by the more diffuse apical clouding which extends beyond the curved line. Costal marks minute. Beneath fuscous with whitish costal edge and more distinct regularly divaricate dark streaks.

Habitat, Texas {Belfrage, ^'/^).

I have only a single specimen in which the secondaries are defec- tive, biit the species is quite distinct from Blakeana, which it resembles.

Penthina toreuta, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 10, $, .

I refer this very distinctly marked and easily distinguished species with gome heoitation to the present genus. Uniformly dark silky wood brovvu. The primaries are crossed centrally by two parallel slightly arcuate livid raised metallic lines. Three costo-apical pale dots supported by metallic drops, the tliird surmounting the narrower metallic terminal line which is interrupted on subniediau interspace ; fringes burnished. Under the glass the squamation is seen to consist of dark scales with paler overlying tips. Hind wings fuscous with pale fringes. Beneath paler, silky; fore wings with an ochreous stain, pale costal streaks and a faint even pale terminal shade on the margin fol- lowed by a dark hair line.

Hahitat, Pennsylvania.

(xrapholitlia distema, Qrotc

A tiny blackish silky species resembling the European compositella, but with only two white lines on the internal margin of the primaries. Eight white costal marks disposed in pairs, crowded towards the black apices and becoming straighter and shorter ; the first pair more oblique and divaricate. A silvery subterminal streak runs from opposite the cell over the median nervules tapering to internal angle. Secondaries fuscous with pale fringes. Beneath iridescent, greenish in certain lights, with minute white costal dots over the outer half of the wing. Body scales beneath whitish.

Ilahitat, New York ; Pennsylvania.

93

Family TINEIDAE.

Oeta g-cmmata, Grote.

Among a collection of Lepidoptera received by the American Entomological Society from Professor Poey, of Havana., and which collection has been the subject of several papers" in the Proceedings of that Society, is a specimen in excellent conservation, bearing the number 821, and belonging to the genus Oeta, Grote. This little moth is of a most brilliant golden orange, and the markings of the fore wings are similar to those of our United States Oeta compta Clemens sp. ( = Deiopeia aurea Fitch, as suggested, probably correctly, by Mr. Stretch). It is one-third smaller than our species. There are, as usual, four bands composed of white dots on a blackish ground, but here the dots are smaller and linear, appearing as inter- rupted streaks and allowing the darker ground color of the bands to obtain. But the bands themselves are narrower in 0. gemmata, so that the golden appearance of the wings is much less interrupted than in 0. compta. The third band is furcate before costa, while the fourth, covering internal angle, is not connected with the outer limb of the apical furcation, as in 0. compta. The hind wings are smoky hyaline, becoming darker exteriorly. The smoky abdomen has a bluish reflection. The legs, palpi and face are dark with white points. The basal joint of the fore legs is golden outwardly. Altogether, this is a narrower insect that 0. compta, and very evi- dently a smaller species. The Cuban specimen expands 23 m. m., while the fore wings at their greatest breadth near the external mar- .gin measure 3 millemetres.

Professor Zeller characterizes Oeta punctella {Cramer) compara- tively with 0. compta, in the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, p. 178, 1871. Cramer describes his species from Surinam, while Pro- fessor Zeller seems to hesitate to regard his So. American specimens as belonging to a distinct species from our United States 0. compta.

>6 Gro^«— Notes on the Sphingidae of Cuba, Proc. E. S. Phil., Vol. 5, pp. 33-84. 1805; Notes on the Bombycidae of Cuba, id., pp. 227-255; Notes on the Zygaenidao of Cuba, id.. Vol. f>, pp. 173-189, and pp. 297-334, 1806-7; List of the Sphingidae, Aegeriadae, Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of Cuba, Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, Vol. 3, pp. 183-188, October, 1870.

94

The Professor has not compared Cramer's figure, which seems to me to bear out the Professor's description in having much less yellow and being blacker on the primaries. Wliile Cramer's figure but indif- ferently recalls 0. compta, it cannot possibly represent 0. gemmata. Had Cramer drawn our new Cuban species we might expect a splash of gold color to have represented the fore wings instead of the dark dotted appearance of these in the figure of 0. punctella, judging from his known rough manner of illustration. But we probably have to do with three species, whereof 0. compta from North, is a near ally of 0. punctella from South America, wliile our insular 0. gemmata is far prettier, smaller and brighter than either.

9;

VII. A Study of North American Noctuidae

BY AUO. R. GROTE. [Head before this Society, July 2d, 1873.]

In fho present Piipcr I have continued my observations on the North Amei-ican Noctuidae, preliminary to tlie publication of a List of the species Tipon which I have been for some time at Avork. The species, referred by M. Guenee to Iladena and Mamestra, I have now examined for the first time, with a view of testing the generic determinations of the celebrated French entomologist. I have found on a near study, that these species are not generically separable on the characters laid down in the 8])ecies General, and Avhy certain of the species are in tliat work referred to Mamestra instead of Hadena, or the reverse, I have been unable to understand.

I have then changed a number of M. Gueuee's generic determina- tions and have suppressed certain genera where I have become sat- isfied that the distinctions are not valid. It is difficult for the American student at first to study this Group without the preju- dices he involuntarily entertains from the works of those English and French authors, in which alone he finds our species described. It is impossible to arrive at any critical views on tlie subject withont a study of certain German authorities, with whose generic concep- tions, but more especially with whose manner of zoological thought, we have not been sufficiently familiar. It will be of no use to attempt to write upon our Moths, without a study of the writings of Lederer, Zeller and Ilerrich-SchaefFer. To the latter we owe an appreciation of the characters offered by the venation and its cor- rect terminology; to the former the most conscientious and strict classification that has yet been offered to the student.'

' The student is also referred to the Annales de la Societ6 Entomologique Beige, for a number of praiseworthy observations on the Moths, as well as to Dr. Speyer's work on the geograph- ical distribution of the Lepidoptera of Germany and Switzerland. The former Society had the honor of printing Lcderer's last coniinunication, "Contributions a la Faune dcs LtJpidoplcres do la Transcaucasie." I need not say tliat tlie Wiener Entomologischc Slonatschrift is to the student of to-day what the Wiener Verzeichuiss was to the student of the last century, nor that every word written by Lederer will make itself remembered.

96

I take the present occasion of thanking Mr. Theo. L. Mead, of New York, who has sent me a collection of Noctnidae for study; in the present Paper I describe several new species he has taken in Colorado. To Mr. J. A. Lintncr, of the State Museum, I am under renewed obligations for the loan of material.

Ag:rotis aiixiliarisj Orote.

3. — Abdomen flattened; fore tibiae spinose; form elongate; habitus recalling the European yellow-winged species. Fore wings with distinct ornamentation. Cinereous along the costal region and subterminal space ; blackish, shaded with carneous on the median and basal spaces. Basal half-line followed and preceded by determinate black shades; t. a. line distinctly geminate, outer line marked with black ; a faint carneous shade over basal space inferiorly ; claviform wide, distinctly margined inferiorly, from its extremity to sub- terminal line a rigid carneous shade borders vein 2 superiorly ; orbicular cinereous, decumbent, irregularly oval ; reniform large, of the usual shape, touching the gray costal region* above ; with an attenuated inner darker annulus, followed by a faint carneous streak ; t. p. line regular, even, formed by slight black lunulate marks ; subterminal line irregular, marked within by two black cuneiform spots opposite the cell and others precede the line inferiorly ; terminal space dark, narrow ; terminal line continuous, black, slightly interspaceally lunulate ; fringes fuscous, with an internal pale line. Ilind wings smoky, deepening in tint to external margin, without marks, sub- iridescent ; fringes whitish, fuscous at base with a darker line. Beneath, a tuft of testaceous hair at base on median vein of primaries ; both pair pale, subirrorate, with a rather distinct common darker shaded line and discal dots. Body ashen, collar lined, abdomen with the anal and lateral hairs stained subcarneously.

ExiKnue, 45 ni. in. Habit at, Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 57).

AgTotis repent iSj Grote and Robinson.

The transverse posterior line is regular, formed by little black lunulate marks, which extend outwardly along the veins to the outer component line which is sometimes wanting, but occasionally appears as an even distinct shade. Median shade sometimes distinct and ditfuse, again, as in the Colorado specimen, improminent. Fore tibiae sjiinose.

Hahitat. Allantic District; Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 33).

97

Agrotis balanitis, Grote, Plate 3, fig. 14, 9 .

2 . — Resembles repentis in general appearance, color, and size ; fore wings a little darker with a pale costal reflection ; ordinary lines blackish, perpendicular ; t. a. with the outer component line black, dentate ; orbicular, moderate, a little pointed outwardly ; reniform incomplete, both spots concolorous, with narrow black annuli and pale gray inner edging. Median shade apparent on the median space below the nervure. T. p. line irregular, incompletely geminate, unevenly dentate, running inwardly below median nervure, and hence differ- ing from repentis, where it is even, nearly perpendicular, and does not run in interiorly. Subterminal line much as in repentis, preceded by a dark shade. Terminal line broken into dots ; fringes concolorous ; hind wings pale smoky, without marks or border ; fringes whitish, with a faint interior line. Beneath, pale, with discal dots, and a common transverse line broken into nervular marks on the hind wings.

Bxjmnse, 40 m. m. Habitat, Colorado Territory (coll. Tlieo. L. Mead, No. 34).

This species offers a resemblance to Lycarum H.-S., fig. 122. Beneath, the abdomen, in A. balanitis, is laterally marked by a stig- matal black line.

Agrotis atrifrons, Orote.

$ . — Antennae simple, scaled, ciliate, with scattered hairs, not bristled beneath ; ocelli ; eyes naked ; spurs short on middle and hind tibiae ; fore tibiae spinose. Head Avith pale supra-caputal vestiture projected between the antennae ; the clypeal scales are black and contrasting. Collar with a black line. Thorax above ashen. Fore wings ashen shaded with reddish brown ; ornamentation simple. Transverse lines narrow, black, single, con- tinued, t. p. line narrowly lunulate. Nervules marked terminally with dark scales. No trace of the ordinary spots. Median vein at base marked with blackish scales. The wing is shaded at base, above and below the m. nervure, with reddish ; again diffusely over the discal cell, ^.nd less obviously on the median space below the median nervure. Subterminal space dark, shaded with reddish brown, and bringing the subterminal line into relief by its contrast with the purely pale ashen terminal space. Hind wings white, smoky along the hind border, and the veins are also marked ; fringes white, with a faint smoky interior line. Beneath whitish, costal region of hind wings irrorate, no discal dots on either surface ; the primaries show a faint discal dot, and there is a common blackish exterior line distinctly marked on costal

BIIL. BDF. SOC. NAT. SCI. (13) JULY, 1873.

98

region, discontinued below the dusty margin of tlie hind wings. Labial palpi dark, third joint concealed.

Expanse, 35 m. m. Habitat, Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 32).

Agrotis mimallonisj Orote.

S . — Ocelli ; antennae long, bristled beneath (borstenformig), tapering ; eyes naked ; head and thorax tliickly haired, caputal squamation directed forwards between the antennae ; all the tibiae spinose ; middle and hind tibiae spurred. Head, thorax and fore wings dull purple red. Primaries with simple orna- mentation. Transverse lines obsoletely geminate, blackish. T. a. line twice slightly waved to vein 1, below which it is outwardly projected to the margin. Orbicular with a blackish central dot alone apparent. Eeniform with a luni- form blackish central shade which is alone noticeable. The transverse lines are marked by black scales on costal region. T. p. line with its inner line alone distinct, this is narrow, continued, equally distinct throughout its length, but little projected, regularly lunulate, blackish. Subterminal line pale, indistinct, near the margin. Ante-apical pale costal dots. Blackish scales about the veins on the terminal space ; terminal line subobsolete ; fringes concolorous. Hind wings pure white, dusted a little apically with ashen scales and a faint ashen terminal line ; fringes white with a faint middle line more apparent apically. Beneath, the hind wings are white, with a discal dot, and determinately powdered with purple and ashen scales over costal region. Fore wings fuscous centrally, with the costal region and terminal margin purplish ; a faint discal dot and two exterior darker shade lines. Feet and tibiae fuscous, dotted with pale marks ; femora and thorax beneath thickly haired, purple-red. Thorax above without crests. Abdomen pale, somewhat ochreous, stained laterally and at the anus with purplish, somewhat flattened, uutufted.

Expa7ise, 38 m. m. Habitat, New York (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 117).

Agrotis fumalisj Orote.

(, . — Ocelli ; eyes naked ; antennae long, bristled beneath, tapering ; middle and hind tibiae spurred ; all the tibiae spinose. Habit and ornamentation of violaris. Dusky ashen ; ornamentation simple. Fore wings with the blackish t. a. line nearly jierpendicular, very slightly lunated and notched on the cell. Median shade and orbicular obsolete, lleniforra a lunated blackish stain. T. p. line even, continued, a little roundedly exerted opposite the cell, resembling that of repentis in appearance, formed of regular small lunulations with the black-

99

ish scaloa running outwardly to where the outer component line would bo if it were present. Subtenninal line faint, merely indicated by the paler terminal space, preceded by a darker shading which forms a determinate blackish costal shade before the line. A pale line at base of the dusky fringes. Hind wings dusky, a little paler and semi-hyaline at base, nearly like the primaries in tint, with no determinate border or discal mark save by reflection from the under- Burface. Fringes with a pale basal lino. Beneath paler, more whitish ; luni- form discal mark on hind wings distinct, black, fainter on fore wings. A com- mon exterior darker shade line with faint traces of a subterminal shade. Head and thorax dusky ashen ; abdomen concolorous with hind wing. Feet and tibiae blackish, pale dotted.

Expanse, 40 m. m. Ilahifat, New York (coll. Tlieo. L. Mead, No. 130).

Agrotis 4-dentataj Orote and Robinson.

Habitat, Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. G3 5 ).

Agrotis subfjotliica, Haicorth.

Agrotis jaculifera, Guenfie, p. 2G3, Plate 5, fig. 4.

Habitat, Atlantic District; Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 62).

Agrotis herilis, Orote.

Agrotis jaculifera, Guenee vars. A. & B. p. 263.

i $ . — Resembles the foregoing so that a comparative description will best distinguish it. Larger than suhgothicn, of a purplish black color, and hence much darker than suhgothica, with which it coincides in the ornamentation of the primaries above. The t. a. line below the median nervure is more outwardly rounded, less perpendicular ; the prominent claviform is shorter. The ordinary spots are similar in the two species, but the reniform is discolorous in suhgothica, stained with ochreous, with a distinct internal ring, whereas the internal ring is feebly marked and the spot is simply pale carneous, like the orbicular and the pale nervular squamation, in herilis. The t. p. line is more distinct and black in the new species. Hind wings smoky blackish, deepening in color terminally, not pale with a hind border as in suhgothica. On the fore wings above there is a notable contrast between the paler subterminal space and the extended paler marginings to veins 3 and 4 in suhgothica, and the obscurely carneous coloration of the same parts in the new species, which latter wants the decided prolongation of pale scales along the inferior veins.

Expanse, 38 to 43 m. m. Habitat, Atlantic District ; of common occurrence. T have taken this species in Central Alahanui.

100

This is the Agrotis subgothica of American Agricultural Publica- toins, such as the 1st Missouri Report, page 82, fig. 29. It is not the Agrotis subgothica of English writers, which is A. jaculifera Guenee. Stephen's figure of Agrotis subgothica, Plate 22, fig. 3, and descrip- tion, page 126, Haust. II, is decisive. The peculiar discoloration of the reniform spot distinguishes A. jaculifera, and the paler hind wings, greater extent of pallid shades on the fore wings and smaller size are characteristic and are all well rendered by Stephen's illus- tration. When I was in France, M. Guenee stated to me that he had discovered the fact, that his Agrotis jaculifera was the same as the Agrotis subgothica of English writers, and also that he believed that the form now described as Agrotis herilis was a dis- tinct species ; the latter contrary to the statement made in the Species General. Agrotis subgothica is figured on Plate 1, fig. 11, in the 1st Missouri Report correctly, but under its synonym of Agrotis jaculifera, which latter name I retained for the species in determining the Noctuidae of the collection of the American Entomological Society, whence Mr. Riley received his determination. I was not then able to examine the English authors, who first noticed our species from specimens accidentally introduced into their country. Mr. Riley's figures of A. herilis, above cited, have been copied, with the erroneous determination, by Eastern writers.

Agrotis sexatilisj Orote.

5 ? . — Ocelli ; eyes naked ; all the tibiae spinose ; middle tibiae witli one, hind tibiae with two pair of spurs; 3 antennae bristled, ? simple, oviduct slightly produced. Ornamentation typical, in color like A. plecta, than which this is a larger species. Costal edge broadly whitish in i , ashen in 2 , ordinary spots very large, separated, preceded and followed by black scales, variable in tint. Median lines black, tolerably distinct. Internal margin, from the base of the wing to transverse posterior line, broadly and diffusely shaded with blackish. Subterminal space broadly shaded with dull purple reddish, smooth; this tint spreads inwardly below vein 2 over the median space to the prominent black-edged claviform spot. Subterminal line improminent. A narrow terminal black line interspaceally accentuated. Hind wings dark fuscous, without border or spot in 5 ; whitish with smoky posterior shading in 5 . Beneath dusky, with very faint traces of a common line and discal spots. Fringes of the hind wings above whitish with an interior dusky line.

101

Expanse, 3Q to 38, m. m. Ilalntat, New York; Colorado Ter- ritory (coll. Thco. L. Mead, No. GG).

DiflFers from Gnenee's description of N. oclirogaster by tlic black isli collar and the median nervure not being white; the ter- minal line on the primaries is succeeded by an even pale line, the base of the dark fringes. The hind wings have no terminal series of rounded dots. It is, I think, nearer allied to A. herilis and A. subgothica.

Ufeus, n. g.

Ocelli. Eyes very small, naked, with lashes. Head comparatively small and sunken. Maxillae weak and comparatively short. Labial palpi short, apical joint undistiuguishable by reason of the long and coarse hairy vestiture. Middle and hind tibiae spinose ; fore tibiae unarmed, with a slight tuft at the middle of the joint ; tarsi thickly spined. $ Antennae simple, under the glass showing two pair of fine short bristles on each joint. Head and thorax thickly clothed with long hairs, recalling Euthisanotia, but here the thoracic vestiture is silky, longer and more appressed. Body flattened, recalling Orthosia ; sides of the abdomen with long hairs, and the anal segment is densely pilose. Armature of the legs weak and short ; hind tibiae with two pair, and middle tibiae with one terminal pair of aborted spurs. Legs coarsely fringed with long hair like that on the body beneath. The vestiture is unlike that of the 5 Leucania pseudargyria, not surrounding the joints. The genus appears related to Agrotis, and the type, U. satyricus, has a peculiar Blatta-like appearance from its flattened form, simple antennae, dark color, want of ornamentation, rather coarse and thin alar squamation, and rounded external margin of primaries with blunted apices.^

Ufeus satyricus, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 4, $ .

$ . — Dark dull wood brown, unicolorous. Tongue bright testaceous. Fore wings with a faint tracing of an irregular, diff'use, darker-shaded transverse 'anterior line. An undefined blackish mark takes the place of the reniform. Transverse posterior line a little more distinct than the t. a. line, nearly even, not much projected, perpendicular and slightly indented opposite the cell. The transverse lines have the effect of darker shadows thrown across the wing. No subterminal line. A series of interspaceal blackish terminal streaks of variable distinctness and length. Hind wings pale, somewhat dirty testa- ceous in hue, subhyaline, allowing the veins to be distinctly seen, without

2 In using Lederer's analytical table, thu uiitootlicd antennae will separate the present gouus from Aninioconia.

102

marks ; internal margin clothed with coarse hair. Beneath, the hind wings show a discal ovate blackish spot about the cross vein, and a very faint tracing of a subterminal band.

Expanse, 45 m. m. Hahitat, Canada (coll. AVm. Saunders, Feb- ruary) ; Albany, N. Y. (coll. J. A. Lintner, ViJ-

Ufeus plicatus, Oroie.

$ . — Smaller than U. satyricus. Body of the same flattened shape and color but the fore wings show a uniform, warm, faintly reddish tinge. T. a. line broken. Along the cell, above the median vein, is an interrupted black streak. Transverse posterior line black, comj^aratively very distinct, running outwardly and downwardly obliquely from costa, much and roundedly exerted opposite the cell and offering a distinguishing character by its course as com- pared with that of U. satyricus. It appears interspaceally lunulate from a short extension of the black scales upon the veins beyond the line. A series of fainter blackish interspaceal terminal streaks. All the markings are deter- minate, not reflected. Hind wings dull testaceous above, and, with the upper wings, beneath, absolutely without marks or lines of any kind.

Expanse 40 m. m. Habitat, Philadelphia.

I cannot regard these as sexes of the same species owing to the difference in the course and appearance of the transverse posterior line. These two species cannot be referred to Mythimna, which is restricted by Lederer to the European M. imbecilla. Apparently Mr. Walker's extension of the term to include Guenee's Leucania pseudargyria, etc., should not be followed.

Mamestra imbrifera.

Aplecta inibrifera, QuenSe, Hahitat, Atlantic District. The eyes are hairy.

Mamestra purpnrissata.

Eurois purpurissata, Grote.

HaMtat, Atlantic District. Represents the European M. tincta in our fauna.

Mamestra nimbosa.

Aplecta nimhosa, Quen6e. Hahitat, Atlantic District.

103

Mamestra latex.

A<plecta latex, Quen6e. Ilahitat, Atlantic District.

Mamestra grandis, Lederer.

JIadena grandis, Guen6e. Habitat, Atlantic District.

Mamestra Farnhami, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 2, 5 .

t, 2 . — Eyes hairy; fore tibiae unarmed; antennae simple, very shortly ciliatc beneath in 3 ; palpi porrect, with small projecting third article ; abdomen with moderate basal tufts. A little smaller than Mamestra grandis ; remarka- ble for the unusually sharply defined W-mark, the varied tints and the pale oblique streaked shade on median nervure below the ordinary spots, in which character it simulates Prodeiiia commelinae. The ground color of the fore wings is blackish with a dark green cast, and obtains over the median and terminal spaces. Subterminal space, median space along internal margin, and basal space before the t. a. line, pale reddish brown with a purple reflec- tion. T. a. line thrice waved, geminate, with pale internal shade ; basal half- line similar. Orbicular outwardly oblique, moderate, pale, with a dark shaded center, finely ringed with black. Reniform elongate, incompletely ringed, with an inner shaded annulus. T. p. line forming a single inward arcuation opposite the cell ; below vein 5 it runs straightly, interspaceally lunate, to internal margin. Subterminal line very distinct, pale, commencing with a pale yellowish apical patch and forming the usual W-shaped mark, the points closing on the extremities of veins 3 and 4, preceded on the subter- minal space by interspaceal dark dashes before which are pale scale points. Terminal line black ; fringes with a pale basal line and interrupted at the Extremity of the nervules with pale scales. Hind wings pale with blackish borders and discal mark ; veins marked with dark scales ; terminal line forming broken black interspaceal marks ; fringes pale subtestaceous. Be- neath pale, faintly reddish, powdered with dark scales and with a continued common extra discal line and partly annulate discal marks ; on primaries the pale subterminal line feebly reflected.

Expanse, 42 m. m. Habitat, Colorado Territory ( ? Mr. Jas. Eidings ; $ Mr. Theo. L. Mead, No. 45).

Named in memory of Charles Severance Farnliam, who died, May, 1862, at YorJctoion, in the service of his country, ami was one of the early Curators in this Society.

104

Mamestra brassicae {Linn.).

Habitat, New York. Our species does not seem to differ from the European.

Mamestra albifusa.

Hadena albifusa, Walker, p. 753.

Habitat, New York ; Nova Scotia.

Mamestra clienopodii (TT. V.).

Hadena chenopodii, Guenee.

Habitat, United States and Europe.

Diantlioecia meditata, Grote.

$ 9 . — Size moderate ; form compact ; $ antennae with the edges of the joints relieved and furnished with short cilial tufts ; ? abdomen pointed with extruded oviduct ; eyes hairy. Dark colored, fore wings uniformly dark with faded ornamentation. Fuscous with pearly mottlings caused by a sparse admixture of white scales over the thorax and primaries. Transverse lines perceivable by pale centerings. Basal half-line twice waved. T. a. line perpendicular, thrice waved. The wing is more or less tinged with rufous over the median space on which the ordinary spots are with difficulty to be perceived ; they are dark-circled, picked out by pale scales, concolorous. Above the reniform the t. p. line is incepted on costa by pale scales. The line is of the usual shape, slightly inwardly arcuate below median nervure, slightly lunulate. Three pale ante-apical costal dots. Terminal space nar row, paler than the rest of the wing ; fringes silky, dark. Hind wing unicol- orously dark fuscous ; fringes whitish with a dark line. Body parts concol- orous. Beneath a little paler, especially the hind wings, mottled with white scale points, with a common exterior line and discal dots.

Expanse, 30 m. m. Habitat, New York State (coll. B. S. N. S. ; J. A. Lintner ; Tlieo. L. Mead, No. 129).

This is an obscurely colored species very different from Dian- thoecia capsularis {Ra])liia propulsa, Walker), but sharing the structural features that separate the genus from Mamestra. It is the third described N. Am. species, unless others are described, under some other generic title, by Mr. Walker in the British Museum Lists. It may be remarked here that a condemnation of Mr. Walker for an occasional erroneous determination in the

105

moths, or a vague and useless diagnosis, would be without sufficient point. But the fact has become apparent that the whole 35 Parts of the British Museum Lists, when compared with the collections, contain such a mass of error, that in their present shape they are unavailable to the student. I have ever expressed myself as desir- ous of retaining all Mr. Walker's tenable names, but from the vague descriptions it will require independent testimony to identify his types, even those in the British Museum collection. It is incon- ceivable that the Authorities of the British Museum should have permitted the publication of these Lists, which could not be desired by science, since they are, for the most part, based upon M. Guenee's work, and merely add a large number of inferior descriptions to what we had before us iu a useful shape.

Oncocnemis Dayi, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 8.

i . — Eyes naked, strongly lashed ; tibiae all unarmed but with a stout claw at the extremity of the shorter anterior pair ; all the tarsi spinose ; head not retracted ; clypeus without prominence ; abdomen smooth, not tufted ; ornamentation Iladena-like ; antennae simple ; size moderate ; cor- poral vestiture hairy. Fore wings and thorax mixed white and brown, brightly contrasted. T. a. line not very distinct, black, thrice waved, the last time sharply below vein 1 on the margin. Ordinary spots distinct ; claviform pale ; orbicular round, black ringed, pale with deep brown rounded center ; median shade apparent edging the reniform on the inside, approxi- mate to t. p. line ; reniform large, with brown center, followed by a whitish shade which fills up the space left by the superior exsertion of the t. p. line, and is characteristic of the species. T. p. line even, black, followed by a whitish shade ; subterminal space deep brownish, with a series of broad black interepaceal dashes which are very distinctive and precede the inward dentations of the whitish, irregular subterminal line ; terminal space dark at apices and faintly so centrally, but below the apices this is mixed with pale scales which form a narrow whitish edging before the black terminal line, the latter interspaceally subluuulate and interrupted on the veins ; fringes with a central dark line and interrupted with pale scales opposite the extremity of the veins. Hind wings rather bright clear yellow, dusky at base, with a distinct broad marginal black band; fringes yellowish at base, with a dark line beyond which they are whitish. Beneath pale yellow ; the costae irrorate with dusky scales ; a terminal black band which, on the fore wings, is superiorly a little removed from the margin and has its outer edge

BUL. BUF. SOC. NAT. SCI. (11) JULY, 1873.

106

a little irregular ; a terminal black line and fringes as on upper surface ; minute and faint discal dots.

Expanse, 33 m. m. IlaMtat, Colorado Territory (coll. Tlieo. L. Mead, No. 17).

The occurrence of tliis genus in America is not noticed before. The hitherto described species are from the Ural Mountains, and have been taken in the evening on flowers according to Lederer. At first sight our species might be taken for Anartas allied to A. luteola, Grote, and the European A. cordigera, but the naked eyes, Hadena-like ornamentation, and the claAV on the fore tibiae quickly distinguishes them. This claw in On. Dayi, is shorter, stouter and blunter compared with a second species, Avhich I describe here, and which equals On. Dayi in expanse, but in which the colors of the primaries above are less distinctly contrasted, while in general appearance the two species resemble each other strongly from the similarity in color of the hind wings. From the yellow-winged European species of Agrotis, sometimes referred under a distinct name to Triphaena, and which the present species casually resemble in the appearance of the hind wings, Oncocnemis differs struc- turally, among other characters, by the non-spinose middle and hind tibiae.

It is with great pleasure that I name this species after David F. Day, Esq., of this Society, a scientist whose reading is exhaustive, and a friend whose kindness is enduring.

Oncocnemis Hayesi, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 13.

<^ . — Eyes naked, strongly lashed ; tibiae all unarmed but with a strong and rather long claw at the extremity of the anterior pair (vide Lederer, Plate 4, fig. 2) ; all the tarsi spinose. In all its structural characters this species agrees with On. Dayi, except that the claw is longer and the eyes and head a little smaller and less prominent. The primaries are dull pulver- ulent yellowish ashen with distinct lines, but not contrasted in their shad- ing. The t. p. line is distinctly continuous, shortly dentate. The ordinary spots are large and rather vague ; the orbicular larger than in On. Dayi. The subterminal line is whitish, powdery, contrasting ; fringes impromi- nently chequered. Hind wings, light, bright yellow, dusky at the base and along the veins ; the dusky scales form an incomplete line crossing the cell over the cross-vein and running to internal margin ; a wide terminal black

107

band broader than in On. Dayi ; fringes yellowish, with a dusky line, whitiHh at tips. Beneath yellowish, with terminal black bauds which, on the fore wings, are not removed ^superiorly from the margin as in On. Dayi ; minute discal dots.

Expanse, 32 m. m. Habitat, Colorado Territory (No. 18, coll. Theo. L. Mead).

This beautiful species is very distinct from Oncocnemis Dayi in the ornamentation of the primaries, which latter have more the appearance of those of the European 0. diffusa (II.-S. figs. 44-45). Our species at once differ by their distinctly yellow hind wings. The geographical distribution of the genus is very interesting, since it increases the zoological homogeneity of the present Arcto- gaeal province. The ocelli are present in all our species, and the maxillae long, stout, black and corneous.

I respectfully dedicate our second species of the genus to Doctor George E. Hayes, Vice-President of this Society, whose observa- tions on the Geology of Buffalo, have materially increased our knowledge of our locality.

Oncocnemis Chandleri, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 9.

^ . — Eyes naked, strongly lashed ; all the tibiae without, all the tarsi with spines ; fore tibiae with a strong claw. Fore wings gray, mixed black and ■white, distinctly contrasted and with longitudinal black streaks, resembling in this respect On. Dayi. A distinct black dash runs from the base of the primaries to the long, black-margined claviform. Transverse lines indicated on costal region, else obsolete. The appearance of the gray ordinary spots is very peculiar ; they are fused by a common black edge and distinct shaded fillings. The compound spot assumes a decumbent funnel-shape. Very evi- dent longitudinal black dashes precede the white dentate subterminal line interspaceally. Fringes alternately paler and darker. In the ornamentation of the primaries this species remind us of Cloantha. The terminal space is dark and concolorous in On. Chandlen, whereas it is paler than the sub- terminal in On. Dayi. Hind wings pale fuscous or smoky, with a diffusely margined, wide, blackish hind border, which, in one^ specimen, does not con- trast greatly with the rest of the wing. Beneath paler than above, with terminal blackish borders and minute discal points.

Expanse, 32 m. m. Habitat, Colorado Territory (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 27).

Quite distinct from the species with yellow hind Avings, this resembles On. Davi, rather tlian On. Ilavesi, in tlie oruamenta-

108

tion of the fore wings, while in the appearance of the hind wings it comes nearer to the European species.

I respectfully dedicate this species to Mr. Henry Chandler, Vice- President of this Society, and a distinguished Patron of the Natural Sciences.

Hadena arcticaj Boisduval.

Hadena amputatrix, Fitcli. Habitat, Atlantic District.

Hadena Bridgliami.

Mamestra Bridghamii, Grote and Robinson. Habitat, Khode Island.

Hadena adjiincta.

Mamestra adjuncta, Guenee. Habitat, Atlantic District. The eyes are naked.

Hadena deyastator.

PJialaena devastator, Brace. Mamestra ordinaria, Walker.

Habitat, Atlantic District.

Hadena dnbitans.

Apamea f insignata, Walker, p. 729. Mamestra dubitaiis, Walker, p. 233.

Habitat, Atlantic District.

I have compared Mr. Walker's types in the collection of the Brit- ish Museum. The species varies in depth of ground color ; the eyes are naked. (Number 90, Chas. A. Blake, Phila. ; Number 95, Theo. L. Mead, New York.)

Hadena impulsa.

Mamestra impulsa, Guenee. Habitat, Atlantic District.

I have not been able to identify Mamestra passer, Guenee. It is impossible to say to which genus it really belongs.

109

Hudcna npnmifuniiis.

Xylophasia apamiformis, Quenije. Habitat, New York State.

Hadciin nirea {Fabr.). Habitat, New York State. Not distinguished from European specimens.

Hadena lignicolor.

Xyloplmsia lignicolora, Ouenee.

Habitat, New York State ; Pennsylvania.

Hadena auranticolor, Grote.

$ . Nearest, perhaps, to lignicolor, much brighter and more distinctly marked. Eyes naked. Fore wings yellow ferruginous, deeper shaded below median nervure. Reniform pale. Transverse anterior line dark ferruginous, thrice waved. Transverse posterior line much projected, not distinct, marked by black dots on the veins on the narrow succeeding paler shade. Subterminal line pale, quite irregular, leaving the terminal space blackish above and below the incomplete W-shaped mark. A deep ferruginous dash connects the median lines, as in sectilis, on the submedian fold, shaded with blackish scales at t. p. line. Fringes blackish, cut with ferruginous at extremity of the veins. Hind wings pale fuscous with faint line and spot, apparently reflected from under- surface, and terminally darker shaded ; fringes of a warm hue. Thorax bright colored ; labial palpi rather prominent.

Expanse, 40 m. m.

' Two specimens taken July lOtli at Twin Lakes, Upper Arkansas Valley, Colorado Territory, at about 8000 feet elevation (coll. Theo. L. Mead, No. 41).

Hadena verbascoidcs.

Xyloplmsia verbascoides, Guen6e, p. 141. Habitat, New York State.

Hadena sectilis.

Xylophasia sectilis, Guenee, p. 141. Habitat, New York State.

no

Hadeua mucens {Hubner).

Habitat, Pennsylvania; Florida (auth. Gnenee). Iliibner com- pares this species with rurea.

Hadena vulgaris.

XylopJiasia vulgaris, Q. & R.

Habitat, Pennsylvania.

Hadena confusa.

Auchmis confusa, Hubner Zutraege, 248.

Habitat, New York State ; Pennsylvania.

Hadena miselioides, subjunda, distincta, have been already cor- rectly referred to this genus.

Hj ppa xylinoides, Ouente.

Xylina contraria. Walker. Habitat, New York, Pennsylvania.

Brotolomia Iris.

PMogophora iris, Quen6e. Habitat, New York, Pennsylvania.

Hydroecia inquaesita.

Oortyna inquaesita, G. tSt R. Habitat, New York State.

Hydroecia purpurifascia.

Oortyna purpurifascia, G. & R. Habitat, New York State.

Hydroecia limpida.

Oortyna limpida, Gueii6e. Habitat, Illinois (Guenee).

Hydroecia ccrussata.

Oortyna cerussata, Grote.

Habitat, Pennsylvania. An spec, praec. ?

Ill

llydroccia inarg:ini(leiis.

Owtyna marginidens, Ouenee.

IIa1)itat, Illinois (Gueuee).

HydroecLa riitila.

Oortyna rutila, Quen^e.

Habitat, New York State.

Hydroecia speciosissiina.

Oortyna speeiosissima, O. & R. Halitat, Rhode Island.

Hydroecia uitela.

Oortyna nitela, Quen6e.

Hahitat, Atlantic District.

Hydroecia uebris.

Ooi'tyna nebris, Quenee.

Halitat, Atlantic District.

Hydroecia nictitans, lorea, sera, immanis, stranioitosa, have been already correctly described from our Territory under this genus.

Gortyna catapliracta, Orote. Habitat, Atlantic District.

Represents in our fauna the European Gortyna flavago. Harris Gortyna leucostiyma is probably the same as Guenee's 7'«/i7«; the name proposed by Harris is preoccupied and cannot be retained in any event. The Gortyna zeae of Harris, I have already referred to Achatodes. Guenee re-describes this species under the specific name of sandix.

Ablepliaron,* n. g.

Ocelli. Eyes naked. Antennae in both sexes without pectinations, simple, not brush-like, under a higher power with very short pubescence. Tongue

* Gr.: d et pXeipapov.

112

ratlier sliort and weak, testaceous. Wings rather broad ; fore wings acute with straight external margin. Thorax rounded in front ; abdomen proportioned, without tufts. Tibiae non-spinose ; anterior pair slightly thickened. Ornamen- tation Lucania-like. All lines and spots obsolete ; tints neutral ; with longitu- dinal darker shades on the primaries, which, iu A. Henrici, broadly contrast. From all the genera allied to Leucania differing by the simple antennae.

Ablepliarou Henrici.

Leucania Henrici, Grote, huj. scrip. Habitat, Atlantic District (Buffalo, June, Mr. Zescli).

Ablepliarou evanida.

Leucania evanida, Grote, huj. scrip. Habitat, Atlantic District (New York).

Omniatostola/ n. g.

Ocelli. Eyes naked, strongly lashed. Maxillae comparatively stout, corne- ous, dark. Antennae scaled above, bristled beneath, with two more rigid spinules on each joint. Robust, thickly haired ; thorax large, square in front without tufts ; head prominent, eyes large. Wings elongate ; primaries with straight costal and rounded external margin.

The want of a clypeal projection separates both Ablepharon and Ommatostola from Nonagria. From Leucania the naked eyes separate our two new genera. From Tapinostola and Calamia the lashes, very prominent in Ommatospila. The simple antennae separate Ablepharon from any of the genera described by Lederer. The present genus seems more nearly related to Tapinostola. In ornamentation and size it approaches Calamia.

Ommatostola Lintueri, Grote.

5 . — Size rather large ; body stout ; abdomen exceeding hind wings, of the usual shape, not pointed, swelled or tufted ; thorax hairy ; eyes naked, strongly lashed ; head large, not retracted ; antennae scaled above, bristled beneath. Of the usual yellowish testaceous color ; fore wings with the external margin rather full and rounded ; costal region shaded with white, and all the veins more or less completely marked with white scales, interrupted with blackish ; no markings visible except the t. p. line, which is well indicated by black dots

^ Gr.: ofiiui et cToTiij.

113

on the veins; blackish shadings accompany the sub-costal norvuro on the cell, tho median and internal nervuros and obtain terminally, and especially supe- riorly, on the interspaces; fringes concolorous; hind wings white, with a faint testaceous tinge; nervules obsoletely indicated; head and thorax yellowish testaceous without markings ; beneath there are no markings, wings and body whitish ; veins on primaries indicated by blackish scales.

Expanse, 40 m. m. Length of lochj, 18 m. m. Habitat, New York (coll. J. A. Lintiicr, No. 2588).

Cncullia Yosemitae, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 3 2 .

5 . — Eyes naked, but with lashes ; abdomen exceeding the hind wings, but shorter than in intermedia, vih.\c\x this species rather resembles in general color, but is much more distinctly marked ; as usual the legs are proportionately short, the palpi thickly and finely scaled with small projected terminal joint. Pure dusty gray, not bluish gray, as in intermedia and its European allies, but rather brownish ; the median lines are well marked and black ; a basal black dash on submedian fold, extending to the inward dentation of the t. p. line, more or less distinctly ; median lines very approximate inferiorly where the outward dentation of the t. a. line nearly touches the corresponding inward dentation of the t. p. line, above which point the t. p. line is heavily marked between vein 2 and the fold ; there is a fine oblique black streak across median space above the submedian fold ; t. p. line so contiguous to the empty finely black ringed reniform, that its acute dentations opposite the cell appear as the outer edge of the spot which is obsolete ; orbicular empty, finely black ringed, large, rather elongate ovate, lying very obliquely on the cell ; a series of blackish interspaceal lines ; those between veins 2 and 5 extended inwardly, alternating with the outward dentations of the t. p. line ; the subterminal line indicated by pale points on these lines ; fringes interrupted at the extremity of the veins by pale scales. Hind wings griseous, with paler fringes and faint indi- cations of a median line ; beneath griseous, powdery, with faint discal marks and traces of a common line ; body griseous, concolorous, collar with a black line.

Expanse, 42 m. in.

HaUtat, California (coll. Tlico. L. Mead, No. 29 ; Yosemite, Oct.

12th).

The thoracic vestiture is displaced on my specimen, so that I can- not observe its peculiarities.

BUL. BUP. SOC. NAT. SCI. (15) JULT, 1873.

114

Xylina sculpta, Orote, Plate 3, fig. 1 2 .

i 5 . — Eyes naked ; middle and liind tibia spinose ; frontal tuft very short, improminent, not projectedly bifid, as in the typical species Xylina Bethunei, Grote and Xylina dgnosa, Walker.^ Thorax squared, with the shoulders well defined ; abdomen flattened ; gray, shaded with blackish, with distinct orna- mentation ; a basal linear black dash ; transverse lines geminate and much as in Xylina capax, G. & B., which this species strongly resembles ; t. a. line, with the outer component line best expressed, dentate below costa, running obliquely outwardly in its general course, acuminate on submedian fold where it is connected by blackish scales with an acute inward inflection of the t. p. line at this place, inwardly dentate on vein 1 ; orbicular sometimes not defined against the ground of the wing ; median shade blackish, diffuse ; reniform of the usual kidney-shape; t. p. line well projected, interspaceally lunulate, its inner line most distinct and marking outwardly the veins at the point between the lunulations ; subterminal line irregular, preceded by diffuse blackish shadings and irregular cuneiform interspaceal marks ; sometimes vein 2 is accentuated, but there is no continuation of the streak on median space on the submedian fold beyond the t. p. line ; terminal interspaceally dentate line marked by black points. Hind wings rather pale, powdery, with an indistinct continued median dentate line, discal dot and subterminal shade, better ex- pressed in 2 , and a distinct black terminal line interrupted by the veins. Beneath the primaries are dark, with the subterminal line indicated by con- trast with the paler terminal space, exterior line indicated on costal region ; hind wings pale with the dot, dentate and terminal lines of the upper surface repeated.

Expmise, 40 m. m.

Habitat, Philadelphia (C. A. Blake, Number 42); New York (Theo. L. Mead, Number 119).

Smaller than X. capax, and Avith the reniform more kidney- shaped ; more purely gray and black, less purplish and dark.

Calpe Canadensis, BetJiune.

Plusiodonta? purpuraseens, Walker. Oraesia sdbria, Walker.

Habitat, Canada; New York.

I regret that in our notes on the N. Am. Lepidoptera contained in the British Museum, Mr. Eobinson and myself have erroneously considered Mr. Walker's descriptions of this species as earlier. The

6 Mr. Walker's descriptions in this genus are almost useless ; I have icjentifled his Xylina cOiitraria as a redescription of Hyppa xjlinojdos.

115

synonymy of this species will show the general style of Mr. Walk- er's determinations in the moths correctly. Tlic species represents in onr fauna the European Calpe thalictri.

Lygrantlioccia, Orote and Robinson (1873).

This genus differs from IleliotMs in its slender and elongated body parts, and loss hairy squamatiOn. From the section Melicleptria by the more rounded thorax. The naked eyes have a short frilling of scales beneath. The front is much flatter than in llcliothis, and the palpi are more porrected. The frontal scales are not mixed with hair, nor twisted towards a central point, as in that genus. The habitus is more like Lepipolys, or even Scldnia. The shape of the abdomen is like IleliotMs proper, but the $ oviduct is shortly salient and dependent. All the tarsi spinose, hind tibiae with two pair of spurs ; middle tibiae with a single unequal pair, whereof one spur very long; fore tibia with terminal spines. The squamation is peculiarly pearly and powdery ; the fore wings are divided into fields, as in some species of HeliotMs, but the sombre hind wings and under-surface do not recall the gay coloration and ornamentation of that genus.

This genus was in manuscript at the time of Mr, Robinson's death. It had been remarked by him that the typical species, Anthoecia rivulosa, had been unjustly used by Dr. IlerricJi-Schaeflfer to criticise Lederer's definition of Heliothis.

Lygrantlioecia marginata, Grote and